scholarly journals The Growth Response of Several Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Induced Water Stress Using Sorbitol and Polyethylene Glycol

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela A. CIOLOCA ◽  
Andreea M. TICAN ◽  
Maria IANOŞI ◽  
Carmen L. BĂDĂRĂU
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
In Vitro Response

The current paper aimed to study the in vitro response of potato genotypes to water stress induced by adding sorbitol and polyethylene glycol in the culture medium. The biological material analysed in the experiment was represented by a Romanian line ‘LP 11-1525/1’ and two isogenic lines ‘LI 101’ and ‘LI 102’. For cultures initiation, the line ‘LP 11-1525/1’ was started from meristems and for the other two genotypes true potato seeds were used. The studied potato genotypes behaved differently depending on the analysed parameters and on the treatment applied for drought tolerance. It was noted that the line ‘LP 11-1525/1’ achieved good results for most of the growth parameters studied, and also the lines derived from true potato seeds behaved well, in some cases even exceeding the line derived from meristems. Of the lines derived from true potato seeds, the best performance was noted for line ‘LI 101-6’ in all the analysed parameters, both on sorbitol and PEG medium. In addition, lines ‘LI 101-7’ and ‘LI 102-4’ achieved good results on both variants of medium used to mediate water stress. Therefore, establishing drought tolerance individuals within populations derived from true potato seeds using sorbitol and polyethylene glycol might be applied.

scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Coconut Varieties (Cocos nucifera L.) of Sri Lanka for Water Stress Tolerance

CORD ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
L Perera
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Coconuts show a remarkable yield drop due to long dry periods caused by global climatic changes. Thus, breeding for drought tolerance has become a priority in coconut breeding in Sri Lanka. Five coconut varieties indigenous to Sri Lanka, namely Ran thembili, Gon thembili, Porapol, Bodiri and Red dwarf were screened for their drought tolerance potential in vitro. Mature zygotic embryos collected from self pollinated nuts of each variety were germinated and developed into plants with one photosynthetic leaf in Y3 medium. Water stress condition was induced by application of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) into the culture medium. The level of PEG in culture medium was gradually increased from 2% to 7% until the plants showed water stress symptoms in leaves; yellowing and necrosis. More than 75% of zygotic embryos of all tested coconut varieties successfully germinated in vitro and developed into plants. Plants of all tested coconut varieties survived water stress caused by 4% to 6% PEG and the percentages of plant survival at different levels of PEG varied among different coconut varieties. Variety Ran thembili showed the highest survival rate (27%) at 6% PEG and overall best plant growth performances at 4% PEG among the five coconut varieties tested. Red dwarf showed the lowest survival rate at 4% to 6% PEG indicating its susceptibility to water stress. Among the coconut varieties tested, zygotic embryos of Ran thembili showed the highest drought tolerance potential.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Kurdish Rice Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Didar Rahim ◽  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Nawroz Tahir ◽  
Tomáš Vyhnánek ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is productively affected by different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic distinction among Kurdish rice genotypes using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and to perform in vitro tests to characterize the drought tolerance of six local rice genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.38 to 0.84 with an average of 0.56. The genetic distance ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. Drought stress had a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on callus growth parameters. Enzymatic antioxidant systems were predicted and exhibited a significant variation. The findings revealed that proline levels increase in proportion to polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. Kalar and Gwll Swr genotypes showed the worst performances in phenotypic and biochemical traits, while Choman and Shawre exhibited the best phenotypic and biochemical performances. A positive and substantial relationship between callus fresh weight (CFW) and callus dry weight (CDW) was found under stressful and optimized conditions. Callus induction (CI) was positively and significantly associated with the catalase activity (CAT) in all stressed treatments. Based on the results for callus growth and the biochemical parameters under stress conditions, a remarkable genotype distinction, based on the tolerance reaction, was noted as follows: PEG resistant > susceptible, Choman > Shawre > White Bazyan > Red Bazyan > Gwll Swr > Kalar. The CI and CAT characteristics were considered as reliable predictors of drought tolerance in rice genotypes.

Métabolisme de l'acide indolyl-3-acétique dans les cultures de cellules d'Acer pseudoplatanus cultivés in vitro

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (19) ◽  
pp. 2530-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maillard ◽  
J.-P. Zrÿd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Kinetics Of

Incubation of cell suspensions of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) with β-indoyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) first led to the formation of IAA-glycosides, then to that of IAA-aspartate. Great differences are observed between the kinetics of IAA transformed by two distinct strains: one, auxin dependent (S), the other, auxin independent (MB). Other degradation products are only found in the culture medium. The localization of IAA-degrading systems in the cell wall is postulated. The auxin requirement of the S strain is discussed.

