scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE DIFERENTES CULTURAS NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO PONTAL SUL

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
Marcello Henryque Costa Souza ◽  
Roberta Daniela da Silva Santos ◽  
Clóvis Manoel Carvalho Ramos ◽  
Luís Henrique Bassoi
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Water Values ◽  
Different Cultures

ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE DIFERENTES CULTURAS NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO PONTAL SUL     MARCELLO HENRYQUE COSTA DE SOUZA1; ROBERTA DANIELA DA SILVA SANTOS2; CLOVIS MANOEL CARVALHO RAMOS3 E LUÍS HENRIQUE BASSOI4   1 Setor de Operação do Sistema, Distrito de Irrigação Nilo Coelho – DINC, Vila CS-1, Perímetro Senador Nilo Coelho s/n. CEP: 56.300-990. Petrolina-PE, Brasil, [email protected]; 2 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima – IFRR, campus Novo Paraiso, BR-174, s/n - Vila Novo Paraíso, Caracaraí – RR. CEP:69365-000, Brasil, [email protected]; 3 Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, UNIVASF, Avenida Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510 - Santo Antônio. CEP: 48902-300 – Juazeiro – BA, [email protected]; 4 Embrapa Instrumentação, R. 15 de Novembro, 1452 - Centro, São Carlos – SP. CEP:13560-970, Brasil. [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a demanda hídrica para diferentes culturas no Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul e verificar se a lâmina fornecida é capaz de atender ou não as necessidades das culturas; identificar quando e qual cenário há maior necessidade de água; e definir quais cenários baseados em diferentes culturas e na disponibilidade de água poderão ser atendidos de acordo com a capacidade de bombeamento do perímetro irrigado. Para alcançar tais objetivos foram feitos levantamentos de dados, estudos bibliográficos, geração de cenários agrícolas (considerando diferentes culturas – Acerola, Caju, Goiaba, Banana, Coco, Uva e Manga) e estimativa das demandas do Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul. De acordo com os cenários gerados, o perímetro irrigado apresenta, em parte, dados que favorecem a superestimação de valores de água a serem fornecidos, porém também apresenta problemas no que diz respeito ao fornecimento de água para as culturas quando avaliados cenários e condições de exigência máxima das culturas. Assim, este estudo mostra a necessidade do estudo prévio e uma alternativa para um planejamento adequado para implantação das culturas e uso de sistemas de irrigação no Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul.   Palavras-chave: irrigação, planejamento agrícola, uso de água.     SOUZA, M. H. C.; SANTOS, R. D. S.; RAMOS, C. M. C.; BASSOI, L. H. ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND BY CROPS FOR WATER ALLOCATION IN PONTAL SUL IRRIGATION SCHEME     2 ABSTRACT   This work aimed to determine the water demand for different crops in the Pontal Sul Irrigation Scheme and to verify if the water depth supplied is capable of attending crop water demands; to identify when and which scenario the water demand is maximum; and to define which scenarios based on different crops and on water availability can be met according to the pumping capacity of the irrigation scheme. To achieve these objectives, data surveys, bibliographic studies, generation of agricultural scenarios (considering different cultures - Barbados cherry, Cashew, Guava, Banana, Coconut, Grape and Mango) and estimation of the demands of the Pontal Sul Irrigated Perimeter were made. According to the scenarios generated, the Pontal Sul irrigated project presents, in part, data that favor the overestimation of water values ​​to be provided, but it also presents problems related to water supply for crops in scenarios and conditions of maximum crop requirements. Thus, this study shows the need for a previous study and an alternative for planning for cropping and the use of irrigation systems in Pontal Sul Irrigation Scheme.   Keywords: irrigation, agricultural planning, water use.

Future Climatic Patterns and Sustainability of Current Cropping Patterns in a Water-Scarce River Basin of Eastern India 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaranika Mahapatra ◽  
Madan Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Water Scarce

