scholarly journals Anthropological Dimension of the Philosophical "Literature-Centric" Model of Ukrainian Romanticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Z. O Yankovska ◽  
L. V Sorochuk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
External World ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Cultural Movement

Purpose. Romanticism as a movement developed in Germany, where, becoming the philosophy of time in the 18th-19th centuries, spread to all European countries. The "mobility" of the Romantic doctrine, its diversity, sometimes contradictory views, attitude to man as a free, harmonious, creative person led to the susceptibility of this movement by ethnic groups, different in nature and mentality. Its ideas found a wide response in Ukraine with its "cordocentric" type of culture in the early nineteenth century. Since the peculiarity of "Ukrainian Romanticism" was its "literary-centric" nature, the purpose of this study is to analyse and comprehend the place of man in the national philosophy and literature of this period. Accordingly, the main tasks of the work are as follows: to determine the main features, the nature of Ukrainian Romanticism; to trace the main vectors of comprehension and image of man in the literature of this time. Theoretical basis. The ideas of European Romanticism (as a philosophical-historical and general cultural movement) were creatively rethought and assimilated during the emergence of new Ukrainian literature. It provided samples of highly artistic works, unique names of talented writers – creators and thinkers, who in their works reflected the philosophy of time. Based on the works of F. Schlegel, partly E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, K. Jaspers, Romanticism in the Ukrainian humanities, in terms of philosophy, culturology, as well as at the intersection with literature, was studied by T. Bovsunivska, Y. Hrybkova, S. Efremov, N. Kalenichenko, S. Kozak, T. Komarynets, D. Nalyvayko, Y. Nakhlik, I. Ogorodnyk, V. Ogorodnyk, A. Sinitsyna, D. Chyzhevsky, M. Yatsenko, E. Kyryliuk, M. Biletsky, D. Dontsov, S. Efremov, G. Kostyuk, S. Krymsky, Y. Sherekh and others. Originality. The authors of the article prove that Romanticism in Ukraine, being "literary-centric" inherently, having absorbed the main ideas and features of European Romanticism, has its own features and vectors of formation and development. Man in this kind of movement, thanks to the means of art, appears very clearly as a spiritually rich, sensitive, vulnerable and strong person. For him or her, the highest value is freedom, the ability to make freely independent fateful decisions. Conclusions. Ukrainian writers, reflecting the philosophical ideas of Romanticism, saw in man a harmonious combination of "natural" and "social", through which he indirectly carries out his own national existence. In addition to the objective realities of the external world, in their works, Romantic writers appeal to the subjective, internal, spiritual, "ideal" world of the hero, who interacts with reality through his own system of values. At each level of development of the humanities and methodology of cognition, this allows a new reading of these works.

Rufino’s Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
João José Reis ◽  
Flávio dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Marcus J. M. de Carvalho ◽  
H. Sabrina Gledhill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Revolt ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
Muslim Family

Rufino was born in the ancient kingdom of Ò̩yó̩, one of the most powerful states in West Africa in the early nineteenth century. The expansion of Islam in the area, coupled with internal strife, led to a series of wars involving different ethnic groups. In 1817, a slave revolt in the heart of Ò̩yó̩ weakened its leadership to a point of no return. The victims of the conflicts that followed crowded the slave ships bound for Brazil. Years later, Rufino told the police that he came from a Yoruba Muslim family, who named him Abuncare. He was enslaved by Muslim Hausa warriors, a great number of whom were escaped slaves who ravaged the region where he lived. Rufino was sold on the coast and sent to Bahia in the early 1820s.

St. Basil the Great’s Philosophy of Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-246
Author(s):  
Sergey Trostyanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light

Basil the Great’s theory of time is a fascinating testimony to the metaphysics and philosophy of nature of the fourth century AD. In his treatises Basil sought to tackle such foundational issues of philosophy as God’s being, its hypostatic instantiations, and God’s creative acts. In order to properly address these issues he had to scrutinize the notion of time, thus turning the discussion of time into one of the key philosophical threads of his treatises. Basil’s works unequivocally exhibited his careful approach to and respect for philosophical tradition, along with his innovative brilliance. Moreover, Basil’s oeuvre clearly indicates that he was well acquainted with the then current philosophical literature on the subject. This article aims to shed light on various aspects of Basil’s theory and its conceptual underpinnings. It endeavors to demonstrate that Basil’s theory, at its highest point, cannot be understood apart from its protological and eschatological premises. It also argues that Basil was not merely an eclectic thinker, in that he used various concepts inherited from the late antique philosophical tradition to arrive at a uniquely Christian theological and eschatological synthesis. It concludes with an affirmation of Basil’s theory of time as a valuable extension to our understanding of the topic.

scholarly journals Happy and shameful experiences among ethnic groups in Indonesia: Cognitive, affective and behavioral Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Lalita Wirawan Djiwatampu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
External World ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Experience Emotion ◽  
The Way

