Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review

The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.

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Bacterial Augmented Floating Treatment Wetlands for Efficient Treatment of Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Neeha Nawaz ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Ghulam Shabir ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Muhammad Bilal Shakoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bacterial Inoculation ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands

Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is an innovative, cost effective and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment. The dyes in textile wastewater degrade water quality and pose harmful effects to living organisms. In this study, FTWs, vegetated with Phragmites australis and augmented with specific bacteria, were used to treat dye-enriched synthetic effluent. Three different types of textile wastewater were synthesized by adding three different dyes in tap water separately. The FTWs were augmented with three pollutants degrading and plant growth promoting bacterial strains (i.e., Acinetobacter junii strain NT-15, Rhodococcus sp. strain NT-39, and Pseudomonas indoloxydans strain NT-38). The water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), color, bacterial survival and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Fe). The results indicated that the FTWs removed pollutants and color from the treated water; however, the inoculated bacteria in combination with plants further enhanced the remediation potential of floating wetlands. In FTWs with P. australis and augmented with bacterial inoculum, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and color of dyes were significantly reduced as compared to only vegetated and non-vegetated floating treatment wetlands without bacterial inoculation. Similarly, the FTWs application successfully removed the heavy metal from the treated dye-enriched wastewater, predominately by FTWs inoculated with bacterial strains. The bacterial augmented vegetated FTWs, in the case of dye 1, reduced the concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb by 75%, 73.3%, 86.9%, 75%, 70% and 76.7%, respectively. Similarly, the bacterial inoculation to plants in the case of dye 2 achieved 77.5% (Cu), 73.3% (Ni), 83.3% (Zn), 77.5% (Fe), 66.7% (Mn) and 73.3% (Pb) removal rates. Likewise in the case of dye 3, which was treated with plants and inoculated bacteria, the metals removal rates were 77.5%, 73.3%, 89.7%, 81.0%, 70% and 65.5% for Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn and Pb, respectively. The inoculated bacteria showed persistence in water, in roots and in shoots of the inoculated plants. The bacteria also reduced the dye-induced toxicity and promoted plant growth for all three dyes. The overall results suggested that FTW could be a promising technology for the treatment of dye-enriched textile effluent. Further research is needed in this regard before making it commercially applicable.

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Role of Microorganisms in the Remediation of Wastewater in Floating Treatment Wetlands: A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5559 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Munazzam Jawad Shahid ◽

Ameena A. AL-surhanee ◽

Fayza Kouadri ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Neeha Nawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Complex Compounds ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Specific Role ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Plant Microbe Interaction ◽

Removal Process ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Insight Into

This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.

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Construction of floating treatment wetlands for remediation of polluted waters

Sustainable Forestry: Collection ◽

10.5937/sustfor1775001q ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Nevena Čule ◽

Aleksandar Lučić ◽

Dragana Dražić ◽

Vladan Popović ◽

Milorad Veselinović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Water Regulation ◽

Cell Coverage ◽

Inorganic Matter ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Polluted Waters ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water regulation, integral water management and water conservation are one of the main tasks, set by an ecologically conscious society. A series of complex treatments are set in order to achieve the main goal in wastewater treatment, i.e. eliminating or reducing pollutants to a level that will not cause adverse effects to humans and the environment. The paper presents the construction of an efficient, environmentally friendly and economically justified biological system for the treatment of polluted urban waters. Research has shown that the proposed system with floating islands and algae was effective in removing various categories of pollutants from polluted river (organic and inorganic matter, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms), which indicated that the selected type of construction was appropriate. It was concluded that minor modifications in terms of cell coverage by floating islands could provide even greater removal of certain pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals.

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Development of floating treatment wetlands with plant-bacteria partnership to clean textile bleaching effluent

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.070.06.1679 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (06) ◽

pp. 502-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD TUSIEF QAMAR ◽

HUSSAN MALIK MUMTAZ ◽

MUHAMMAD MOHSIN ◽

HAFIZ NAEEM ASGHAR ◽

MUHAMMAD IQBAL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands

Treatment of textile wastewater prior to its discharge into the environment is a highly concerned issue of the industry. The current established methods in textile industry for effluent treatment are typically high in cost, require range of chemicals along with the generation of concentrated hazardous sludge. It is therefore inevitable to look for economical and eco-friendly ways to treat textile wastewater. Hence, the present study was endeavored to develop green, chemical free and sustainable bacteria inoculated plant based technique for remedying textile bleaching effluents. A lab scale floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) system was developed and implemented for remediation of H2O2 based textile bleaching wastewater. This system was designed by vegetating two free floating aquatic plants Eichhorniacrassipes and Pistia stratiotes. The performance of this system was enhanced by inoculating two pollutant degrading and plant growth promoting bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The efficacy of this bacterial augmented FTWs system was assessed by monitoring physicochemical parameters of treated wastewater. A substantial decrease in pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD and COD was noted. This stamped the effectiveness of this sustainable technique to treat textile effluents.

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Remediation of polluted river water by floating treatment wetlands

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2018.154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 967-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Munazzam Jawad Shahid ◽

Razia Tahseen ◽

Muhammad Siddique ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Samina Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Polluted River ◽

Leptochloa Fusca ◽

Quality Guidelines ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Better Than

Abstract In this study, the potential of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), inoculated with selected bacteria, to ameliorate polluted river water was evaluated. Floating cells were prepared by vegetating plants, Typha domingensis and Leptochloa fusca, on a floating mat. The plants were inoculated with three different pollutant-degrading rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains. Significantly greater decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) was observed in inoculated FTWs than in the wetlands without bacterial inoculation. However, a slight decrease in pH and EC was seen in most of the treatments. The total nitrogen (TN), nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) contents decreased to 1.77 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the concentration of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) in the water lowered to 0.41, 0.16, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Overall the performance of T. domingensis was significantly better than L. fusca. The treated effluents meet the water quality guidelines for irrigation and aquatic life. This study revealed that FTWs supplemented with selective bacteria are a promising approach for the restoration and management of polluted river water.

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AN INTRODUCTION TO FLOATING TREATMENT WETLANDS AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIAL FOR REMEDIATION OF CITARUM WATERSHED, INDONESIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (4-2) ◽

Author(s):

Indriatmoko Indriatmoko ◽

Raden Pandoe Prahoro

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Aquatic Area ◽

Application Potential ◽

Water Pollutant ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Physical And Chemical

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are considered the most applicable and cost effective instrument for aquatic pollutant removal. This aquaponic–based bioremediation has become a potential alternative solution since inorganic (physical and chemical) treatment is seen to be ineffective for large–scale polluted objects. Numerous investigations have proved that FTWs are potential to decrease major pollutant concentration in water e.g., nitrogen, phosphate, as well as heavy metals. This treatment is applicable by using different macrophytes species. Depending on its pollutant target, the use of macrophytes will vary to its pollutant which will be removed. There are only limited reports available relating to application of macrophytes as pollutant removal applied in Indonesia. Citarum watershed is known as one of the most polluted aquatic area in Indonesia. It urgently needs a suitable method of water pollutant removal in this area. This paper aims to describe the application of FTWs as one of remediation methods that harnesses a significant potential because of its low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable nature for water restoration.

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Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2353 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Fahid ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Ghulam Shabir ◽

Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽

Tahira Yasmeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Joint Application ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Acinetobacter Sp ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands

Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.

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