scholarly journals Connectivity of regional systems of consumer goods reproduction

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Venera M. Timiryanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Level Data ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Global And Local

Relevance. The question of how to achieve a more stable economic reproduction and how to expand it is of prime importance as reproduction determines the development of the whole economic system. Due to the constant economic transformations and the so-called 'networkization' of many processes, more research is needed into the spatial organization of reproduction, in particular the intraregional and interregional relationships between its elements. Research objective. This study aims at showing the spatial connections between phases of reproduction on the regional and municipal levels. Data and methods. The study relies on tools and methods of spatial econometric modelling, which includes calculations of univariate and bivariate global and local Moran's indices and diagrams of their dispersion. We constructed an adjacency matrix for Russian regions and municipalities. Overall, our study uses the data on 2,337 municipalities in 84 Russian regions. Results. It was found that the phase of consumption followed by the phases of distribution and exchange have the highest degree of connectivity. Spatial connectivity between the phases was the most pronounced in the case of retail trade and consumption and was much weaker in the case of wholesale trade and production. The analysis of the municipal-level data has revealed some previously undetected relationships between peripheral areas located near regional borders. Conclusions. In this study, we consider reproduction as a spatially organized economic system with interconnected, territorially dependent phases. Such approach provides us with new insights into the ongoing processes in the national economic space.

scholarly journals Spatial-territorial factors of economic growth in the Russian Federation

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Rustem R. Akhunov ◽  
◽  
Azat V. Yangirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. In contemporary economic research, the study of the diversity of factors of national economic growth is gaining more and more significance, particularly with regard to the so-called 'spatial-territorial factors'. In contrast to the existing concepts of regional and spatial economy, the approach described in this paper is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to accelerate national economic growth. It can be done by stimulating extended economic reproduction on the subnational level, that is, on the level of relatively independent and self-contained spatial and administrative units such as regions of the Russian Federation, municipalities, agglomerations, etc. Research objective. The study aims to propose a decomposition of the economic growth rates in Russia by territorial units and to describe the spatial-territorial factors of national economic growth. Data and methods. To characterize the spatial-territorial factors, we used indices of the physical volume of gross regional product (GRP) and gross value added (GVA) in types of economic activities in Russian regions in percentage to the previous year for the period of 2013-2018. The types of economic activities were specified according to the Russian Classifier of Economic Activities of 2007 (OKVED) (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community - NACE Rev. 1.1 (2013-2016)) and OKVED-2 (NACE Rev.2 (2017-2018)). Results. We estimated the contributions of Russian regions to national economic growth by analyzing the data on the key types of economic activities in a 6-year period (2013-2018). We also identified the regions which accounted for the largest losses in economic growth, on the one hand, and those which, on the other hand, acted as drivers of the country's economic development. Conclusion. There is a small number of regions lagging in terms of GRP and their influence on the national rates of economic growth is also insignificant. The general rates of GRP decline in a region are determined, first and foremost, by the sluggish growth in those types of economic activities that have the largest share in GRP. The number and share of the regions which demonstrate extended economic reproduction, that is, deliver at least 2% growth a year, are also quite small. These regions make up slightly more than 19% of the country's GRP. The largest group of regions comprises those regions that do not go beyond the simple reproduction (their growth rates are less than 2% a year), while their share in the country's GRP exceeds 74%. The so-called ‘heavyweights’ - regions accounting for the largest share in the country's total GRP - have the strongest effect on the national rates of economic growth, hindering it. It is the economic structure of these regions that has the biggest influence on the country's performance in such types of economic activities as wholesale and retail trade and maintenance and repair of motor vehicles. Sadly, it is in these sectors that the 'heavyweights' demonstrate the largest losses in GVA. As a result, these sectors suffer the most, which is bound to be reflected in the country's overall economic growth.

KONSTITUSI EKONOMI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-74
Author(s):  
Syaugi Syaugi
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Economic Ideology

    As a constitution, the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 regulates how the national economic system should be arranged and developed. In the perspective of constitution, the implementation of sharia economy does not mean the state directs a particular economic ideology. Philosophically, the ideals of Indonesian economic law is to initiate and prepare the legal concept of economic life. Shariah economy has a strong foundation both formally shariah and formallyconstitution. Formally shariah means the existence of shariah economy has a strong foundation in Indonesian legal system. Formally constitution means, in the context of the state, Shariah economy has a constitutional basis. The existence of laws relating to shariah economy shows that the Indonesian economic system givesa place to the shariah economy.