The way people experience emotion depends on how they appraise the event. If the event is congruent with the individual’s goal and beliefs, she/he is likely to experience a positive emotion, but if it is incongruent, then she/he is likely to experience a negative emotion. Moreover, the process of appraisal is influenced by “what is taught” in a particular culture, so, what is considered shameful in one culture may have little significance for another culture. This study compares happiness and shameful experience in four ethnic groups, the Javanese, the Balinese, the Minang, and the Dayakis, in the islands of Java, Bali, West Sumatera, and South Kalimantan, respectively. Each one of these ethnic groups has unique characteristics in terms of the power system in the family and openness to external world. It is assumed that the norms and beliefs in each group have significant impact on emotional experiences. Each participant was asked to share his/her happy andshameful experience and afterwards to answer several questions in regard to the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of those experiences. The study revealed that among three of the ethnic groups, the Minang, the Balinese and the Dayakis, there are no substantial differences in happy experiences with only the Javanese differing slightly, but there is an indication that shameful experience seems to be more culture specific than happy experience.

New Caledonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-126
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
East Coast ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
White Settler ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
New Period ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Movement

This chapter focuses on New Caledonia, an example of a decolonial movement. It tracks the development of the movement since the 1960s and follows the different tactics it used at different points in time. The chapter also elaborates the tactics of compellence of New Caledonia, which involved nonviolent civil resistance, the use of violence, and electoral capture. It details how French democracy gradually enfranchised the indigenous group, the Kanaks, and gave them political voice. The chapter presents the independence effort in New Caledonia led by the Kanaks and other ethnic groups including immigrants from France, elements of the white settler community, and Wallisians. It then introduces a new period of cultural movement known as the Kanak Awakening, and its greatest leader, Jean-Marie Tjibaou from the east coast of Grand Terre. Ultimately, the chapter argues that Caledonia differs most from the other movements in this study, for, unlike them, it is classified as a non-self-governing territory and therefore eligible for independence via the path of decolonization.

The Nation-State According to Whom?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Maria Herr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
National State ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
Cape Horn

In the early nineteenth century Chilean elites centralized political power and forged a national state independent of Spain. The new government’s main goals were to expand Chile’s national territory as far south as Cape Horn, a region that included the frontier zone known as Araucanía (between the Bío-Bío and Toltén Rivers), and assimilate Araucanía’s inhabitants, the “barbaric” Mapuche Indians- several ethnic groups that shared a language and cultural traditions- into Chilean society. Some Mapuche groups such as the Trapatrapa Pehuenches and the Abajinos became ardent supporters of the state’s territorial ambitions. They allied with the Chilean government and fought against a common enemy that included a few remaining Spanish officers, soldiers, and other Mapuche groups such as the Arribanos and Pehuenches of Chillán. This article will analyze the Pehuenches of Chillán and the Arribanos. The Pehuenches of Chillán resisted the Chilean government’s efforts at territorial expansion on to their lands. The Arribanos initially resisted with the Pehuenches of Chillán, but in the mid-1820s switched sides and became a supporter of the Chilean state. This article will address why these two groups were divided and the actions each group undertook to achieve its desired outcome. Ultimately it took most of the nineteenth century for the Chilean state to acquire national territory that extended as far south as Cape Horn, and those that lost the most were the Mapuches.

scholarly journals Freedom and liberty: the influence of the ideology of the polish uprising of 1830 on Russian philosophy and literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Tetiana Murha
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The French Revolution

The relevance of the topic is due to the history of the concept of freedom in the Russian, Polish and Ukrainian thesauri in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Because the concept of "freedom" is important in shaping the national identities of these Slavic peoples.The aim of the article was to consider the causes of metamorphoses that occurred in the use of words and changes in the connotations of the concept of "freedom". It is determined that the development of philosophical ideas about freedom in Russia in the early nineteenth century is influenced by two contradictory tendencies: nihilistic-deterministic and religious-libertarian. It is studied that in the Soviet official philosophy and ideology the concept of "freedom" acquires ritual-official and rational-determinist meaning ("freedom as a known necessity"). In contrast, "freedom" is replaced by the concept of "freedom", which has acquired positive connotations. At the same time, the identification of "freedom" with "arbitrariness" in recent years has been a source of Russian anti-liberal discourse.Conclusions. The concept of "freedom" in literature, official documents and philosophical considerations originally had two verbal reflections "liberty" and "freedom". And the first of them actually dominated until the early nineteenth century. Its meanings were related to the influence of Polish political principles and the Ukrainian Orthodox tradition, which was spread by graduates of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium (Academy). At the same time, it was gradually supplanted by another word, "liberty," especially under the influence of the reaction to the events and slogans of the French Revolution.

scholarly journals ATTITUDE TOWARDS ADVERTISING AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY ETHNICITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Ting ◽  
Ernest Cyril De Run ◽  
Teck-Weng Jee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Attitude Towards Advertising