Human decidua synthesizes placental protein 14 (PP 14) in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Julkunen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Placental Protein 14 ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Placental Protein ◽  
Human Decidua

Abstract. Human decidua was found to synthesize and secrete placental protein 14 (PP14). The presence of PP14 in tissue explants of decidua, foetal membranes and placenta from term pregnancy was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. The PP14 content in decidua (1300 ±410 ng/100 mg tissue) was higher than in chorion (570 ± 120 ng/100 mg; P < 0.01), amnion (240 ± 100 ng/100 mg; P < 0.001) or placenta (300 ± 130 ng/100 mg; P< 0.001). Three to 36 times more PP14 was released into culture medium by decidual explants compared with the other tissues, and cycloheximide decreased this release by 39%. Placental tissues released hardly any PP14. Decidual synthesis of PP14 was demonstrated by incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable PP14 in tissue culture.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO SCREENING OF DIFFERENT TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST PEG INDUCED WATER STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Naveed ◽  
Ayesha Manzoor ◽  
Ahsan Javed ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) is one of the most economically important plants in the Solanaceae family. Water scarcity is one of the major climatic constraints which is affecting all crops including tomato in the world. Selection of water stress tolerant cultivars is an important strategy to overcome this problem. Therefore the present research was conducted to determine the effect PEG induced water stress on germination percentage and early growth stages of tomato seedlings. Fifteen different tomato genotypes were screened under in-vitro conditions using two different concentrations of PEG (2% and 4%). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Parameters like germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and seedling biomass (g) were recorded during the experiment. Results indicated that PEG induced water stress significantly reduced germination percentage (%) and other growth parameters in drought susceptible tomato genotypes (RUS-1, Rustam, R-2017, Pakit, 17904, Kashmiri, Kiara, Avinash, and K.K.2). Whereas in other genotypes “R. Wonder, Naqeeb, Rio grande, T-4, Patfeeder and Nagina” all parameters increase with an increase in PEG concentration. However among these genotypes, “Patfeeder” exhibited highest germination percentage (100 %) with maximum root and shoot length and seedling biomass at highest PEG concentration 4%. Based on experimental results, “Patfeeder” was considered a drought tolerant genotype due to its better performance in different levels of water stress.

scholarly journals Effect of water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 on the somatic embryos conversion into whole plantlets in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Tokpapon Eliane Manlé ◽  
Kan Modeste Kouassi ◽  
Brahima André Soumahoro ◽  
Tchoa Koné ◽  
Kouablan Edmond Koffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Rainfall scarcity due to climate change is a major constraint that limits cocoa productivity in Côte d'Ivoire. This work aims to regenerate cocoa plants tolerant to water stress using in vitro methods. Staminode and petal explants of the genotypes C1, C9, C14, C15, C16, C18 and C20 were used to produce somatic embryos through two methods. Firstly, somatic embryos were induced under stressfull conditions on media containing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 g/l) and secondly; under non-stressed conditions. Somatic embryos were placed on a conversion medium in the same stress condition. The number of regenerants decreased with the increase in the concentration of PEG with all genotypes. Only genotypes C1 and C15 regenerated plantlets under water stress conditions. The sensitive genotypes C9, C14, C16, C18 and C20 have not developed plantlets on media containing PEG. The plantlets produced under water deficit conditions exhibited a reduction in stem length and leaves number and an increase in length or offset of the high number of roots. The survival rate of regenerants during acclimatization was higher on the sandsubstrate. The selected genotypes could be used in an improvement program of cocoa production.Keywords: Climate change; plant regeneration; genotype; tolerance; drought; in vitro

scholarly journals Expression of Otx Genes in Müller Cells Using an In Vitro Experimental Model of Retinal Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Claudio Azzolini ◽  
Simone Donati ◽  
Giovanni Micheloni ◽  
Vittoria Moretti ◽  
Roberto Valli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
Eye Morphogenesis

Introduction. Müller glial cells typically activate to react to hypoxic tissue damage in several retinal diseases. We evaluated the in vitro response to a hypoxia-mimicking stimulus on the expression of a set of genes, known to contribute to eye morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Materials and Methods. A MIO-M1 Müller cell line was cultured in a hypoxia-mimicking environment by the addition of cobalt chloride to the culture medium, followed by a recovery time in which we mimic restoration from the hypoxic insult. The HIF-1α protein and VEGF-A gene expression were quantified to verify the induction of a hypoxia-like state. Results. Among the genes under study, we did not observe any difference in the expression levels of Otx1 and Otx2 during treatment; conversely, Otx1 was overexpressed during recovery steps. The VEGF-A gene was strongly upregulated at both the CoCl2 and recovery time points. The transactivated isoform (TA) of the TP73 gene showed an overexpression in long-term exposure to the hypoxic stimulus with a further increase after recovery. Discussion. Our molecular analysis is able to describe the activation of a set of genes, never before described, that can drive the response to a hypoxia-like status. The improved comprehension of these cellular events will be useful for designing new therapeutical approaches for retinal pathologies.

scholarly journals Mobilization of shell calcium by the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vitro.

