scholarly journals Morphology, Pathogenicity and Molecular Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Anise Seeds in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana PAVLOVIC ◽  
Danijela RISTIC ◽  
Ivan VUCUROVIC ◽  
Miloš STEVANOVIC ◽  
Saša STOJANOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Health Inspection ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is an important medicinal spice plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Anise seeds are rich in essential oils and this is a reason why anise production in Serbia has increased over the last decade. During a routine health inspection on anise seeds collected from three localities in the province of Vojvodina (Mošorin, Veliki Radinci and Ostojićevo) during 2012 and 2013, it was found out that Fusarium spp. were a commonly observed fungi. The presence of Fusarium fungion the seed samples ranged from 3.75-13.75%. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the strains of Fusarium species present on anise seed samples as it is necessary that commercially used anise seeds are completely free of Fusarium. Based on morphological, microscopic characteristics and a molecular identification by sequencing of TEF gene, the presence of the following species was confirmed on the anise seeds: F. tricinctum, F. proliferatum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichoides, F. incarnatum and F. verticillioides. According to our knowledge and research, this is the first report of F. tricinctum and F. sporotrichoides as pathogens on anise seeds in the world. All seven isolates of Fusarium species are pathogenic to the anise seedlings, while the most virulent species were F. oxysporum, F. tricinctum and F. incarnatum.

scholarly journals The first report of Morishitium vagum (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in Turdus merula in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kalani ◽  
F. Kalani ◽  
R. Faridnia ◽  
N. Pestechian ◽  
M. A. Mohaghegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
First Report ◽  
Turdus Merula ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Whole Mounts ◽  
Common Blackbird

Abstract This paper describes a trematode isolated from the air sacs of a common blackbird (Turdus merula) by the authors in Qaemshahr city, Mazandaran province, north of Iran. The specimens were in the best form to make whole-mounts for species identification. The identified species was Morishitium vagum (Morishita 1924) Witenberg 1928, belonging to the family Cyclocoelidae Stossich 1902, according to morphologic and morphometric characters, as explained in references. This is the first report of a species belonging to the family Cyclocoelidae in Iran, and the first report of this type-species isolated from Turdus merula in the world.

scholarly journals Grapevine Trunk Diseases Associated with Fungi from the Diaporthaceae Family in Croatian Vineyards / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joško Kaliterna ◽  
Tihomir Miličević ◽  
Bogdan Cvjetković
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Trunk Diseases

AbstractGrapevine trunk diseases (GTD) have a variety of symptoms and causes. The latter include fungal species from the family Diaporthaceae. The aim of our study was to determine Diaporthaceae species present in the woody parts of grapevines sampled from 12 vine-growing coastal and continental areas of Croatia. The fungi were isolated from diseased wood, and cultures analysed for phenotype (morphology and pathogenicity) and DNA sequence (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Most isolates were identified as Phomopsis viticola, followed by Diaporthe neotheicola and Diaporthe eres. This is the first report of Diaporthe eres as a pathogen on grapevine in the world, while for Diaporthe neotheicola this is the first report in Croatia. Pathogenicity trials confirmed Phomopsis viticola as a strong and Diaporthe neotheicola as a weak pathogen. Diaporthe eres turned out to be a moderate pathogen, which implies that the species could have a more important role in the aetiology of GTD.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium acuminatum as causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Serbia

2017 ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Dragana Bjelic ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Fusarium Acuminatum ◽  
The World ◽  
Pcr Identification ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum ◽  
Over Time

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is considered to be one of the oldest crops in the world. During 2016, infected garlic bulbs occurred in storages on several localities of the Province of Vojvodina. Symptomatic cloves showed typical rot symptoms such as softened and spongy areas covered with white fungal growth with deep lesions formed on the cloves which became dry over time. A total of 36 isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from diseased cloves of garlic. Colony morphology and microscopic properties of isolated Fusarium species were recorded from the cultures grown on PDA and CLA, respectively. Identification of two chosen isolates was performed by sequencing the EF-1? gene. The TEF sequence of isolate JBL12 showed 100% similarity with several F. tricinctum sequences and sequence of JBL539 showed 99% identity with several F. acuminatum sequences and they were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Based on the results of the morphological and molecular identification, isolates JBL12 and JBL539 were identified as F. tricinctum and F. acuminatum, respectively, as new causal agents of garlic bulbs rot in Serbia. Specific primers were designed for the PCR identification of the F. tricinctum.