<p>Agricultural sector, being the largest consumer of water is greatly affected by climatic variability and disasters. Most parts of the world already face an enormous challenge in meeting competitive and conflicting multi-sector water demands. Climate change has further exacerbated this challenge by putting the sustainability of current cropping patterns and irrigation practices in question. For ensuring climate-resilient food production, it is crucial to examine the patterns of the projected climate and potential impacts on the agricultural sector at a basin scale. Hence, this study was carried out for an already water-scarce basin, Rushikulya River basin (RRB), located in the coastal region of eastern India. The bias-corrected NorESM2-MM general circulation model of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6 (CMIP6) was used in this study under four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSPs) scenarios, namely SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585. The projected climatic parameters and crop water demands of the basin were analyzed assuming existing cropping pattern in the future. Analysis of the results reveals a significant and rapid increase in the temperature at a rate of 0.02-0.5ºC/year during 2026-2100 under all SSPs except SSP126, whereas the rainfall is expected to increase slightly during 2026-2100 as compared to the baseline period (1990-2016), especially in the far future (2076-2100) under all the SSPs. In contrast, monsoon rainfall is predicted to decrease under SSP245 and SSP370, while a slight increase in the monsoon rainfall is evident under SSP126 and SSP585. Although the rainy days will decrease slightly in the future 25-year time window, the number of heavy rainfall events is predicted to increase by two to three times. Also, retrospective analysis of rainfall and evapotranspiration suggested an existence of rainfall deficit (rainfall-evapotranspiration) in the basin throughout the year, except during July to September. The rainfall deficit in the basin during 2026-2100 is found to remain more or less same in the non-monsoon season, except for the month of October under SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios where deficit increases by two folds. Rainfall is expected to be in surplus by 4 to 5 times higher under all SSPs except for SSP245. As to the evapotranspiration, an insignificant increasing trend is observed under future climatic condition with only 2 to 4% rise in the crop water demand compared to the baseline period. As the basin is already water stressed during most months in a year under baseline and future climatic conditions, continuing the current practice of monsoon paddy dominant cultivation in the basin will further aggravate this situation. The results of this study will be helpful in formulating sustainable irrigation plans and adaptation measures to address climate-induced water stress in the basin.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Climate change; CMIP6; SSP; Monsoon rainfall; Temperature; Crop water demand.</p>

Impact of climate change on surface water availability and crop water demand for the sub-watershed of Abbay Basin, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1859-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Ademe Bekele ◽  
Santosh Murlidhar Pingale ◽  
Samuel Dagalo Hatiye ◽  
Alemayehu Kasaye Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Crop Water Demand

scholarly journals Changes in Climatic Water Availability and Crop Water Demand for Iraq Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem A. Salman ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Shiru ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Crop Water Demand

Decreases in climatic water availability (CWA) and increases in crop water demand (CWD) in the background of climate change are a major concern in arid regions because of less water availability and higher irrigation requirements for crop production. Assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in CWA and CWD is important for the adaptation of irrigated agriculture to climate change for such regions. The recent changes in CWA and CWD during growing seasons of major crops have been assessed for Iraq where rapid changes in climate have been noticed in recent decades. Gridded precipitation of the global precipitation climatology center (GPCC) and gridded temperature of the climate research unit (CRU) having a spatial resolution of 0.5°, were used for the estimation of CWA and CWD using simple water balance equations. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test and one of its modified versions which can consider long-term persistence in time series, were used to estimate trends in CWA for the period 1961–2013. In addition, the changes in CWD between early (1961–1990) and late (1984–2013) periods were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank test. The results revealed a deficit in water in all the seasons in most of the country while a surplus in the northern highlands in all the seasons except summer was observed. A significant reduction in the annual amount of CWA at a rate of −1 to −13 mm/year was observed at 0.5 level of significance in most of Iraq except in the north. Decreasing trends in CWA in spring (−0.4 to −1.8 mm/year), summer (−5.0 to −11 mm/year) and autumn (0.3 to −0.6 mm/year), and almost no change in winter was observed. The CWA during the growing season of summer crop (millet and sorghum) was found to decrease significantly in most of Iraq except in the north. The comparison of CWD revealed an increase in agricultural water needs in the late period (1984–2013) compared to the early period (1961–1990) by 1.0–8.0, 1.0–14, 15–30, 14–27 and 0.0–10 mm for wheat, barley, millet, sorghum and potato, respectively. The highest increase in CWD was found in April, October, June, June and April for wheat, barley, millet, sorghum and potato, respectively.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century – Part 1: Global water supply and demand under extreme radiative forcing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3327-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hejazi ◽  
J. Edmonds ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
P. Kyle ◽  
E. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and a global population of 14 billion by 2095, global annual water demand grows from about 9–10% of total annual renewable freshwater in 2005 to about 32–37% by 2095. This results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Regionally, the demand for water exceeds the amount of water availability in two GCAM regions, the Middle East and India. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). This study implies an increasingly prominent role for water in future human decisions, and highlights the importance of including water in integrated assessment of global change.

scholarly journals Analisis Ketersediaan Air DAS Sausu Untuk Kebutuhan Air Pada D.I. Sausu Bawah, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
W. Andita ◽  
S. Lipu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Maximum Water

