scholarly journals Studies on the Frequency of Attack Produced by Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldeman in Black Locust Trees from Landscaped Spaces of Cluj-Napoca

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Iuliu ILEA ◽  
Ionuţ Bogdan HULUJAN ◽  
Teodora FLORIAN ◽  
Ion OLTEAN
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Central Park ◽  
The City

Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldeman (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a monophagous species, the host plants being species of the genus Robinia. The species is native to the U.S.A., and in Europe, it was first reported in Italy, in 2003, from where it spread to all European countries. In Romania, it was reported in 2007. The attack of this species is produced by the larval stage and manifests leaves. After hatching, the endophytic and gregarious larvae cause changes in the parenchyma structure that lead to the appearance of characteristic galls located at the edge of the leaflet and rolled towards its lower part. In 2021, we monitored the frequency of attacked acacia leaves, the number of galls reported on a leaflet and the number of larvae in a gala in two locations in Cluj-Napoca: on the acacias in the Central Park of the city and on the acacias in some street alignments. In the case of acacias in Central Park, the frequency of attacked fruits was 15%, and in the case of acacias in the alignment, 7%. On the 50 attacked leaves taken from Central Park, there were 932 leaflets, of which 40% are with galls, and the leaves on the alignment had 1010 leaflets, of which 19.2% are with galls. The number of galas/leaflets was between 1 and 5 galas in Central Park, and on alignments between 1 and 4 galas. In both locations, most of the leaflets were with a single gala. The maximum larvae/gala was five specimens in Central Park and three larvae on the leaflets on the alignment.

Utopian Visions in United States Urbanism

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 157-186
Author(s):  
James M. McCutcheon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
New World ◽  
New Technology ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Oneida Community ◽  
The City

America’s appeal to Utopian visionaries is best illustrated by the Oneida Community, and by Etienne Cabet’s experiment (Moreana 31/215 f and 43/71 f). A Messianic spirit was a determinant in the Puritans’ crossing the Atlantic. The Edenic appeal of the vast lands in a New World to migrants in a crowded Europe is obvious. This article documents the ambition of urbanists to preserve that rural quality after the mushrooming of towns: the largest proved exemplary in bringing the country into the city. New York’s Central Park was emulated by the open spaces on the grounds of the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893. The garden-cities surrounding London also provided inspiration, as did the avenues by which Georges Haussmann made Paris into a tourist mecca, and Pierre L’Enfant’s designs for the nation’s capital. The author concentrates on two growing cities of the twentieth century, Los Angeles and Honolulu. His detailed analysis shows politicians often slow to implement the bold and costly plans of designers whose ambition was to use the new technology in order to vie with the splendor of the natural sites and create the “City Beautiful.” Some titles in the bibliography show the hopes of those dreamers to have been tempered by fears of “supersize” or similar drawbacks.

Obstacles on the Path to Urban Greatness: Competing Plans for the Creation of Greater Lviv (“Wielki Lwów”)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
Nadja Weck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Future ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The City

Like in many other provinces, during the Habsburg period, the main point of orientation for Galicia was Vienna. This also applies to architecture and urban development. Galicia’s technical elite applied the theoretical and practical experience it gathered in Vienna to the towns and cities of this northeastern Crown land. Ignacy Drexler, born in 1878 in the Austro-Hungarian Lemberg, was a representative of a new generation of engineers and architects who did not necessarily have to spend time in the imperial capital to earn their spurs. Increasingly, besides the more or less obligatory stay in Vienna, other European countries became points of reference. Drexler did not live to see the realization of important aspects of his comprehensive plan for the city, but his ideas and the data he compiled were indispensable for the future development of his hometown. They shape urban planning in Lviv to this day.

Mosquito Faunal Survey In a Central Park of the City of São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ceretti-Júnior ◽  
Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa ◽  
André Barretto Bruno Wilke ◽  
Regina Claudia Strobel ◽  
Lilian Dias Orico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Central Park ◽  
The City ◽  
Faunal Survey

scholarly journals STUDIES REGARDING THE MORPHOLOGY OF HORSE CHESTNUT LEAFMINER΄ S LARVA (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič)

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pop ◽  
Oana Pop ◽  
G. Cuc ◽  
I. Oltean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Origin Area

Horse leafminer of ornamental chestnut (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič) spread in Europe very quickly and produces important damages to species like Aesculus especially to Aesculus hippocastanum L. Science peoples from European countries where this pest is present, were and are concern by all the aspects regarding this pest: origin, area of spread, morphology, biology and fighting. The present paper completes the aspect of morphology of larva by photos of larvae using electron microscope in different development stages, so to can determinate the medium size of larvae in every stage, inclusive aspects regarding the segments characteristics of thorax and abdomen. This characteristics help to determinate the larval stage of development .

scholarly journals Population dynamics of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in orchards in the Zagreb area

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajač Živković ◽  
Irena Brlić Puškarić ◽  
Darija Lemić
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Zagreb Area ◽  
The City

