scholarly journals Happy and shameful experiences among ethnic groups in Indonesia: Cognitive, affective and behavioral Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Lalita Wirawan Djiwatampu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
External World ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Experience Emotion ◽  
The Way

The way people experience emotion depends on how they appraise the event. If the event is congruent with the individual’s goal and beliefs, she/he is likely to experience a positive emotion, but if it is incongruent, then she/he is likely to experience a negative emotion. Moreover, the process of appraisal is influenced by “what is taught” in a particular culture, so, what is considered shameful in one culture may have little significance for another culture. This study compares happiness and shameful experience in four ethnic groups, the Javanese, the Balinese, the Minang, and the Dayakis, in the islands of Java, Bali, West Sumatera, and South Kalimantan, respectively. Each one of these ethnic groups has unique characteristics in terms of the power system in the family and openness to external world. It is assumed that the norms and beliefs in each group have significant impact on emotional experiences. Each participant was asked to share his/her happy andshameful experience and afterwards to answer several questions in regard to the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of those experiences. The study revealed that among three of the ethnic groups, the Minang, the Balinese and the Dayakis, there are no substantial differences in happy experiences with only the Javanese differing slightly, but there is an indication that shameful experience seems to be more culture specific than happy experience.

Measurement Invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience Across 13 Countries

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110214
Author(s):  
Veljko Jovanović ◽  
Mohsen Joshanloo ◽  
Marta Martín-Carbonell ◽  
Corrado Caudek ◽  
Begoña Espejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Age Range

The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) is widely used to measure emotional experiences, but not much is known about its cross-cultural utility. The present study evaluated the measurement invariance of the SPANE across adult samples ( N = 12,635; age range = 18-85 years; 58.2% female) from 13 countries (China, Colombia, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States). Configural and partial scalar invariance of the SPANE were supported. Three items capturing specific negative emotions (sad, afraid, and angry) were found to be culturally noninvariant. Our findings suggest that the SPANE’s positive emotion terms and general negative emotion terms (e.g., negative and unpleasant) might be more suitable for cross-cultural studies on emotions and well-being, whereas caution is needed when comparing countries using the SPANE’s specific negative emotion items.

scholarly journals Not Just Another Pint! The Role of Emotion Induced by Music on the Consumer’s Tasting Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 367-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Reinoso-Carvalho ◽  
Silvana Dakduk ◽  
Johan Wagemans ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Way

Abstract We introduce a novel methodology to assess the influence of the emotion induced by listening to music on the consumer’s multisensory tasting experience. These crossmodal effects were analyzed when two contrasting music tracks (positive vs negative emotion) were presented to consumers while tasting beer. The results suggest that the emotional reactions triggered by the music influenced specific aspects of the multisensory tasting experience. Participants liked the beer more, and rated it as tasting sweeter, when listening to music associated with positive emotion. The same beer was rated as more bitter, with higher alcohol content, and as having more body, when the participants listened to music associated with negative emotion. Moreover, participants were willing to pay 7–8% more for the beer that was tasted while they listened to positive music. This novel methodology was subsequently replicated with two different styles of beer. These results are discussed along with practical implications concerning the way in which music can add significant value to how a consumer responds to a brand.

Disease in the family in terms of contemporary literature for children

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Jowita Gromysz
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Way

Summary Disease in the family is a literary motif used by many authors. The article contains a description of various ways of representing the disease in contemporary texts for young children. Pedagogical context of reading literary narratives refers to the way the rider repons to the text ( relevance to the age of the reader, therapeutic and educational function). The analyzed texts concern hospitalization, disability of siblings, parent’s cancer. There always relate to the family environment and show the changeability of roles and functions in family.

The Inscriptions on the Gravestones in the Croatian Villages of Slovakia, Chunovo and Jarovce: The Specificity of Mixing Graphics Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Darya Yu. Vashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Traditional Spelling ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village

The article discusses the inscriptions on funerary monuments from the Croatian villages of Cunovo and Jarovce, located in the South of Slovakia, near Bratislava. These inscriptions reflect the complicated sociocultural situation in the region, which is particularly specific due to the fact that this territory was included to Slovakia’s territory only after 1946, while earlier the village was part of Hungary. In addition, the local Croatian ethnic group was actively in close contact with the German and Hungarian communities. At the same time, the orthographic norms of the literary Croatian, German, Hungarian, and Slovak languages, which could potentially be owned by the authors of the inscriptions, differ in many ways, despite the Latin alphabet used on all the gravestones. All this is reflected in the tombstones, representing a high degree of mixing codes. The article identifies the main types of fusion on the monuments: separate orthograms, writing the maiden name of the deceased in the spelling of her native language, the traditional spelling of the family name. In addition, the mixing of codes can be associated with writing feminitives, also order of name and surname within the anthroponym. Moreover, the settlements themselves represent different ethnic groups coexistence within the village. Gravestones from the respective cemeteries also differ from each other in the nature of the prevailing trend of the mixing codes. In Jarovce, where the ethnic groups live compactly, fusion is often presented as a separate foreign language orthograms. In Cunovo, where the ethnic groups constitute a global conglomerate, more traditional presents for a specific family spelling of the names on the monument.