This study aims to grasp and analyze the water availability in Sausu Watershed and the need of water in Lower Sausu Irrigation Scheme. The research begins with data collection and hydro-climatological analysis to determine whether the water is enough or not enough to be used during a hydrological period. To obtain the comparison between the needs and availability of water, a hydro-climatological analysis and calculation of water need are carried out. Methods that used namely the Penman Modification method and the F.J Mock method. Penman modification method is used to calculate monthly evapotranspiration (ETo) by taking into account climatological factors such as air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity. By applying the F.J.Mock method for calculating the water availability, the amount of water flow from the rain, characteristics of the drainage area and evapotranspiration can be calculated. Based on the results of data analysis for Sausu watershed area of 568.64 km², it shows that the average value of water availability in the lower intake for 1 year is app. 30.19 m³/sec with the maximum value of app. 48.149 m3/sec and the minimum is app. 4.134 m3/sec. Whereas the maximum water demand in the Lower Sausu irrigation scheme is app. 1.77 m³/sec with the minimum of 0.04 m3 /sec and the average is app. 0.49 m3/sec. It can be concluded that the water availability in the Sausu River Basin is sufficient to meet the water needs of the Lower Sausu Irrigation Scheme throughout the year, or there is a continuous surplus.

scholarly journals Water availability, water demand, and reliability of in situ water harvesting in smallholder rain-fed agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 4919-4959 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Andersson ◽  
A. J. B. Zehnder ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt ◽  
H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Water Productivity

Abstract. Water productivity in smallholder rain-fed agriculture is of key interest for food and livelihood security. A frequently advocated approach to enhance water productivity is to adopt water harvesting and conservation technologies (WH). This study estimates water availability for in situ WH and supplemental water demands (SWD) in smallholder agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa. It incorporates process dynamics governing runoff generation and crop water demands, an explicit account of the reliability of in situ WH, and uncertainty considerations. The agro-hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was calibrated and evaluated with the SUFI-2 algorithm against observed crop yield and discharge in the basin. The water availability was based on the generated surface runoff in smallholder areas. The SWD was derived from a scenario where crop water deficits were met from an unlimited external water source. The reliability was calculated as the percentage of years in which the water availability ≥ the SWD. It reflects the risks of failure induced by the temporal variability in these factors. The results show that the smallholder crop water productivity is low in the basin (spatiotemporal median: 0.08–0.22 kg m−3, 95% prediction uncertainty band (95PPU). Water is available for in situ WH (spatiotemporal median: 0–17 mm year−1, 95PPU) which may aid in enhancing the crop water productivity by meeting some of the SWD (spatiotemporal median: 0–113 mm year−1, 95PPU). However, the reliability of in situ WH is highly location specific and overall rather low. Of the 1850 km2 of smallholder lands, 20–28% display a reliability ≥25%, 13–16% a reliability ≥50%, and 4–5% a reliability ≥75% (95PPU). This suggests that the risk of failure of in situ WH is relatively high in many areas of the basin.

scholarly journals Water Allocation Based on Economic Criteria Using Aquarius Model (A Case Study in Ambang-Brantas subbasin, Indonesia)

Agromet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
I Putu Santikayasa ◽  
. Agis ◽  
Siti Maesaroh
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Promising Tool

<p>The use of economic approach on water allocation are inclusively becoming integrated on water resource management. Competing among water users is expected to escalate due to increasing water demand despite of limited water availability. This research used economic approach aiming to optimize water allocation in Ambang-Brantas subbasin, Malang, and to calculate the total benefit for different sectors of allocated water. We distinguished two scenarios (2012–2015 and 2016–2035) to reflect the existing and the future water allocation. We modelled the water allocation with the Aquarious application. In this subbasin, three main sectors of water users were identified i.e. domestic, agriculture, and industries. The results showed that the agricultural sector was the highest water demand compared to other sectors. This finding was consistent both monthly and annually. Our findings revealed that industries sector show the maximum benefit per unit water used. Based on the scenario, either a decreasing water availability by 10% or an increasing water demand by 10% will decline the total benefit by 44%. If we increase the scenario to 20% it will reduce the total benefit until 71%. This modelling exercise using Aquarius application shows that the model is a promising tool for water resource management with integration of economic approach.</p>

scholarly journals Development of a Hydrologic and Water Allocation Model to Assess Water Availability in the Sabor River Basin (Portugal)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maria Bessa Santos ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes ◽  
Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Water Allocation Model