The invasive species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), the spotted wing drosophila, was first recorded in Croatia in 2010. Since then, it has spread on Croatian territory but its presence has not yet been confirmed in the City of Zagreb. In this research population dynamics of D. suzukii was investigated in three orchards in Zagreb (Maksimir, Jelenovac, Zelenjak) in the period from 20th of March to 27th of November 2017. Feeding traps with apple vinegar were used for catching D. suzukii. The flight began in the period from 27th of June to 11th of July and lasted until 27th of November. The total pest catches were 874 specimens (Jelenovac 187, Maksimir 232 and Zelenjak 455). From September to November there was a continuous flight and a large increase in the number of caught flies, suggesting the presence of more overlapping generations. Besides the host plants, the development of the pest in this area is also enabled by suitable climatic conditions. The present population in the City of Zagreb County poses a danger to fruit producers in the Zagreb County. The results of this research are a contribution to better understanding of the population and the spread of the pest in Croatia.

scholarly journals On known and less known relations of Leonhard Euler with Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 75-110
Author(s):  
Roman Sznajder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Community ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Bridge Problem ◽  
Leonhard Euler ◽  
The City

In this work we focus on research contacts of Leonhard Euler with Polish scientists of his era, mainly with those from the city of Gdańsk (then Gedanum, Danzig). L. Euler was the most prolific mathematician of all times, the most outstanding mathematician of the 18th century, and one of the best ever. The complete edition of his manuscripts is still in process (Kleinert 2015; Kleinert, Mattmüller 2007). Euler’s contacts with French, German, Russian, and Swiss scientists have been widely known, while relations with Poland, then one of the largest European countries, are still in oblivion. Euler visited Poland only once, in June of 1766, on his way back from Berlin to St. Petersburg. He was hosted for ten days in Warsaw by Stanisław II August Poniatowski, the last king of Poland. Many Polish scientists were introduced to Euler, not only from mathematical circles, but also astronomers and geographers. The correspondence of Euler with Gdańsk scientists and officials, including Carl L. Ehler, Heinrich Kühn and Nathanael M. von Wolf, originated already in the mid-1730s. We highlight the relations of L. Euler with H. Kühn, a professor of mathematics at the Danzig Academic Gymnasium and arguably the best Polish mathematician of his era. It was H. Kühn from whom Euler learned about the Königsberg Bridge Problem; hence one can argue that the beginning of the graph theory and topology of the plane originated in Gdańsk. In addition, H. Kühn was the first mathematician who proposed a geometric interpretation of complex numbers, the theme very much appreciated by Euler. Findings included in this paper are either unknown or little known to a general mathematical community.

The parasitoid complex of Parthenolecanium corni Bouché in the city of Tbilisi and its surroundings and comparison with some other European countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Japoshvili ◽  
N. Gabroshvili ◽  
B. Japoshvili
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The City

AbstractThe European fruit lecanium (EFL), Parthenolecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), is a common and harmful soft scale, which attacks Fraxinus oxycarpa Willd. and other ornamental and orchard plants in Tbilisi, Georgia. This study investigates the phenology, degree of plant damage and effect of parasitoids on this scale in Tbilisi, a densely populated area. We present data on the 32 species of chalcidoid parasitoids recorded from EFL in Georgia and south-eastern Europe. The scale is heavily parasitized in Tbilisi, but we did not find any variation in seasonal abundance. The most common parasitoid of EFL was Blastothrix longipennis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

Quantification of Navigational Risk in European Waters

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
C. C. Glansdorp ◽  
J. F. Kemp ◽  
E. M. Goodwin ◽  
R. Tresfon
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Working Group ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marine Safety ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Mathematics Department

This paper attempts to explain the development of a method to quantify navigational risk within European waters as a part of the COST 301 project. The objective of this project, partly funded by the EEC and partly by the member countries and a few other European countries, is to increase marine safety and to prevent pollution in European (coastal) waters by shore based aids to navigations. The methodology of this study is explained. The analysis of the collected data regarding traffic and casualties is given. The probability of a collision and a stranding is determined.The authors are all members of working group 2 of COST 301. Ir. Glansdorp and Captain Tresfon are from the Netherlands Maritime Research Institute, Dr Goodwin is Head of the Mathematics Department at the Polytechnic of North London and Professor Kemp is former Head of the School of Navigation at the City of London Polytechnic.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals URBAN FORMATION OF SAMARA AND ITS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AT THE END OF THE XIXth – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXth CENTURY

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
E. M BAL'ZANNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center

The specific features of Samara origin and of the formation of industrial areas in its historical part are viewed. The location of enterprises at earlier stages of industrial production development was defined first of all by natural factors: enterprises were located along the rivers. The end of the XIXth century for Samara is characterized with significant outburst of agriculture, especially of flour-milling industry. Samara was one of the main flour suppliers to European countries. The construction of Samara Zlatoust Railway and the development of river shipping provided new perspectives for the development of the city and facilitated its transforming into a large industrial center of Russia.

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