scholarly journals Color characteristics of the blazar S5 0716+714 under geometrical origin of the long-term variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gorbachev ◽  
◽  
M. S. Butuzova ◽  
S. V. Nazarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Amplification Coefficient ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
Doppler Factor ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Radiation Amplification

The optical radiation of the blazar S5 0716+714 is formed within its ultrarelativistic jet in a compact region located near the true origin of the jet. Assuming that the variability is formed only by changing the relativistic radiation amplification coefficient (Doppler factor) for some part of the emitting region and that the spectrum of the emitting region, characterized by a power law at the observed frequencies, has a turn-over at lower frequencies, caused by synchrotron self-absorption, we analyze the archival data of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of B-, V-, R-, I-photometry of the blazar S5 0716+714 from 2002 to 2019. An explanation for the observed change in the color index during the blazar S5 0716+714 variability without changes in the physical parameters of the source was obtained.

scholarly journals The Be/X-ray binary LS 992/RX J0812.4-3114: Physical parameters and long-term variability

2001 ◽  
Vol 367 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reig ◽  
I. Negueruela ◽  
D. A. H. Buckley ◽  
M. J. Coe ◽  
J. Fabregat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameters ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Intention, Principle, Outputs and Aims of the Experimental Pavilion Research of Building Envelopes Including Windows for Wooden Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Štaffenová ◽  
Ján Rybárik ◽  
Miroslav Jakubčík
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Time Period

AbstractThe aim of experimental research in the area of exterior walls and windows suitable for wooden buildings was to build special pavilion laboratories. These laboratories are ideally isolated from the surrounding environment, airtight and controlled by the constant internal climate. The principle of experimental research is measuring and recording of required physical parameters (e.g. temperature or relative humidity). This is done in layers of experimental fragment sections in the direction from exterior to interior, as well as in critical places by stable interior and real exterior climatic conditions. The outputs are evaluations of experimental structures behaviour during the specified time period, possibly during the whole year by stable interior and real exterior boundary conditions. The main aim of this experimental research is processing of long-term measurements of experimental structures and the subsequent analysis. The next part of the research consists of collecting measurements obtained with assistance of the experimental detached weather station, analysis, evaluation for later setting up of reference data set for the research locality, from the point of view of its comparison to the data sets from Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU) and to localities with similar climate conditions. Later on, the data sets could lead to recommendations for design of wooden buildings.

CSF Pulse Pressure and B Waves

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Czosnyka ◽  
Marek Czosnyka ◽  
John D. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulse Pressure Method ◽  
Fine Print

Abstract Object. The appearance of numerous B waves during intracranial pressure (ICP) registration in patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome (IAHS) is considered to predict good outcome after shunt surgery. The aim of this study was to describe which physical parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system B-waves reflect and to find a method that could replace long-term B-wave analysis. Methods. Ten patients with IAHS were subjected to long-term registration of ICP and a lumbar constant-pressure infusion test. The B-wave presence, CSF outflow resistance (Rout), and relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC) were assessed using computerized analysis. The RPPC was introduced as a parameter reflecting the joint effect of elastance and pulsatory volume changes on ICP and was determined by relating ICP pulse amplitudes to mean ICP. Conclusions. The B-wave presence on ICP registration correlates strongly with RPPC (r = 0.91, p < 0.001, 10 patients) but not with CSF Rout. This correlation indicates that B waves—like RPPC—primarily reflect the ability of the CSF system to reallocate and store liquid rather than absorb it. The RPPC-assessing lumbar short-term CSF pulse pressure method could replace the intracranial long-term B-wave analysis.