1994 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
M J Packard
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Specific Degradation ◽  
Donor Eggs

Two explants of shell were removed from each of several fertile eggs of domestic fowl at different times during incubation. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was removed from one of the explants (SHELL ONLY) and was left in situ on the other (SHELL+CAM). Explants were cultured for 24, 48 or 96 h at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 in air in individual Petri dishes containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, bovine serum albumin, penicillin and streptomycin. Both SHELL+CAM and SHELL ONLY explants released calcium into the culture medium, but the former released considerably more calcium than the latter. More calcium was released by SHELL+CAM explants taken from older eggs than from younger ones, but the age of the donor eggs did not affect release of calcium by SHELL ONLY explants. In addition, release of calcium by SHELL+CAM explants exceeded that shown by SHELL ONLY explants for multiple 24 h intervals. However, the capacity for sustained release of calcium by SHELL+CAM explants declined with age and maturity of the CAM. Manipulations that lead to the death of the CAM abolish the capacity for SHELL+CAM explants to release more calcium than SHELL ONLY explants. Differential release of calcium by SHELL+CAM explants was not attributable to calcium present in the CAM at the onset of culture or to non-specific degradation of the shell by intracellular constituents released as a result of the death of the CAM. Taken in concert, these results indicate that the CAM mobilizes calcium from the eggshell during in vitro culture.

scholarly journals Growth response of diploid and tetraploid taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) shoot culture to drought stress using polyethylene glycol

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
A Wulansari ◽  
A Purwito ◽  
D Sukma ◽  
TM Ermayanti
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mortality Percentage

Abstract Taro genetic improvement through polyploidy induction is expected to be tolerant to abiotic stress. Several studies have shown that polyploidy plants have a higher adaptability to dry environments. In vitro selection technique for evaluation of plant tolerance to drought stress can be done by applying polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a selection agent. The aim of the research was to investigate the growth response of diploid and tetraploid taro shoot culture to drought stress using PEG. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of PEG at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The second factor was Bentul taro clones which were 1 diploid clone and 2 tetraploid clones (clones 4.6.3 and 5.4.4). PEG was added to liquid MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. Observations of growth variables were carried out every week until the six weeks of culture. Fresh and dry weights, mortality percentage and proline content were determined at six weeks of culture. The results showed that the addition of PEG in liquid medium significantly affected the number of leaves, petiole length, number of roots, fresh and dry weights, as well as shoot mortality percentage. Differences in clones significantly affected the number of leaves, fresh and dry weights. The two factors tested (PEG and clones), gave an interaction on the number of leaves, fresh and dry weights. The proline content in all diploid and tetraploid clones showed an increase with increasing PEG concentration. The LC50 value in diploid clones was 9.82%, in tetraploid clones 4.6.3 and 5.4.4 were 14.14 and 15.45%, respectively. The results showed that PEG at 10% and 15% could be used for in vitro selection to drought stress both for diploid and tetraploid taro.

scholarly journals Recurrent Selection for Improved Germination under Water Stress in Russian Dandelion

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina J.M. Hodgson-Kratky ◽  
Olivier M. Stoffyn ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection For

Russian dandelion [Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS)] is a promising candidate for introducing natural rubber production into North America. Seeds normally germinate in a humid microenvironment, such as the thatch layer of a lawn or under a canopy of grass; however, 5% to 15% establishment is often observed on bare soil, presumably due to water stress. Phenotypic selection and half-sib family recurrent selection were conducted for three cycles to improve germination in vitro, under low osmotic potential (Ψs), using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Populations were then tested for establishment on bare soil in the greenhouse and field. Germination under water stress in vitro increased from 5.8% for the cycle 0 (C0) population to 40.8% and 47.8% for the C3-phenotypic and C3-half-sib family populations, respectively. Soil establishment in the greenhouse and field was improved up to two- and 4-fold, respectively, compared with the C0, in two of four greenhouse experiments and three of eight field experiments. Overall, recurrent selection for germination under water stress in vitro has potential to improve establishment in the field and can be incorporated into current breeding programs to support the overall goal of creating cultivars with high-rubber yield.

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