scholarly journals Influence of Lead and Cadmium on Some Physiologic Indices of Allium Cepa

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Oana MARE ROSCA ◽  
Zorica VOSGAN ◽  
Anca DUMUTA ◽  
Mirela CORDEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Yellow Onion

The influence of the two heavy metals (Pb and Cd), in different concentrations, on the seeds germination and roots growing of Allium cepa of the two varieties (yellow onion and red onion), was studied. Sterilized Petri boxes were used; the germination substratum was cotton wool; the seeds were disinfected and wetted in appropriate solutions. For every working variant, 50 seeds of yellow onion and red onion were put in every Petri box. The following variants were used: V 1 - control, distilled water; V 2 - 0.1%Pb acetate; V3 - 0.4%Pb acetate; V4 - 0.1%Cd sulphate; and V5 - 0.4%Cd sulfate. In order to determine the germinative energy, the counting was performed after 5 days and for the germinative faculty after 11 days. The obtained results proved that the germinative energy and the germinative faculty were much more reduced for the red onion than for the yellow onion. As about lead, the best tolerance is that of the yellow onion; and for cadmium, the best tolerance is that of the red onion. The presence of heavy metals in the germination environment determines a reduced growing pace for the roots. By comparison, we may state that the most toxic is lead; for concentrations of 0.4% the roots of the yellow onion appeared only in the 18 th culture day.

scholarly journals Mineral content of different bottled water available in Bangladesh: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
Nargis Jahan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The University

Nine bottled water brands collected from retail shops and food shops beside the University of Dhaka were analyzed for their major and trace element constituents to ascertain their suitability for human consumption. The results obtained were compared with parametric values (PVs) set by European Community Council Directive 98/83/EC and the guideline values (GVs) recommended by WHO. It was found that the majority of the brands tested were low in mineral contents. Moreover, lower values of hardness, TDS and conductivity than the prescribed limits of WHO showed that water was deficient in essential minerals. Minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium were present in some cases in such a low concentration that water seemed to be as good as distilled water. In case of heavy metals, only lead and cadmium were found to be below the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) which indicates bottled water brands are better for drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 7-15, June 2012

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING THE CULINARY PROCESSING OF MUSHROOMS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Oksana Vradiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Copper Lead

The samples of mushrooms were collected in the forestry of the village Tyvriv and the town of Kalynivka, Vinnytsia and Kalynivka districts, in the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies of heavy metals concentration were performed in the scientific agrochemical laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd of the studied mushrooms were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry after the dry mineralization. The research of the effect of culinary processing on the concentration of heavy metals in mushrooms were conducted according to the following scheme: 1. The control: mushrooms, cleaned and washed with tap water; 2. Option 1: mushrooms soaked in tap water for 3 hours and boiled in it; 3. Option 2: mushrooms soaked in the water without mineral residue for 3 hours and boiled in it; 4. Option 3: mushrooms soaked in distilled water for 3 hours and boiled in it. Summarizing the obtained results, it should be noted that the most effective way to reduce the concentration of lead and cadmium in mushrooms was the option of soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue. The most effective way to reduce the concentration of zinc and copper was Option 3, where distilled water was used. The influence of soaking and boiling mushrooms in different types of water is investigated. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in tap water for 3 hours, the concentration of zinc in them was found to decrease from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.0 to 1.2 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.09 to 1.16 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. When soaking and boiling mushrooms in the water without mineral residue, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.01 to 1.04 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.16 to 1.25 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.8 to 2.0 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.75 to 2.0 times. When soaking mushrooms and boiling them in distilled water, the concentration of zinc decreased from 1.13 to 1.18 times, the concentration of copper – from 1.2 to 1.29 times, the concentration of lead – from 1.22 to 1.28 times and the concentration of cadmium – from 1.08 to 1.2 times. Key words: mushrooms, concentration, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, distilled water, water without mineral residue, tap water, boiling of mushrooms.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dierkes ◽  
W. F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

scholarly journals Paper-based electroanalytical devices for stripping analysis of lead and cadmium in children's shoes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41482-41487
Author(s):  
Chen-Chen Zhu ◽  
Ning Bao ◽  
Xiao-Lei Huo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Stripping Analysis ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Potential Sources

Children's shoes are potential sources of toxic heavy metals, especially for younger children.

scholarly journals Relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e039541
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Ji ◽  
Mi Hyeon Jin ◽  
Jung-Hun Kang ◽  
Soon Il Lee ◽  
Suee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Exposure ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between heavy metal exposure and serum ferritin levels, physical measurements and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingChangwon, the location of this study, is a Korean representative industrial city. Data were obtained from medical check-ups between 2002 and 2018.ParticipantsA total of 34 814 male subjects were included. Of them, 1035 subjects with lead exposure, 200 subjects with cadmium exposure and the 33 579 remaining were assigned to cohort A, cohort B and the control cohort, respectively. Data including personal history of alcohol and smoking, age, height, weight, the follow-up duration, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin levels, and lead and cadmium levels within 1 year after exposure were collected.Primary outcome measureIn subjects without diabetes, changes in FBS and HbA1c were analysed through repeated tests at intervals of 1 year or longer after the occupational exposure to heavy metals.ResultsIn Cohort A, DM was diagnosed in 33 subjects. There was a significant difference in lead concentrations between the subjects diagnosed with DM and those without DM during the follow-up period (3.94±2.92 mg/dL vs 2.81±2.03 mg/dL, p=0.002). Simple exposure to heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was not associated with DM in Cox regression models (lead exposure (HR) 1.01, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.77, p 0.971; cadmium exposure HR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.61 to 3.55, p=0.385). Annual changes in FBS according to lead concentration at the beginning of exposure showed a positive correlation (r=0.072, p=0.032).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that simple occupational exposure to heavy metals lead and cadmium was not associated with the incidence of DM. However, lead concentrations at the beginning of the exposure might be an indicator of DM and glucose elevations.

scholarly journals Coal extraction causes sediment toxicity in aquatic environments in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucimaira Amaral de Freitas ◽  
Cassiano Lazarotto Rambo (in memoriam) ◽  
Francini Franscescon ◽  
Antônio Felipe Primon de Barros ◽  
Guilherme Dos Santos De Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Sediment Samples

This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.

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