scholarly journals Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking-Based Routing for Rural Internet Connectivity (DRINC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velásquez-Villada ◽  
Yezid Donoso
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Connected Node ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Disruption Tolerant Networking ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Rural networking connectivity is a very dynamic and attractive research field. Nowadays big IT companies and many governments are working to help connect all these rural, disconnected people to Internet. This paper introduces a new routing algorithm that can bring non-real-time Internet connectivity to rural users. This solution is based on previously tested ideas, especially on Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking technologies, since they can be used to transmit messages to and from difficult to access sites. It introduces the rural connectivity problem and its context. Then, it shows the proposed solution with its mathematical model used to describe the problem, its proposed heuristic, and its results. The advantage of our solution is that it is a low-cost technology that uses locally available infrastructure to reach even the most remote towns. The mathematical model describes the problem of transmitting messages from a rural, usually disconnected user, to an Internet connected node, through a non-reliable network using estimated delivery probabilities varying through time. The forwarding algorithm uses local knowledge gathered from interactions with other nodes, and it learns which nodes are more likely to connect in the future, and which nodes are more likely to deliver the messages to the destination. Our algorithm achieves an equal or better performance in delivery rate and delay than other well-known routing protocols for the rural scenarios tested. This paper adds more simulation results for the proposed rural scenarios, and it also extends the explanation of the mathematical model and the heuristic algorithm from the conference paper "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks Based Message Forwarding Algorithm for Rural Internet Connectivity Applications" [1] (doi: 10.1109/ICCCC. 2016.7496732).

Low-cost flow-rate estimate in separate layers along gas wells from temperature and pressure profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Emile Barrett ◽  
Imran Abbasy ◽  
Chii-Rong Wu ◽  
Zhenjiang You ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Estimation of rate profile along the well is important information for reservoir characterisation since it allows distinction of the production rates from different layers. The temperature and pressure sensors in a well are small and inexpensive; while flow meters are cumbersome and expensive, and affect the flow in the well. The method presented in this peer-reviewed paper shows its significance in predicting the gas rate from temperature and pressure data. A mathematical model for pressure and temperature distributions along a gas well has been developed. Temperature and pressure profiles from nine well intervals in field A (Cooper Basin, Australia) have been matched with the mathematical model to determine the flow rates from different layers in the well. The presented model considers the variables as functions of thermal properties at each location, which is more accurate and robust than previous methods. The results of tuning the mathematical model to the field data show good agreement with the model prediction. Simple and robust explicit formulae are derived for the effective estimation of flow rate and thermal conductivity in gas wells. The proposed approach has been applied to determine the well gas rate and formation thermal conductivity from the acquired well pressure and temperature data in field A. It allows for recommending well stimulation of layers with low production rates.

Flight tests and flight data analysis - teaching aerospace engineering students

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopecki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerospace Engineering ◽  
Flight Tests ◽  
High Class ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The ability to carry out in-flight tests and to analyse the flight data registered is, in the case of aerospace engineering  students, a vital aspect of education. Since aircraft flight tests are very expensive, frequently the funds allocated to them in the process of education are insufficient. The aim of this article is to present a relatively low-cost method of training students to carry out flight tests and to analyse flight data. The method relies on three consecutive steps. At first, simulation tests relying on the mathematical model of an aircraft are carried out.  During these simulations, students analyse aircraft behaviour. Next, flight data registered during previously held in-flight tests are analysed.  Finally, flight tests are performed by students.  As a result, having mastered the ability to analyse real flight data, the students trained will become high-class specialists being able to conduct flight tests and analyse flight data.

The Design of Shock Absorbers for Chemical Equipments

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1283-1287
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xiao Yu Guo ◽  
Ming Liang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Vibration Problem ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Validation Testing

A low cost shock absorber easy to install and tune was designed to solve the vibration problem produced by the compressor in chemical process. By establishing the mathematical model of the dynamic shock absorption, the shock absorber characteristics were analyzed theoretically. The preliminary experiment was conducted on the testing platform to simulate the factory conditions. The shock absorber was then installed on the compressor for the field validation. Testing results agree well with theory and the shock absorber showed good damping performance.

The Mathematical Model of Simulative Calculation for the Process of Airbag Landing

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Jian He ◽  
Ji Sheng Ma ◽  
Da Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Analysis ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Airbag is widely used in heavy equipment dropped field with its efficient cushion performance and low cost. The calculation method used now for the process of airbag landing mainly is simulative calculation: analytical analysis and finite element simulation, but there are less systematic introduction for the mathematical model behind these methods in past papers. This paper mainly does the summary for the mathematical model of vented airbag which is usually used.

