scholarly journals Taraxacum Officinale Alcoholic Extract Augments the Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Anti-Anthrax Vaccinated Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Petru POJAR ◽  
Carmen Dana ȘANDRU ◽  
Elisabeta PASTOR ◽  
Constantin CERBU ◽  
Silvana POPESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Blastogenic Response ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

Phytotherapy used various preparations in both human and veterinary medicine over time, due to their increased bioavailability and lower costs.  Taraxacum officinale of Compositae family, well-known for its therapeutic effects, abundantly grows on Romanian pastures. The research aimed to investigate its alcoholic extract’s effects on cell-mediated immunity in anti-anthrax vaccinated, grazing sheep. Local Turcana ewes kept on pasture from spring to fall were sc vaccinated with R1190 attenuated anthrax strain, and blood was sampled before and 14 days after the vaccination. In vitro cell-mediated immunity was monitored employing phagocytosis and blast transformation tests in the presence of T. officinale alcoholic extract. The extract increased phagocytosis two weeks after the vaccination (p<0.001), while the blastogenic response also showed significant variations (p<0.05) over time.  There was a positive effect of T. officinale extract on the cellular immunity, suggesting its stress alleviating effects in anti-anthrax vaccinated sheep.

scholarly journals The influence of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in plant tissue culture experiments of Gardenia jasmenoides Ellis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Positive Effect

Cinnamon plant is considered one of important medicinal plants because it is rich with many active compounds. This research is aimed to study possible effects of extract in culture media of Gardenia jasmenoides. Alcoholic extract was prepared from the bark of cinnamon at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0) mg/L, then added to culture media to notice the effect of these concentrations on the growth and development of tissues and organs of Gardenia jasmenoides Ellis in vitro. Results showed the positive effect of increasing callus fresh weight and shoot proliferation from single nodes with presence of plant regulators, 5.0 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 3.0 mg/L Benzyl adenine (BA). Results showed that extract has a slight effect on root formation with the presence of plant regulators or when it is alone.

Limited efficacy of gene transfer in herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy for brain tumors

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Hadaczek ◽  
Hanna Mirek ◽  
Mitchel S. Berger ◽  
Krystof Bankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Low efficacy of gene transfer, transient gene expression, and toxicity of viral vectors are the major hurdles in successful anticancer gene therapy. The authors conducted in vitro (U87MG cell line) and in vivo (xenograft, tumor-bearing rodent model) studies to address the stability of transduction by using the adenoassociated virus serotype-2 (AAV2)—thymidine kinase (TK) vector over time. Methods. Standard methods for cell growth and a ganciclovir (GCV) cytotoxicity assay were applied. The AAV2-TK was infused into implanted tumors in athymic rats via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Thymidine kinase expression was evaluated through immunohistochemical analysis, and the distribution volumes of the transduced tumors were calculated. Twenty-four hours following the viral infusions, animals were treated with GCV (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally every day for 10 days; six rats) or phosphate-buffered saline (six rats). A rapid decrease in TK expression over time was observed both in vitro and in vivo. A large volume of the tumor (up to 39%) was transduced with AAV2-TK following CED. Administration of GCV resulted in limited therapeutic effects (survival of 25.8 compared with 21.3 days). Conclusions. Rapid elimination of TK expression from dividing tumor cells and focal transduction of the brain tumor were most likely responsible for the limited bystander effect in this approach. Immediate administration of GCV is crucial to assure maximal efficacy in the elimination of cancer cells. In addition, the complete or diffused transduction of a brain tumor with TK may be required for its total eradication.

scholarly journals Influence of Taraxacum officinale Wigy and Malva parvifloral L. on the active ingredient of tomato in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Liqaa A. Jazaa ◽  
Ghussun S. Salih ◽  
Hadeel M. Habeeb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Research was done in College of Science for Women/ Biology Department/ Plant Tissue Culture Lab. from 2009 to 2010 Results showed that the best plant growth regulator combination for the highest callus quantity production was 1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with 2 mg/l Benzyl adenine (BA) so it was fixed in all the preceding experiments. Alcoholic extract for the two plants were added to full Murashigue & Skooge (MS.) and half MS. (modified) with concentration (2,4) mg/l for both as a replacement for vitamins and salts. These extracts showed an effect on the increasing of Ascorbic acid (vit. C) in full MS. medium with 4 mg/l in induced callus of tomato with peak area 68.859 by using Malva parviflora L. and 48.478 by using Taraxacum officinale Wigy and they effect in less degree on Nicotinic acid (vit. B5) with T. officinale Wigy extract effect only at 4 mg/l. with peak area 47.871. They effect on Caffaic acid were nearly abcent.