scholarly journals First Report of Mango Malformation Disease Caused by Fusarium mangiferae in Sri Lanka

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sinniah ◽  
N. K. B. Adikaram ◽  
I. S. K. Vithanage ◽  
C. L. Abayasekara ◽  
M. Maymon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mango Malformation

Mango malformation disease (MMD) is one of the most devastating diseases causing severe economic losses to this crop worldwide. MMD has not been reported in Sri Lanka although the disease was reported in neighboring India over a century ago. Abnormal, thick, and fleshy mango panicles (40%) and proliferating stunted shoots (<1%) showing characteristic malformation symptoms were observed in Peradeniya-Kandy area (7°17'4.15” N, 80°38′14.08” E). Malformed inflorescences and vegetative shoots were collected during January to March and September to November, in 2008 through 2012. Pieces of malformed tissues were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA). The plates were incubated at 26 ± 2°C for 7 days. Monoconidial cultures of 41 isolates that resembled Fusarium spp. were obtained. Colonies showed white sparse aerial mycelium and magenta-dark purple pigmentation on the underside. Growth rate of the isolates averaged 3.67 mm/day in the dark at 25°C on PDA. To stimulate conidia development, Fusarium isolates were transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA). Sympodially branched conidiophores bearing mono- and polyphialides with 2 to 3 conidiogenus openings originated erect and prostrate on aerial mycelium. Oval to allontoid, abundant microconidia were produced in false heads on mono- and polyphialides. Dimensions of aseptate conidia were 2.5 to 12.5 (6.47) × 1.25 to 3.8 (2.29) μm. Macroconidia were long and slender, 3 to 5 celled and 27.5 to 47.5 (38.59) × 2.5 to 5 (2.94) μm. Chlamydospores were absent. These characters are consistent for F. mangiferae. DNA was extracted from 30 monoconidial Fusarium isolates (1) and amplified with species-specific PCR primers 1-3F/R (forward: 5′-TGCAGATAATGAGGGTCTGC-3′; reverse: 5′-GGAACATTGGGCAAAACTAC-3′) (3). Eight isolates from malformed inflorescences (I6, I13, I15, and I16) and malformed vegetative tissues (V1, V2, V3, and V4), were identified as F. mangiferae based on a 608-bp species-specific amplified DNA fragment. Pathogenicity of F. mangiferae isolates, I15 and V2, was tested on 1-year-old seedlings cv. Willard planted in 10-liter plastic pots. Conidia suspensions (107 conidia/ml of 0.1% water agar) were obtained from 10-day-old monoconidial cultures. Each isolate was inoculated onto 15 apical buds by placing drops (20 μl) of conidia (2). Both F. mangiferae isolates, I15 and V2, on artificial inoculation produced typical floral malformation symptoms in 40% of the buds, up to 10 weeks after inoculation. The Fusarium isolates recovered were identical in colony and mycelia morphology and conidia dimensions to the original F. mangiferae isolates. No Fusarium species were recovered from control flower buds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MMD in the inflorescence and the vegetative shoots caused by F. mangiferae in Sri Lanka. Isolation of other Fusarium spp. that were not identified as F. mangiferae in this study suggests that additional Fusarium spp. may be associated with the MMD in Sri Lanka. Further studies are needed to confirm the identity of these Fusarium isolates, their role in MMD, and the distribution over the island. Since the disease is likely to drastically reduce productivity, measures will be required to protect 12,160 ha of mango cultivation from this devastating disease. References: (1) S. Freeman et al. Exp. Mycol. 17:309, 1993. (2) S. Freeman et al. Phytopathology 89:456, 1999. (3) Q. I. Zheng and R. C. Ploetz. Plant Pathol. 51:208, 2002.

Family cluster of cholesteatoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Homøe ◽  
J Rosborg
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Cholesteatoma ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
History Of

Objective: We report an extremely rare case of family clustering of cholesteatoma.Method: Case reports and a review of the world literature concerning cholesteatoma and heredity are presented.Results: The family consists of parents and seven siblings of whom the mother and three sons have been surgically treated for cholesteatoma. All cholesteatomas in the family are acquired and all have a history of otitis media. Cholesteatomas occur with an incidence of 5/100 000 in Greenland, corresponding to two to three new cholesteatoma patients per year among the 57 000 inhabitants of Greenland. The family is very exceptional and interesting for further research concerning heredity in the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma.Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first report in the world literature of family clustering of acquired cholesteatoma. This case indicates that hereditary factors interplay with other factors in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.