THE ROLE OF URBAN DESIGN IN TOKYO’S SHRINKING PERIPHERAL AREAS: THE CASE OF TAMA NEW TOWN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Capitanio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
New Town ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Peripheral Areas

The aging of Japanese society will inevitably restructure Tokyo’s spatial organization in the coming decades. Population loss will manifest itself unevenly, being most dramatic in peripheral areas—where ca. 87% of Greater Tokyo Area’s population lives—triggering a gradual spatial restructuring. Several scholars have tackled this issue from a geographical and planning perspective. From an architect’s viewpoint, such researches build a theoretical foundation upon which a more concrete investigation should be done, since the question of how liveability at the architectural and urban design scale could be tackled remains an open one. This paper focuses on one representative case study: Tama New Town, some 30km west of Tokyo Station. The emphasis is on four liveability factors relating to urban morphology, embedded in a wider socio-economic context: density/compactness, diversity of uses, walkability and green/water space. The significance of the research is threefold. On a theoretical level, we have assessed how urban design physical factors impact liveability in Tokyo’s peripheral areas. On a methodological level, we have tested workable methods that can be used by architects and urban designers to analyze neighborhood liveability in both quantitative and qualitative terms. On a practical level, we have provided new data and information about Tama New Town for the use of local municipalities and groups, suggesting strategies to address existing problems and highlighting potentials to be exploited.

scholarly journals Raising the Barcode Scanner: Technology and Productivity in the Retail Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emek Basker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Network Externalities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Grocery Industry ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Short Run

Barcodes and barcode scanners transformed the grocery industry in the 1970s. I use store-level data from the 1972, 1977, and 1982 Census of Retail Trade, matched to data on store scanner installations, to estimate scanners' effect on labor productivity. I find that scanners increased a store's labor productivity, on average, by approximately 4.5 percent in the first few years. The effect was larger in stores carrying more packaged products, consistent with the presence of network externalities. Short-run gains were small relative to fixed costs, suggesting that the impediment to widespread adoption of the new technology was profitability, not coordination problems. (JEL J24, L24, L81, O33)

ON THE OPTIMAL CONTROL OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
K. L. Teo ◽  
L. T. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Economic System ◽  
National Economic

The Rôle and Management of the Federal Statistical System

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
The Press ◽  
National Economic

The profusion of American statistics is a frequent source of astonishment to statisticians of other nations. Statistics are assembled and published by official agencies at all levels of government; by trade and industrial associations; by individual business concerns; by the church, universities, and the press; by professional research organizations; by a multitude of societies and associations with innumerable aims and programs; and sometimes by the plain citizen himself. Collectively, the statistical activities of the nation comprise a system in the same sense that the activities of four and one-half million business units comprise a national economic system.There is, in fact, a functional relationship between the national statistical system and the socio-economic order of which it is a part. The primary functions of social and economic statistics are to illuminate practical problems, to assist in the determination of policies, and to aid in arriving at administrative decisions. No sharp line can be drawn in these respects between public and private affairs. Statistics find their raison d'etre as tools, to be used by public officials and by all manner of private interests, and in each case to make some part of the socio-economic system work more effectively.

scholarly journals COVID CRISIS AND TOURISM EVOLUTION IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: ADAPT TO REALITIES OR REINVENT THE FUTURE?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vasile Andrei ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Cristina Drăgoi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Synoptic Analysis ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Multiplicative Effects

The health crisis has exerted a significant pressure on the global economic system, implicitly on the evolution of tourism, value chain creation and supply chains, generating shocks on various national economic sectors. In this context, the objective of the paper is to make a brief synoptic analysis on the evolution of the tourism sector in some EU countries. Two periods of time were considered - before the onset of the pandemic (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (in 2020). The results of the analysis confirm the specific trends of reducing the multiplicative effects that tourism has on the economy as well as the decrease, even contracting of the sector, a phenomenon identified through specific analyzed indicators.

1992: Recasting the European Bargain

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Sandholtz ◽  
John Zysman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Under the banner of “1992,” the European Communities aim to remove all barriers to the movement of persons, capital, and goods among the member countries. The 1992 movement comprises a set of bargains among European elites. Structural change (relative U.S. decline and Japanese ascent) provoked a rethinking of European roles and interests. The 1992 project emerged as a response because of: (1) the policy leadership exercised by the Commission of the European Communities, with support from a transnational business coalition; and (2) a changed domestic political context in several key countries—specifically, the failure of previous national economic strategies and the transformation of the left. The changes under way will alter regional business competition and politics and will affect the world economic system.

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