The Design and Analyses of Magnetorheological Fluid Throttle Valve

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 1208-1214
Author(s):  
Rong Wu ◽  
Wen Xiang Lin ◽  
Wen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Magnetorheological (MR) Fluid is an intellectual material with comprehensive prospect. In recent years, it is widely attended in the scientific-research field. Flow rate computational model of the MR throttle valve is derived by using Binham fluid model. The mathematical model of electromagnetic induction intensity for the MR throttle valve is established. The designed magnetorheological throttle valve is simple, compact and has some creativity. Proposed use of magnetorheological hydraulic components presents a problem.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Various Clustering and Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3184-3187
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Wide Range

In the recent field of research the wireless sensor network plays an important role. Wireless sensor network is an important technology in this era. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed network contains enormous sensor nodes with wide range of application. It transmits unlimited and enormous data like image, video, audio and data through end to end network. WSNs offer much solution to remote real time monitoring, recognition of physical occurrence and target tracking applications. This network growth is increasingly rapidly day by day and made the research field in difficult resurgence. The extended network lifetime, effective load balancing and scalability are essential for WSNs. The life time of the wireless network can be extended by the concept of clustering .Clustering is process of grouping the smaller localized networks in highly structured way. Diverse cluster technology available based on the network the clustering concept will be used. Efficient routing algorithm provide the way for efficient usage of bandwidth and reduce the delay in the network . This paper provides the survey of clustering and routing protocols to improve the efficiency in wireless technology in recent years

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Six Axis Robot for Industrial Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-959
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
The Many ◽  
Mathematical Modelling And Simulation ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Environment Condition

The proposed paper work is focused on the development of low cost six axis robot. The robot is modelled using mathematical model and it’s compared with the simulation model in the real time environment condition. The modeling of the robot is designed in the modeling software and it is simulated in the Matlab software. This type of solving system is used to solve the many type of real time problems. The simulated result is compared with the mathematical model of the robot. Based on the testing the robot is redesigned in the modeling software. In this work sin wave is given has input and the robot is followed the sine wave.

scholarly journals Passive Strategies to Improve the Comfort Conditions in a Geodesic Dome

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Frank Florez ◽  
Pedro Fernández de Córdoba ◽  
John Taborda ◽  
Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio ◽  
José Luis Higón-Calvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Geodesic Dome

Non-conventional thermal zones are low-cost and ecology friendly alternatives to the housing needs of populations in various situations, such as surviving natural disasters or addressing homelessness. However, it is necessary to guarantee thermal comfort for occupants, while aiming to minimize energy consumption and wastage in refrigeration systems. To reduce the cooling requirements in non-conventional thermal zones it is necessary to model the structure and analyze the principal factors contributing to internal temperature. In this paper, a geodesic dome is modellingusing the lumped parameter technique. This structure is composed of a wooden skeleton and wooden floor, with a canvas surface as its exterior. The mathematical model was tuned using experimental data, and its parameters were classified using Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. The mathematical model was used to evaluate the impact on internal temperature and occupants’ comfort when two strategies are considered. The results obtained indicatee internal temperature reductions down to a range of 7% to 11%; this result is reflected directly in the energy used to refrigerate the thermal zone, contributing to the objective of providing houses with lower energy consumption.

Mathematical modelling and experimental study of a solar distillation system

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Mahian ◽  
A Kianifar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Good Agreement

The production of potable water from saltwater or brackish water using solar distillation has been practised for many years in different parts of the world. However, little attention has been paid to the feasibility of this technique in Iran. In this work, a solar still with a basin area of 0.9 m2 and a glass cover in the form of a pyramid has been designed and constructed, and its performance is studied experimentally in Mashhad, Iran. Also, the performance of the solar still is modelled where a small fan was utilized to enhance the daily productivity of freshwater. In addition to the effect of forced convection caused by a fan, the effects of the water depth, the insulation thickness of the basin base, and the wind velocity have been investigated. The empirical results have been compared with the results obtained from the mathematical model and good agreement has been obtained. The results show that the use of a low-cost fan with negligible power can be an effective and economical way of enhancing the evaporation rate and hence freshwater production. Based on the mathematical model, the daily productivity of freshwater increases up to ∼ 56 per cent at a Reynolds number of 35 000. Finally, an effective range for the wind velocity as well as insulation thickness is presented in order to optimize the production rate of freshwater.

scholarly journals The Extended Monod Model for Microalgae Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Different Wastewaters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummal Aisha Farhana Mohd Sadiq ◽  
Meow En Yow ◽  
Siti Suhana Jamaian
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Verhulst Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Water pollution is a serious issue which always being concerned by public. Microalgae for wastewater treatment is an effective way to solve the problem due to its eco-friendly and apparently low cost. This research aims to investigate the efficiency of the mathematical model to estimate the microalgae growth and nutrient uptake by microalgae in wastewaters. The extended Monod model is applied in the Verhulst model to describe the microalgae growth and nutrient uptake by microalgae whereas microalgae Botryococcus sp. is the species of microalgae used in this research. The microalgae Botryococcus sp. growth and nutrient uptake in domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater are estimated and the results reveal that the extended Monod model is suitable for the estimation of microalgae growth and nutrient uptake by microalgae. In addition, microalgae Botryococcus sp. is promising for treating domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater.

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