scholarly journals Seed Germination of selected Taxa from Kachchh Desert, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Madhukar RAOLE ◽  
Aruna Girish JOSHI ◽  
Sandhya Kiran GARGE ◽  
Rinku Jitendrakumar DESAI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Semi Arid

The district of Kachchh contains many culturally important plants. However, their conservation status is little known due to direct and indirect human activities. This study was undertaken with the aim of contributing to the conservation of the native species of these semi-arid regions through germination trials under laboratory conditions. Mature fruits of ten selected species were collected randomly from the known habitats to obtain viable seeds. These seeds were pre-treated with growth regulators singly or in combination after acid scarification or without scarification. Seeds were found to be dormant due to presence of thick seed coat or due to low level of endogenous hormonal level. Most of these seeds required different storage period to mature. Only seeds of Capparis cartilaginea germinated without treatment while the other species required treatments. Addition of growth regulators has enhanced seed germination in few taxa singly and in some plant cases in combination.

scholarly journals Impact of post scarification storage period on seed germination and quality in soapnut (Sapinduas emarginatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-514
Author(s):  
A. Krishna ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Germination Behaviour

Soapnut (Sapinduas emarginatus) is one of the most primitive precious useful plants since ancient times. This plant was domesticated due to its multifarious usefulness. The study was conducted in College of Forestry, Sirsi during 2019-20 to know the influence of post scarification storage treatments on seed germination and quality in Sapinduas emarginatus. The seeds were collected from in and around Sirsi area. In soap nut, the basic problem is poor seed germination due to hard seed coat. The seeds were treated with concentrated H2So4 for 12min and stored under laboratory condition for six months. At monthly interval, seed samples were drawn and evaluated for post scarification germination. The germination behaviour remarkably influenced due to scarification and without scarification during experimentation. The untreated seeds recorded the maximum germination (68%) compared to scarified seeds (22.85%).Speed of germination was highest in seed without scarification treatment (2.7) compared to scarified seeds. Mean daily germination was highest in without scarified seeds (1.04) and lowest in the scarified seeds (0.32). Peak value was maximum in without scarified seeds (0.50) compared to scarified seeds (0.22). Seedling vigour index was significantly highest in without scarified seeds (1290) compared to scarified seeds (455). In general, scarified seeds with conc. H2SO4 for 12 min affected seed germination due high conc. H2SO4 because of chemical residues remaining in seed that affects the embryo. As the advancement in storage period the seed coat may lose the integrity so, germination was improved in without scarified seeds.

scholarly journals Storage Period and Different Abiotic Factors Regulate Seed Germination of Two Apocynum Species — Cash Crops in Arid Saline Regions in the Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Chaowen She ◽  
Changyan Tian ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Degraded Land

On degraded land in arid regions, cultivation of Apocynum species can provide significant environmental benefits by preventing soil erosion and desertification. Furthermore, Apocynum venetum and Apocynum pictum, which are mainly distributed in salt-barren lands in the northwestern region of China, are traditionally used to produce natural fiber and herbal tea. Direct sowing of both species may encounter various abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. However, these effects on germination remain largely unknown, especially for seeds with different storage periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage period, light condition, temperature regime, drought, and salinity on germination performances of both species. Germination experiment was carried out in November 2017. There were four replicates for each treatment, and each petri dish contained 25 seeds. The results indicated that prolongation of storage period significantly decreased the germination percentage and velocity, especially under abiotic stresses. Light did not affect seed germination of A. venetum and A. pictum under any conditions. Seeds had better germination performance at 10/25 and 15/30°C than those of seeds incubated at any other temperatures. With the increase of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salinity concentrations, seed germination for both species gradually decreased, especially for seeds stored for 2 years. Low PEG (0–20%) and salinity concentration (0–200 mM) did not significantly affect germination percentage of freshly matured seeds. However, long-time storage significantly decreased drought and salinity tolerance in A. venetum and A. pictum during germination stage. For saline soils in arid and semi-arid regions, freshly matured seeds or 1-year-stored seeds of both Apocynum species are recommended to be sown by using drip-irrigation in spring.