The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of young adults towards advertising from the perspective of ethnicity. Specifically, it seeks to find out how young adults from the Iban, Chinese and Malay communities perceive advertising so as to understand the implication of ethnicity and culture on the subject matter. A seven-factor belief model is adopted to decompose the theory of reasoned action. As such, it provides theoretical basis to explain similarities and differences of beliefs and attitude towards advertising across the three ethnic groups. Given its quantitative stance, a questionnaire-based survey was administered at universities. 316 out of 400 copies were then collected for analyses. The findings show that despite cultural differences embedded in ethnicity, beliefs and attitude of the three ethnic groups towards advertising are found largely to be similar. They can only be set apart by the effect of beliefs on the formation of attitude towards advertising. Implications and future studies are provided.Keywords: Advertising; Attitude; Belief; Culture; Ethnic; Young Adults.

scholarly journals Redrawing the Map: Medina on Epistemic Vices and Skepticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-283
Author(s):  
Aidan McGlynn
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
Standpoint Epistemology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Socially Situated

My aim in this paper is to closely examine José Medina’s account of socially-situated knowledge and ignorance in terms of epistemic virtues and vices in his 2013 book The Epistemology of Resistance. First, I’ll offer a detailed examination of the similarities and differences between Medina’s account and both standpoint epistemology and epistemologies of active ignorance. Medina presents his account as capturing and integrating the insights of both, but I will argue that, for better or worse, his account differs from familiar forms of standpoint epistemology in significant respects, and so should be treated as related but distinct. Second, I’ll expand on Medina’s brief suggestion that his vice-theoretic account of active ignorance reveals interesting analogues of traditional forms of skepticism about the external world, comparing and contrasting Medina’s proposal with both other analogues of skepticism found in the philosophical literature on oppression and with traditional forms of skepticism inspired by Descartes.

scholarly journals Idealized Subject of Theory and its Logic: Relationship Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Владимир Красиков ◽  
Vladimir Krasikov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Language ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Logic Relationship

The paper explores the relationship between two levels of theory, i.e. its initial theoretical basis and its logic. The author describes three possible states of the initial theoretical basis: the potential, the state of the hypothesis, and the formation state. These states presumably differ in the degree of internal correlation of ingredients, which depends on the activity of the researcher’s mind. The author tries to determine the ontological location of the original theoretical basis. An analysis of historical and philosophical literature revealed the following characteristic positions, i.e. objective idealism, representationism, praxeological apriorism, praxeological subjectivism, and culturological transcendentalism. Each of the positions has its own argument and rational grounds. After a brief comparison, the author focuses on the last one. He analyses the possible mechanisms of the epistemological genesis of the idealized subject of theory from a potential initial theoretical basis, i.e. choice, invention, and transfer. In this paper, the methodological level of theory is understood as a set of its interpretations, i.e. in practical experience, semantics, and spiritual-theoretical space. Then the author identifies the main forms of interaction of the initial theoretical framework and the logic of theory. First, scientists, often unaccountably, shape the potential space of the original theoretical basis through the methodological operations of idealizations, design, and hypothetical input. In addition, theorists, who purposefully develop a theory, conceptualize the corresponding specific methods through the empirical projection of the theory, by introducing definitions of certain terms of the theoretical language in terms of the empirical language and vice versa. Finally, the author summarizes that the initial theoretical foundations formed into conceptual frameworks are prescriptions of scientific activity and operators of reflexive acts. Thus, rationality is a constant search for proportion and equilibrium between the postulated order (the ontological scheme) and the order of judgments about it (the methodology).

scholarly journals Educational Ideal of Ukrainian Ethnopedagogies: Carpathian Vector

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Nelly Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Old Age ◽  
World View ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Ideal Image ◽  
The People ◽  
Educational Ideal

Educational ideal, methods, forms and means of folk-educational influence on itsformation, starting from the first years of baby’s life are topical problems for researchers. The mainelement is an aim. The aim is an ideal image of the expecting result which is regarded as a guidefor the educational activity of a certain ethnic community. The content of the notion of educationalideal is the imagery about the most important qualities of a personality, their manners, culture ofrelationship in the society, behavior.Ukrainian mentality is practicality, rationality, generosity, intellect in general. It is fullyreflected in the pedagogical aim. At the same time mental means spiritual. That is something inthoughts and intents of a person. It is important to emphasize that Ukrainian ethos was formed onthe basis of several groups, not only having formed a nation, but also having synthesized thetemperament, traditions and customs, clothes and everyday life, culture in general. Hutsul, Boyko,Lemko (121 ethnic groups all together) differ by the uniqueness of the appearance. At the sametime their internal essence, that is educational ideal, world view, ethic morals, are unchangeable.Educational ideal is historically determined. Esthetic strategies, formation of creativity,development of the abilities by the means of folk crafts and trades, upbringing of a host piercethrough the educational ideal of nowadays Ukrainians. The people aim to bring up their childrenas true citizens: good kids mean quiet old age, while with evil children old age becomes a hell.Thus, the educational ideal of the Ukrainians should be considered as a basis for moderneducational technologies projection.

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