Antifungal and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Thyme Essential Oil against Fusarium spp., Causing Wheat Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Hossein Faghih-Imani ◽  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Wheat Diseases

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important cereals and a major source of human food worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of important diseases on wheat, including head scab, crown and root rot. Control of Fusarium diseases on wheat is very difficult and important because of not only no complete resistance in any wheat cultivar and long-term survival of the soil-borne pathogen, but also production of carcinogenic mycotoxins in wheat tissues, which are harmful for consumers. Nowadays, to avoid the ecological and environmental damage caused by chemical pesticides and fungicides, there is a great interest to use essential oils as plant-protective agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of these destructive wheat diseases. We investigated the antifungal activities of the essential oils obtained from 4 different plant species and the Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) revealed the highest level of antifungal effect against two mentioned phytopathogens. Contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of TEO were found to inhibit the growth of both fungi. Spore germination and production were also strongly inhibited by the TEO. Light microscope scanning of vegetative growth of the fungi revealed destructive changes in the hyphae. The TEO, also showed a high seed protection capability against fungal infection with no negative effect on seed germination. In the in-vivo assay, which was performed under greenhouse conditions using susceptible wheat plans treated with the TEO, significant plant protection was observed against the pathogens. Investigating effect of the main components of the TEO revealed that cymene had the highest effect in decreasing both disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) on wheat plants inoculated by Fusarium species. Therefore, the TEO and its ingredients could be used as environmentally friendly biofungicides in the protection of wheat plants against these Fusarium species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the TEO and cymene, as its main ingredient, against destructive Fusarium spp. pathogenic on wheat.

scholarly journals First Report of Root and Basal Rot of Angelica acutiloba Caused by Fusarium solani in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Chern ◽  
C. T. Feng ◽  
C. H. Yu ◽  
W. C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Angelica Acutiloba

Angelica (Angelica acutiloba (Siebold. & Zucc.) Kitag.) is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in Taiwan. The medicinal herb has been mainly imported from China, but cultivation at a commercial scale has also been established in recent years in Hualien County, Taiwan. In September 2008, angelica plants in a field at Liou-shih-dan Mountain displayed symptoms of yellowing, stunting, rotting of roots and basal stem, and wilting. A severe brown discoloration of vascular tissue along the stems of infected plants was observed. One or more Fusarium spp. was consistently isolated from the roots and stems of diseased plants. Isolates R3, R4, and R5 were incubated for 14 days on celery tissues to produce chlamydospores, and 33 g of celery tissue with chlamydospores were mixed with 500 ml of soil per pot as inoculum. One 4-month-old angelica seedling was planted per pot. Three angelica plants were inoculated with each isolate in the first test and nine plants were inoculated with each isolate in the second test. Other seedlings were inoculated with water as checks. Pathogenicity tests were conducted twice. Incidence of diseased plants was 66, 100, and 33% in the first test, and 66, 100, and 44% in the second test for the R3, R4, and R5 isolates, respectively. Symptoms similar to those on the diseased plants in the field were produced, with leaves turning yellow starting 7 days after inoculation and wilt and discoloration of roots 14 days after inoculation. Fusarium spp. also were reisolated from the diseased plants. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium with a fungal genomic DNA purification kit, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region was amplified and sequenced with primers ITS-4 and ITS-5. The sequence of the resulting ~550-bp amplicon was compared with those in GenBank. The ITS sequences of the R3, R4, and R5 isolates shared 98.7, 98.7, and 97.9% similarity with F. solani isolate AF129104 (3), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that the three isolates were closer to F. solani than to other Fusarium species. Both macroconidia and microconidia of the R4 isolate were produced on potato dextrose agar. Macroconidia were three to five septate and 27.2 to 37.8 × 4.4 to 6.2 μm; microconidia were zero to one septate and 9.3 to 14.7 × 2.9 to 4.8 μm. Chlamydospores produced on celery juice agar were terminal or intercalary, solitary, in pairs or in chains, and 9.3 to 12.1 μm. Morphological characteristics identified the three isolates as F. solani (Martius) Snyder & Hansen according to Fu and Chang (2) and Chung et al. (1), which agrees with the ITS comparison. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root and basal rot caused by F. solani on angelica in Taiwan. References: (1) W. C. Chung et al. Plant Prot. Bull. 40:177, 1998. (2) C. H. Fu and T. T. Chang. Taiwan J. For. Sci. 14:223, 1999. (3) H. Suga et al. Mycol. Res. 104:1175, 2000.

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