Germination characteristics of Agriophyllum squarrosum

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanrun Zheng ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Ping An ◽  
Hideyuki Shimizu ◽  
Glyn M Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Agriophyllum Squarrosum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Temperature Constant ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Semi Arid

Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. (Chenopodiaceae), a pioneer species of natural succession in semi-arid regions of China, is widely used for vegetation rehabilitation by air seeding. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of light intensity and photoperiod, as well as constant and alternating temperatures, on germination to improve the technology of air seeding. Seed of A. squarrosum rarely (<18.5%) germinated at 5/15, 10/20, 15/25, and 20/30 °C (night/day); 39.5% of seeds germinated at 25/35 °C in a 14-h (215 µmol·m–2·s–1) photoperiod. Under dark conditions there was a high final percent seed germination (>90%), except for 71.8% final percent seed germination at 5/15 °C. Constant temperature conditions were associated with lower seed germination (<50%). Less than 13% of seeds germinated at different light intensities (25–400 µmol·m–2·s–1) at 10/20 °C. There was no significant difference in final percent germination when seeds were exposed to 400, 100, or 25 µmol m–2 s–1 for 2 h daily. Final percent germination and germination rate deceased rapidly when the photoperiod was increased under 400 µmol·m–2·s–1. Only 49.2% of seeds germinated after 3 d. Because of the deleterious effect of light on germination, air seeding in late May is recommended.Key words: Agriophyllum squarrosum, air seeding, alternating temperature, constant temperature, light, semi-arid regions.

The Methodology of Historical Climate Reconstruction and its Application to Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Past Millennium

This article deals with climatic reconstruction over a period of centuries, on the basis of indirect evidence found in historical and geographical sources. Histories, archives, local chronicles and journals of travellers and settlers contain references to lakes, landscapes, famines, droughts and floods, as well as occasional descriptions of climate and meteorological measurements. Such information can be combined with evidence from geology, palynology or the study of tree-rings to support hypotheses regarding climate and environment several centuries ago.This methodology is here described and used to reconstruct the trend of rainfall fluctuation in Africa over the past millennium. Two approaches are considered: the one seeks to determine absolute variation (thus assessing whether particular episodes were wetter or drier than today); the other focuses on short-term climatic anomalies (e.g. droughts) in which rainfall differed from the mean prevailing at the time, without seeking to relate them to present conditions.The results obtained from this study suggest that during the past millennium there have been two periods of relatively wet conditions in the semi-arid regions south of the Sahara: between the eighth and fourteenth centuries, and between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Evidence for these episodes, and for synchronous fluctuations elsewhere in Africa is presented in the text.

Mechanisms of seed dormancy in an annual population of Zostera marina (eelgrass) from The Netherlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1972-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Garth Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Viable Seeds

Mechanisms of dormancy of seeds from an annual population of the seagrass Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in the SW Netherlands were investigated in the laboratory. Both physiological dormancy (a requirement for reduced salinity for germination) and physical dormancy (imposed by the seed coat) existed in recently shed seeds. Physiological seed dormancy was partly released in the seed bank by early winter, but physical dormancy lasted longer. By March seeds germinated quickly in the dark in full-strength seawater without artificial weakening of the seed coat. Viable seeds were released with coats that ranged from green (easily ruptured by the embryo) to brown (not easily ruptured); this variation may account for the occasional seedlings that appear during winter. No significant effects of temperature or light on germination were detected. A reexamination of the literature suggests that the observed variation in timing of germination in eelgrass populations may be a result of hitherto overlooked aspects of dormancy. Key words: eelgrass, seagrass, seed coat, seed dormancy, seed germination, Zostera marina.

Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes S. Foster ◽  
Linda S. Delay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