Earthquake ruptures tied to long-lived plate interface deformation 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadaya Cubas ◽  
Philippe Agard ◽  
Roxane Tissandier
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Interface Deformation ◽  
Earthquake Hazard Assessment ◽  
Interseismic Coupling ◽  
Rate And State Friction

&lt;p&gt;Predicting the spatial extent of mega-earthquakes is an essential ingredient of earthquake hazard assessment. In subduction zones, this prediction mostly relies on geodetic observations of interseismic coupling. However, such models face spatial resolution issues and are of little help to predict full or partial ruptures of highly locked patches. Coupling models are interpreted in the framework of the rate-and-state friction laws. However, these models are too idealized to take into account the effects of a geometrically or rheologically complex plate interface. In this study, we show, from the critical taper theory and a mechanical analysis of the topography, that all recent mega-earthquakes of the Chilean subduction zone are surrounded by distributed interplate deformation emanating from either underplating or basal erosion. This long-lived plate interface deformation builds up stresses ultimately leading to earthquake nucleation. Earthquakes then propagate along a relatively smooth surface and are stopped by segments of heterogeneously distributed deformation. Our results are consistent with long-term features of the subduction margin, with observed short-term deformation as well as physical parameters of recovered subducted fragments. They also provide an explanation for the apparent mechanical segmentation of the megathrust, reconciling many seemingly contradictory observations on the short- and long-term deformation. Consequently, we propose that earthquake segmentation relates to the distribution of deformation along the plate interface and that slip deficit patterns reflect the along-dip and along-strike distribution of the plate interface deformation. Topography would therefore mirror plate interface deformation and could serve to improve earthquake rupture prediction.&lt;/p&gt;

A Theory of Partial Property Rights and the Illusion of State-Owned Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Great Risk ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
The State ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Partial Property ◽  
Turn Over

Abstract China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) enjoy many special benefits. They do not turn over profits and rents to the state, they pay much less interests than other enterprises in their use of capital, they enjoy monopolistic power in the marketplace, incomes of SOE employees, including managers, are free of policy restrictions. Because these substantial interests are not transferrable to individuals, competition exists for them. Compared with executives of private enterprise, senior managers of SOEs are 94 times more likely of being convicted of a crime. High benefits enjoyed by senior managers of SOEs come with a great risk. Once the illusion of SOEs is punctured, SOE leaders with higher education and long-term visions may become the driving force of SOE reform.

Polar  Stratospheric Clouds detection at Belgrano II Antarctic station from DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gómez Martín ◽  
Daniel Toledo ◽  
Margarita Yela ◽  
Cristina Prados-Román ◽  
José Antonio Adame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ground-based zenith DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) measurements have been used to detect and estimate the altitude of PSCs over Belgrano II Antarctic station during the polar sunrise seasons of 2018 and 2019. The method used in this work studies the evolution of the color index (CI) during twilights. The CI has been defined here as the ratio of the recorded signal at 520 and 420 nm. In the presence of PSCs, the CI shows a maximum at a given solar zenith angle (SZA). The value of such SZA depends on the altitude of the PSC. By using a spherical Monte Carlo radiative transfer model (RTM), the method has been validated and a function relating the SZA of the CI maximum and the PSC altitude has been calculated. Model simulations also show that PSCs can be detected and their altitude can be estimated even in presence of optically thin tropospheric clouds or aerosols. Our results are in good agreement with the stratospheric temperature evolution obtained through the ERA5 data reanalysis from the global meteorological model ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) and the PSCs observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol-Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The methodology used in this work could also be applied to foreseen and/or historical measurements obtained with ground-based spectrometers such e. g. the DOAS instruments dedicated to trace gas observation in Arctic and Antarctic sites. This would also allow to investigate the presence and long-term evolution of PSCs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;Polar stratospheric clouds; color index; radiative transfer model; visible spectroscopy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Prediction of Hydraulic Conductivity of Fly Ash Built-in Mineral Sealing Layers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Sealing Layer ◽  
Compaction Method

Mineral barrier protects the groundwater and soil from contamination by insulating the leakage of harmful substances from landfill. One of the most important parameters, which decides about usefulness of material to built-in sealing layers, is hydraulic conductivity. Researchers have conducted investigations with the possibility of utilising fly ash as a mineral sealing layer material, which is justified by its low permeability and other properties. It is known that laboratory tests of hydraulic conductivity are often long-term and require expensive equipment. Therefore, to avoid this, researchers trying to assess permeability of tested material with empirical or semi empirical formulas. The aim of the paper is to compare the results of hydraulic conductivity of fly ash obtained from the laboratory tests and from estimation using different empirical formulas. Fly ash was compacted by the Standard Proctor compaction method at the optimum moisture content. The results obtained from empirical equations were variable. It was observed that the Kozeny-Carman formula and other, based on a few physical parameters of the soil, gave better results in prediction of hydraulic conductivity of fly ash than equations based on only one parameter.