Reading Roman Pride

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Baraz
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
Emotional Landscape ◽  
The Way

Pride is pervasive in Roman texts, as an emotion and a political and social concept implicated in ideas of power. This study examines the Roman discourse of pride from two distinct complementary perspectives. The first is based on scripts, mini-stories told to illustrate what pride is, how it arises and develops, and where it fits within the Roman emotional landscape. The second is semantic, and draws attention to differences between terms within the pride field. The peculiar feature of Roman pride that emerges is that it appears exclusively as a negative emotion, attributed externally and condemned, up to the Augustan period. This previously unnoticed lack of expression of positive pride in republican discourse is a result of the way the Roman republican elite articulates its values as anti-monarchical and is committed, within the governing class, to power-sharing and a kind of equality. The book explores this uniquely Roman articulation of pride attributed to people, places, and institutions and traces the partial rehabilitation of pride that begins in the texts of the Augustan poets at a time of great political change. Reading for pride produces innovative readings of texts that range from Plautus to Ausonius, with a major focus on Cicero, Livy, Vergil, and other Augustan poets.

‘To wise for a woman’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Clark
Keyword(s):  
Marital Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

While there were clear strategic aims in the way that marriages were made in the Howard dynasty during this period, the family was only unusual in that it operated at the very top of the aristocratic hierarchy and was therefore able to use marital alliances to successfully recover and bolster both status and finances. Where they were different, however, was in the experience of some of these women within marriage. By and large, the marriages made by and for members of the family, including women, seem to have been as successful as others of their class. However, three women close to the core of the dynasty experienced severe marital problems, even ‘failed’ marriages, almost simultaneously during the 1520s and 1530s. The records generated by these episodes tell us about the way in which the family operated as a whole, and the agency of women in this context, and this chapter therefore reconstructs these disputes for this purpose.

Explaining Perceptual Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
External World ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
The Way

This chapter offers a response to Quassim Cassam’s ‘Seeing and Knowing’, which challenges some of the conditions Cassam thinks the author has imposed on a satisfactory explanation of our knowledge of the external world. According to Cassam, the conditions he specifies can be fulfilled in ways that explain how the knowledge is possible. What is at stake in this argument between Cassam and the author is the conception of what is perceived to be so that is needed to account for the kind of perceptual knowledge we all know we have. That is what must be in question in any promising move away from the overly restrictive conception of perceptual experience that gives rise to the hopelessness of the traditional epistemological problem. The author suggests that we should explore the conditions of successful ‘propositional’ perception of the way things are and emphasizes the promise of such a strategy.

Associations between mental wellbeing and fMRI neural bases underlying responses to positive emotion in a twin sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haeme R.P. Park ◽  
Miranda R. Chilver ◽  
Arthur Montalto ◽  
Javad Jamshidi ◽  
Peter R. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Although mental wellbeing has been linked with positive health outcomes, including longevity and improved emotional and cognitive functioning, studies examining the underlying neural mechanisms of both subjective and psychological wellbeing have been sparse. We assessed whether both forms of wellbeing are associated with neural activity engaged during positive and negative emotion processing and the extent to which this association is driven by genetics or environment. Methods We assessed mental wellbeing in 230 healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins using a previously validated questionnaire (COMPAS-W) and undertook functional magnetic resonance imaging during a facial emotion viewing task. We used linear mixed models to analyse the association between COMPAS-W scores and emotion-elicited neural activation. Univariate twin modelling was used to evaluate heritability of each brain region. Multivariate twin modelling was used to compare twin pairs to assess the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association. Results Higher levels of wellbeing were associated with greater neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localised in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in response to positive emotional expressions of happiness. Univariate twin modelling showed activity in the IFG to have 20% heritability. Multivariate twin modelling suggested that the association between wellbeing and positive emotion-elicited neural activity was driven by common variance from unique environment (r = 0.208) rather than shared genetics. Conclusions Higher mental wellbeing may have a basis in greater engagement of prefrontal neural regions in response to positive emotion, and this association may be modifiable by unique life experiences.

Anthropological communities of interpretation for Burma: An overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Chit Hlaing
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper surveys the history of anthropological work on Burma, dealing both with Burman and other ethnic groups. It focuses upon the relations between anthropology and other disciplines, and upon the relationship of such work to the development of anthropological theory. It tries to show how anthropology has contributed to an overall understanding of Burma as a field of study and, conversely, how work on Burma has influenced the development of anthropology as a subject. It also tries to relate the way in which anthropology helps place Burma in the broader context of Southeast Asia.

The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110063
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Stark ◽  
Olivia H. Tousignant ◽  
Gary D. Fireman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Past Experiences

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students ( n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.

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