ABSTRACT. Seeds with ‘imitation arils’ appear wholly or partially covered by pulp or aril but actually carry no fleshy material. The mimetic seed hypothesis to explain this phenomenon proposes a parasitic relationship in which birds are deceived into dispersing seeds that resemble bird-dispersed fruits, without receiving a nutrient reward. The hard-seed for grit hypothesis proposes a mutualistic relationship in which large, terrestrial birds swallow the exceptionally hard mimetic seeds as grit for grinding the softer seeds on which they feed. They defecate, dispersing the seeds, and abrade the seed surface, enhancing germination. Any fruit mimicry is incidental. Fruiting trees of Ormosia spp. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) were observed to ascertain mechanisms of seed dispersal and the role of seemingly mimetic characteristics of the seeds in that dispersal. Seed predation and seed germination were also examined. Ormosia isthamensis and O. macrocalyx (but not O. bopiensis) deceived arboreally-foraging frugivorous birds into taking their mimetic seeds, although rates of seed dispersal were low. These results are consistent with the mimetic seed hypothesis. On the other hand, the rates of disappearance of seeds from the ground under the Ormosia trees, hardness of the seeds, and enhancement of germination with the abrasion of the seed coat are all consistent with the hard-seed for grit hypothesis. RESUMEN. Semillas con arilos falsos aparecen estar cubiertas en parte o completamente por pulpa o arilo, pero en realidad no llevan ninguna materia carnosa. El hipótesis semilla mímica propone que las semillas parecen frutos carnosos cuyas semillas están dispersadas por aves y que engañan las aves a dispersar sus semillas sin recibir una recompensa nutritiva — una relación parasítica. El hipótesis semilla dura para arenisca propone que aves grandes y terrestres tragan las semillas mímicas y excepcionalmente duras como arenisca para moler las semillas más suaves en que se alimentan; las aves defecan y dispersan las semillas, y las rascan, lo cual mejora la germinación — una relación mutua. Cualquier mimetismo es incidente. Se observaron árboles de Ormosia espp. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) con frutos para averiguar los mecanismos de dispersión de semillas y el papel que hacen las características aparentemente mímicas de sus semillas en esa dispersión. Se examinaron también la depredación y germinación de semillas. Las semillas mímicas de Ormosia isthamensis y O. macrocalyx (pero no O. bopiensis), engañaron aves frugivoras y arbóreas en comerlas, aunque las tasas de dispersión eran bajas. Estos resultados son consistente con el hipótesis semilla mímica. En cambio, las tasas de desaparición de semillas caídas de Ormosia, dureza de las semillas, y mejoramiento de germinación con la raedura de las capas de las semillas son consistente con el hipótesis semilla dura para arenisca.

scholarly journals Effects of gibberellic acid and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of triticale-I under salinity stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Effects of GA and Kn on seed germination and accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings of Triticale cultivar was investigated under salinity stress. Salinity decreased the rate of seed germination and ion accumulation in the seedlings but both GA and Kn stimulated these processes under stress. Salinity increased the accumulation of Na+ in radicles and plumules with concomitant inhibition of that of K+, GA and Kn, on the other hand, reduced the rate of Na+ accumulation and increased that of K+ in the seedlings. The interrelationship between the effect of salinity and growth regulators on seed germination and the accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the seedlings is discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13435 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 123-129, 2012 (December)

The geography of semi-arid lands

1977 ◽  
Vol 278 (962) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Arid Lands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil And Water

Semi-arid lands were at times during the last 20000 years more humid and at other times more arid than at present, with important consequences for the soil and water resources of the present day. These lands were the scene of the beginnings of pastoralism, the cultivation of cereals, and urban living between 10 000 and 5000 years ago. The environment has always been attractive to man but it is liable to deteriorate towards desert with long-lasting consequences. Development possibilities diversify according to environmental conditions which vary from place to place and also according to the economic and other characteristics of the States in which these lands are situated. The States can be regarded as falling into four categories: there are on the one hand wealthy countries - either industrialized or rich in minerals; on the other hand there are poor countries - some with land outside the arid zone as yet not fully developed, others with no land of this kind. In response to the differences in economic opportunity, migratory movements are taking place, notably from the impoverished semi-arid regions to the towns, particularly those in the petroleum-producing states.

Effect of hydration and dehydration cycles on seed germination of Aster kantoensis (Compositae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko Kagaya ◽  
Takashi Tani ◽  
Naoki Kachi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

Seeds of Aster kantoensis Kitamura (Compositae) were experimentally exposed to different cycles of hydration and dehydration: 3H1D (cycles of 3-d hydration and 1-d dehydration periods), 2H3D, 2H1D, 1H3D, 1H2D, and 1H1D. Under continuous hydration (control), all viable seeds germinated within 9 d. However, all viable seeds exposed to the 3H1D, 2H3D, and 2H1D cycles germinated within 36, 50, and 36 d of the start of the experiment, respectively. Not all viable seeds exposed to the 1H3D, 1H2D, and 1H1D cycles germinated during the experimental period. Compared with the control, the number of days required for 50% germination increased in seeds exposed to the hydration–dehydration treatments except for those seeds exposed to the 3H1D and 2H1D cycles. In addition, seeds treated with a 1-d hydration period required a larger number of cumulative hydration days for 50% germination than those seeds exposed to one of the other three treatments or the control. These results indicate that sporadic germination of A. kantoensis seeds during an extended period of several months in the gravelly flood plain where they are found results because the dispersed seeds are exposed to various cycles of hydration and dehydration depending upon the rainfall pattern and spatial heterogeneity of evaporation rates at the sand surface resulting from shading by gravel.Key words: Aster kantoensis, dehydration tolerance, gravelly flood plain, hydration–dehydration cycles, seed germination.

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