scholarly journals Long-term observations of pulsars in the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
A. Ridolfi ◽  
P. C. C. Freire ◽  
M. Kramer ◽  
C. G. Bassa ◽  
F. Camilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Spin Period ◽  
Emission Beam ◽  
System Geometry

AbstractMulti-decade observing campaigns of the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15 have led to an outstanding number of discoveries. Here, we report on the latest results of the long-term observations of the pulsars in these two clusters. For most of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae we have measured, among other things, their higher-order spin period derivatives, which have in turn provided stringent constraints on the physical parameters of the cluster, such as its distance and gravitational potential. For M15, we have studied the relativistic spin precession effect in PSR B2127+11C. We have used full-Stokes observations to model the precession effect, and to constrain the system geometry. We find that the visible beam of the pulsar is swiftly moving away from our line of sight and may very soon become undetectable. On the other hand, we expect to see the opposite emission beam sometime between 2041 and 2053.

scholarly journals Correlated Spectroscopic and Spectrophotometric Behaviours of Be Stars

2000 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 514-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moujtahid ◽  
A.M. Hubert ◽  
J. Zorec ◽  
D. Ballereau ◽  
J. Chauville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Circumstellar Envelopes ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurements

AbstractCorrelations between long-term spectrophotometric and optical spectroscopic variations are investigated in some Be stars. Using spectrophotometric variations as a function of time and a compilation of spectroscopic measurements, we investigated temporal variations of emission and shell line parameters. In some cases time lags between spectroscopic and spectrophotmetric variations could be estimated. We could not find precise relations between the spectroscopic and spectrophotometric behaviours, but a number of tendencies could be derived which give information on physical parameters of circumstellar envelopes in Be stars.

WEIGHT AND LENGTH AT BIRTH OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

SUMMARY Birth weight and length of 122 surviving babies of diabetics, born in Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 1926–1947, was compared to a control group of 122 infants of non-diabetics (matched controls). The groups were comparable, especially as to foetal age and parity of the mother, severe complications in the mothers, etc. The average foetal age was 261 days (range 237–301). The average weight and length for the infants of non-diab. controls was 3045 gm. and 49.5 cm., for infants of diabetics 3600 gm. and 51.0 cm. Thus on average infants of diabetics weigh 550 gm. more and are 1.5 cm. longer than are infants of non-diab. Differences of the same magnitude were found in primiparae and in multiparae with and without obesity. The frequency distribution curves for weight and length are nearly normal, but placed at higher levels than are those of non-diab. infants. Diabetics get big and small infants as others, but the whole population is bigger than that of non-diabetics' infants. There is an actual overgrowth. In a personal series from 1946–1953 75 infants of long-term treated (1. t.) were compared to 91 infants of short-term treated (sh. t.) diabetics. The foetal age was 237 days or more, on average 260 days. Average weight and length for 1. t. infants was 3380 gm. and 50.5 cm., for sh. t. 3570 gm. and 51.3 cm. Thus the 1. t. infants on average weighed 190 gm. less and were 0.8 cm. shorter than sh. t. infants. So far these differences are not statistically significant, but an inverse correlation between the length of the last consecutive stay of the mother in Department B and the infants' weight and length could be demon I. Published in extenso in Acta endocrinol. 16, 330, 1954. strated. As the length of stay increases, weight and length decreases. This indicates the differences found to be due to the length of our treatment. As there is a positive correlation between the maternal pregnancy level of blood sugar (foetal glucose supply) during the last 6–7 weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight and length of infants of non-diabetic controls, 1. t. and sh. t. diabetics, the maternal pregnancy level may play a part of its own for the differences found in weight and length of the infants in these 3 groups. The maternal blood sugar level may influence weight and length of the infants directly (foetal glucose consumption) but also indirectly (foetal insulin turn-over rising with a rising supply of glucose), as foetal insulin may act as a growth stimulating factor.

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