scholarly journals Perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 4567
Author(s):  
O. T. Kim ◽  
V. A. Dadaeva ◽  
A. I. Korolev ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active regulator of vascular homeostasis. In physiological conditions, it maintains normal function of vessels, releasing antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilating biologically active substances. Dysfunctional PVAT secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, which play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This review considers the PVAT function in health and disease, its contribution to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic aneurysm and vasculitis. In addition, novel methods of non-invasive PVAT assessment and potential strategies for targeted treatment of cardiovascular diseases are presented.

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 23-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso ◽  
Beatriz Somoza ◽  
Dmitry Tsvetkov ◽  
Artur Kuczmanski ◽  
Mick Dashwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Health And Disease

Modern concepts of the adipose tissue effect on bone metabolism regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
N. Yu. KRUTIKOVA ◽  
◽  
A. S. EFREMENKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Active Substances

At present, it has been proved that adipose tissue, in addition to storing energy, is a complex hormonally active organ. Biological active substances secreted by adipose tissue, entering the general circulation, have a variety of metabolic effects, interact with various organs and systems, in particular with bone tissue, and participate in maintaining the constancy of the body internal environment. A number of hormones secreted by adipose tissue are well studied, such as leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, etc., others require further research in order to study their effects on various organs and systems. The published data suggest the multidirectional effect of biologically active substances on bone metabolism. The biological activity of hormones can be increased or decreased when interacting with receptors and/or binding proteins. Lack or excess of adipose tissue leads to various metabolic disorders and a shift in the dynamic balance of the constancy of the internal environment of the body.

Biological role and clinical significance of neuropeptides in pediatrics: peptide YY and ghrelin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
◽  
V.A. Ayrumov ◽  
N.O. Shvedkina ◽  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
Active Substances

The increasing prevalence of alimentary obesity necessitates the search for its causes. In addition to eating disorders, other factors were found to affect lipid metabolism, including genetic predisposition, adipose tissue hormones, neurohormones, and digestive tract hormones regulating hunger and satiety, such as peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin. This literature review focuses on these biologically active substances and their physiological and pathophysiological role. Key words: obesity, peptide, ghrelin

R437 – Sonotubometry With Perfect Sequences in Pathologic Ears

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P190-P191
Author(s):  
Ercole F. N. Di Martino ◽  
Deyan Asenov ◽  
Viorel Emanoil Nath ◽  
Aulis Telle ◽  
Peter Vary
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Perfect Sequences ◽  
Group B

Problem Sonotubometry is a non-invasive method for the evaluation of Eustachian Tube (ET) function. Perfect Sequences (PSQE) allow monitoring the ET under physiologic conditions in healthy ears. This study investigates the use of this new approach in pathologic ears. Methods Forty individuals were examined. Group A: n=20 individuals (40 normal ears). Group B: n= 11 patients (16 ears) with acute/subacute ET dysfunction. Group C: n=9 patients with chronic problems requiring tympanoplasty. Sonotubometry was performed before and after operation. As opening maneuvers, yawning, dry swallowing, water swallowing, and Toynbee were employed. Results In group A an ET opening was seen in 77.06% maneuvers and in all patients. The median amplitude (A) of sound increase was 16.64 dB, the duration of the openings (D) was 365 ms. In group B these values were 34.39%, A = 9.27 dB, D=311 ms before and 72.26%, A= 19.51 dB and D=329 ms after operation (myringotomy/tympanostomy). Group C showed openings in 33.83% with A=9.78dB and D=365 ms. There was no significant change after surgery. Conclusion The comparison between normal ears and acute ET dysfunction shows sonotubometrical a return of the normal function after operation within a week in most ears. The results demonstrate that the findings occur not only due to an improved sound transmission through the dry middle ear but from a recovering ET. The results in Group C show that the ET dysfunction is chronic. Significance Sonotubometry with PSQE is feasible for assessment of ET (dys)function under physiological conditions. It has therefore the potential to open new perspectives on ET monitoring. Support Supported by DFG-grant MA 3917/1-1.

scholarly journals The Influence of Biologically Active Substances Secreted by the Adipose Tissue on Endometrial Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Kaja Michalczyk ◽  
Natalia Niklas ◽  
Małgorzata Rychlicka ◽  
Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological neoplasms in developed countries and its incidence is rising. Usually, it is diagnosed in the early stages of the disease and has a good prognosis; however, in later stages, the rate of recurrence reaches up to 60%. The discrepancy in relapse rates is due to the heterogeneity of the group related to the presence of prognostic factors affecting survival parameters. Increased body weight, diabetes, metabolic disturbances and estrogen imbalance are important factors for the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Even though prognostic factors such as histopathological grade, clinical stage, histological type and the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors are well known in endometrial cancer, the search for novel prognostic biomarkers continues. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ involved in metabolism, immune response and the production of biologically active substances participating in cell growth and differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. In this manuscript, we review the impact of factors secreted by the adipose tissue involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, vaspin, galectins) and factors responsible for homeostasis maintenance, inflammatory processes, angiogenesis and oxidative stress (IL-1β, 6, 8, TNFα, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)) in the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals The role of perivascular adipose tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of diagnosis for assessing the risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
E G Uchasova ◽  
O V Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu A Dyleva ◽  
E V Belik
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Wide Range

Obesity is closely associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Adipose tissue (AT) is identified as a complex endocrine organ, with a wide range of regulatory functions at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. Various terms, including paracardiac, epicardial and pericardial, are used to describe the fatty deposits surrounding the heart. Among all the fat depots, perivascular AT (PVAT) is of great biological significance for the cardiovascular system due to its anatomical proximity to the vessels. Recent studies have shown the presence of a complex, bidirectional paracrine and vasocardial signaling system between the vascular wall and PVAT. In the review, we will discuss the biological role of PVAT in both the physiological state and cardiovascular pathology, emphasizing its dual proatherogenic and antiatherogenic role. Let us consider PVAT as a target for various therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. We will also analyze data on the role of non-invasive techniques as a diagnostic tool for assessing coronary artery inflammation.

scholarly journals ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Vladimir Georgievich Solovyov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Petrovna Kalashnikova ◽  
Lyubov Gennadievna Nikonova ◽  
Margarita Albertovna Gagaro
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Active Substances

Adipose tissue serves not only as a place for the accumulation and storage of triacylglycerides as energy substrates, but also produces many hormone-like substances, mediators, cytokines, chemokines that act at the local and systemic level and aff ect metabolism, regulate tissue sensitivity to insulin, reproductive and the immune system. The review presents the current results of scientifi c research on the problem of the physiological role of biologically active substances produced by adipose tissue and their participation in the development of metabolic disorders.

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