The Sabor River basin is a large basin (3170 km2) located in the northeast of Portugal and used mostly for agroforestry. One problem this basin faces is a lack of water during the dry season, when there is a higher demand for water to irrigate crops. To solve this problem, the Portuguese government created a National Irrigation Program to finance new irrigation areas and improve existing ones. Consequently, it is necessary to evaluate the past and future water availability for agricultural and domestic consumption in the basin. This was done through the development of a hydrological and water allocation model. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model the hydrological processes that took place in the catchment between 1960 and 2008. The MIKE HYDRO Basin was used to simulate water allocation (irrigation and domestic consumption) in a historical view and under two scenarios. The historical view used the time period 1960–2008, and the two scenarios used the same time period but with an increase in the irrigated area. The first scenario simulated the irrigation of the total irrigable area that exists in the basin. The second scenario simulated a 29% increase in the olive grove area and a 24% decrease in the resident population, according to the projection for 2060. The results show that, in the historical view, the average annual water demand deficit was 31% for domestic consumption and 70% for irrigation, which represent 1372 × 103 m3 and 94 × 106 m3 of water, respectively. In the two scenarios, the water demand deficit increased to 37% for domestic consumption and 77% for irrigation. In the first scenario, the average annual water demand deficit was 183 × 106 m3 of water for irrigation. In the second scenario, the average annual water demand deficit was 385 × 103 m3 of water for domestic consumption, and 106 × 106 m3 of water for irrigating the expanded olive grove area. These results demonstrate that Portuguese farmers can use our model as a decision support tool to determine how much water needs to be stored to meet the present and future water demand.

scholarly journals Infrastructure sufficiency in meeting water demand under climate-induced socio-hydrological transition in the urbanizing Capibaribe River basin – Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3449-3459 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ribeiro Neto ◽  
C. A. Scott ◽  
E. A. Lima ◽  
S. M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
J. A. Cirilo
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Physics Ensemble ◽  
Hadley Centre ◽  
Ipcc Sres ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract. Water availability for a range of human uses will increasingly be affected by climate change, especially in the arid and semiarid tropics. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the infrastructure sufficiency in meeting water demand under climate-induced socio-hydrological transition in the Capibaribe River basin (CRB). The basin has experienced spatial and sectoral (agriculture-to-urban) reconfiguration of water demands. Human settlements that were once dispersed, relying on intermittent sources of surface water, are now larger and more spatially concentrated, which increases water-scarcity effects. Based on the application of linked hydrologic and water-resources models using precipitation and temperature projections of the IPCC SRES (Special Report: Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario, a reduction in rainfall of 26.0% translated to streamflow reduction of 60.0%. We used simulations from four members of the HadCM3 (UK Met Office Hadley Centre) perturbed physics ensemble, in which a single model structure is used and perturbations are introduced to the physical parameterization schemes in the model (Chou et al., 2012). We considered that the change of the water availability in the basin in the future scenarios must drive the water management and the development of adaptation strategies that will manage the water demand. Several adaptive responses are considered, including water-loss reductions, wastewater collection and reuse, and rainwater collection cisterns, which together have potential to reduce future water demand by 23.0%. This study demonstrates the vulnerabilities of the infrastructure system during socio-hydrological transition in response to hydroclimatic and demand variabilities in the CRB and also indicates the differential spatial impacts and vulnerability of multiple uses of water to changes over time. The simulations showed that the measures proposed and the water from interbasin transfer project of the São Francisco River had a positive impact over the water supply in the basin, mainly for human use. Industry and irrigation will suffer impact unless other measures are implemented for demand control.

Blockwise assessment of crop evapotranspiration in central Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmanjot Kaur ◽  
Sanjay Satpute ◽  
Amina Raheja
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Systematic Planning ◽  
Riparian State ◽  
Modern Technologies

Punjab, the major riparian State, has a limited share in its three perennial rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas). A systematic planning of groundwater exploitation using modern technologies needs to be adopted for the proper utilization and management of groundwater resource. The present study was aimed to estimate the blockwise crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during kharif and rabi season in Central Punjab and to develop a GIS based maps of crop evapotranspiration. The results revealed that the blocks namely Makhu and Zira of Ferozepur district had the maximum (747 mm) crop water demand whereas block Fatehgarh Churian of Gurdaspur district had the least (445 mm) crop water demand. The outcome of the study revealed that crop water demand varies from 450 mm to 750 mm in kharif and rabi season in Central Punjab. The ETc maps derived in the study were useful in determining areas with highest water demands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document