Immediate Loss of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Murine Cytomegalovirus upon Treatment with Immunosuppresive Agents

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-708
Author(s):  
Donald M. Mattsson ◽  
Richard J. Howard ◽  
Henry H. Balfour
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Antilymphocyte Globulin ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment

Splenic lymphocytes from cytomegalovirus-infected mice lost their in vitro proliferative responses to cytomegalovirus antigen within 3 h after in vivo treatment with antilymphocyte globulin and prednisolone. The response was inhibited when the agents were administered separately or together, and inhibition persisted through a 2-week course of immunosuppression. Circulating specific antibodies were depressed by multiple injections of antilymphocyte globulin alone or with prednisolone, but not by prednisolone alone. Mitogen-induced blast transformation was immediately depressed by immunosuppression with both agents. Although the response to lipopolysaccharide returned briefly, it declined with continuing treatment. Cytomegalovirus infection augmented the depressive effect of immunosuppression on the lipopolysaccharide proliferative response. Prednisolone treatment of infected animals did not affect the concanavalin A response, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation decreased more slowly and to a lesser extent than it did in mice treated with antilymphocyte globulin or both agents. Loss of specific cell-mediated immunity and simultaneous depression of humoral immunity indicated that immunosuppression immediately created an inability to respond to an active cytomegalovirus infection.

Clinical Trials in Thrombosis: Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R Klimt ◽  
P. H Doub ◽  
Nancy H Doub
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prospective Trials

SummaryNumerous in vivo and in vitro experiments, investigating the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the prevention of experimentally-induced thrombosis, suggest that anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin or the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole or sulfinpyrazone, may be effective anti-thrombotic agents in man. Since 1971, seven randomized prospective trials and two case-control studies have been referenced in the literature or are currently being conducted, which evaluate the effects of aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or dipyridamole in combination with aspirin in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. A critical review of these trials indicates a range of evidence from no difference to a favorable trend that antiplatelet drugs may serve as anti-thrombotic agents in man. To date, a definitive answer concerning the therapeutic effects of these drugs in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is not available.

The Development of Homologous (Canine/Anti-Canine) Antibodies in Dogs with Haemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency): A Ten-Year Longitudinal Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Tinlin ◽  
Sandra Webster ◽  
Alan R Giles
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.

The depressing (negative) effect of oestradiol benzoate on the in vitro secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland of the LRH-pretreated long-term ovariectomized rat changes into the augmentative (positive) effect after discontinuation of the LRH-pretreatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schuiling ◽  
H. Moes ◽  
T. R. Koiter
Keyword(s):  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Perifusion System

Abstract. The effect of pretreatment in vivo with oestradiol benzoate on in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was studied in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats both at the end of a 5-day continuous in vivo pretreatment with LRH and 4-days after cessation of such LRH pretreatment. Rats were on day 0 sc implanted with osmotic minipumps which released LRH at the rate of 250 ng/h. Control rats were implanted with a piece of silicone elastomer with the dimensions of a minipump. On days 2 and 4 the rats were injected with either 3 μg EB or with oil. On day 5 part of the rats were decapitated and the in vitro autonomous (i.e. non-LRH-stimulated) and 'supra-maximally' LRHstimulated release of LH and FSH was studied using a perifusion system. From other rats the minipumps were removed on day 5 and perifusion was performed on day 9. On the 5th day of the in vivo LRH pretreatment the pituitary LH/FSH stores were partially depleted; the pituitaries of the EB-treated rats more so than those of the oil-injected rats. EB alone had no significant effect on the content of the pituitary LH- and FSH stores. On day 9, i.e. 4 days after removal of the minipumps, the pituitary LH and FSH contents had increased in both the oil- and the EB injected rats, but had not yet recovered to control values. In rats not subjected to the 5-days pretreatment with LRH EB had a positive effect on the supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. EB had no effect on the non-stimulated secretion of FSH. After 5 days of in vivo pretreatment with LRH only, the in vitro non-stimulated and supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH were strongly impaired, the effect correlating well with the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH/FSH stores. In such LRH-pretreated rats EB had on day 5 a negative effect on the (already depressed) LRH-stimulated secretion of LH (not on that of FSH). EB had no effect on the non-stimulated LH/FSH secretion. It could be demonstrated that the negative effect of the combined LRH/EB pretreatment was mainly due to the depressing effect of this treatment on the pituitary LH and FSH stores: the effect of oestradiol on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness (release as related to pituitary gonadotrophin content) remained positive. In LRH-pretreated rats, however, this positive effect of EB was smaller than in rats not pretreated with LRH. Four days after removal of the minipumps there was again a positive effect of EB on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. The positive effect of EB on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness was as strong as in rats which had not been exposed to exogenous LRH. The non-stimulated secretion of FSH was again not affected by EB. The results demonstrate that the effect of EB on the oestrogen-sensitive components of gonadotrophin secretion consists of two components: an effect on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness proper, and an effect on the pituitary LH/FSH stores. The magnitude of the effect of EB on the LRH-responsiveness is LRH dependent: it is very weak (almost zero) in LRH-pretreated rats, but strong in rats not exposed to LRH as well as in rats of which the LRH-pretreatment was stopped 4 days previously. Similarly, the effect of EB on the pituitary LH and FSH stores is LRH-dependent: in the absence of LRH, EB has no influence on the contents of these stores, but EB can potentiate the depleting effect of LRH on the LH/FSH-stores. Also this effect disappear after cessation of the LRH-pretreatment.

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