scholarly journals Phytomass production and nutrient accumulation by green manure species

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Soares Mangaravite ◽  
Renato Ribeiro Passos ◽  
Felipe Vaz Andrade ◽  
Diego Lang Burak ◽  
Eduardo de Sá Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

Green manuring is recognized as a viable alternative to improve nutrient cycling in soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production and nutrient accumulation in shoots of the summer green manures jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.], dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajanvar var. Flavus DC.), dwarf mucuna [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr] and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), under nitrogen fertilization and/or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria. A split plot design was arranged with the four Fabaceae species as main plots and nitrogen fertilization (with and without) and inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (with and without) as the subplots, in a 2² factorial. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the conditions of this trial, the sunn hemp had the highest production of shoot phytomass (12.4 Mg ha-1) and nutrient accumulation, while the dwarf mucuna had the lowest production of shoot phytomass (3.9 Mg ha-1) and nutrient accumulation. The results showed no effect of nitrogen fertilization or inoculation with N-fixing bacteria on the production of shoot phytomass and nutrient accumulation, except for inoculation without nitrogen fertilization, resulting in greater P accumulation (p <0.05) in the sunn hemp and greater Zn and Mn accumulation in the dwarf mucuna. These findings indicate that N fertilization or inoculation with N2-fixing bacteria for Fabaceae are low efficiency practices in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Maize productivity in succession to cover crops, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-971
Author(s):  
Antônio C. dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Marco A. C. de Carvalho ◽  
Oscar M. Yamashita ◽  
Tauan R. Tavanti ◽  
Renan F. R. Tavanti
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Productivity

ABSTRACT The use of microorganisms in agriculture such as Azospirillum brasilense and the cultivation of cover crops in the off season, together with nitrogen fertilization, may be interesting alternatives to increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and nitrogen concentration of maize grown in succession to cover crops and their interactions with A. brasilense inoculation and topdressing mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted on Oxisol, in randomized block design in split-split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of four cover crops: jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and spontaneous vegetation. In the subplots, with or without inoculation of A. brasilense in maize seeds, and in the sub-subplots: with or without topdressing N fertilization. It was verified that jackbean can generate increments of up to 8.3% in grains per ear, 6.9% in length of ear and 15.2% in mass of one hundred grains. Consequently, the grain yield was higher in this treatment (18%). The inoculation with A. brasilense and topdressing N fertilization did not generate significant increments in maize production components, as observed for cover crops.

scholarly journals Tiller density and tillering on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Pedreira ◽  
P.L. Barbosa ◽  
L.E.T. Pereira ◽  
M.A. Mombach ◽  
L.F. Domiciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Tiller Density

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.

scholarly journals The comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a three-factor trial on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Mixed Systems ◽  
Plot Design

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present the comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a one-year study of protein yield for two types of hybrid maize cultivars under different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and doses of magnesium. The field trial was conducted in 2010 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Swadzim (Poland). The results obtained were analyzed in terms of three randomization-derived models of observations. Consideration was given to three mixed systems, which are combinations of split-plot design, split-block design and randomized complete block design. The relative efficiency of the designs with respect to estimation of some comparisons among treatment combination effects was examined. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization.

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF VEGETABLE AMARANTH AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 733c-733
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Successful Production

Influences of nitrogen (N) rate were evaluated on vegetable amaranth. Amaranthus tricolor, grown at uniform populations over two year. The main objective was to determine an optimum level of N fertilization for successful production in middle Georgia. In 1992 and 1993 accession `RRC 241' was planted in randomized complete block design on June 19 and 23, respectively. Four N rates, equally split were evaluated: 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. First of the applications were 18 and 13 days post planting for 1992 and 1993, and again when plants were 5 weeks old. Plants were harvested 48 days after planting with green yield, leaf fresh weight. and stem fresh weight collected in both years and leaf area for 1993. In years 1992 and 1993 green yields were 5.3 and 6.5, 10.7 and 9.0. 13.2 and 12.1, and 13.5 and 14.0 Mg ha-1. respectively for the 0, 45, 90, and 135 rates. In both years vegetative components showed significant regression for all treatments. Vegetative response (R2) for green yield in 1992 and 1993 was quadratic (85%) and linear (73%), leaf fresh weight in both years was cubic (63% and 48%), while stem fresh weight response was linear (29%) and cubic (72%). During 1993 leaf area was linear (58%). Non-significance predominantly occurred between the two higher rates for each year and when combined. indicating that 90 kg N ha-1 should provide optimal production of amaranth for the middle Georgia region.

scholarly journals Uji Multilokasi Sepuluh Galur Padi Untuk Menghasilkan Varietas Unggul Baru

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jaenudin Kartahadimaja ◽  
Eka Erlinda Syuriani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
High Yield Potential

Reduced productive rice fields to non-paddy fields, most possible extension of the nationalrice cultivation area to the suboptimal lands reaching ± 91.9 million ha. Technologypackages that can be applied include the use of new improved rice varieties through theassembling of varieties that have high yield potential, resistant to suboptimal soil stress. Theobjective of the research is to produce new superior rice varieties that are available invarious environments. The study used a split-plot design, as the main plot is an environmentconsisting of rice paddies and gogo, as a subplot is the genotype of rice. The treatment ineach environment is prepared using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Thetreatment consisted of 10 new rice strains and four varieties as a comparison. Variablesobserved (1) plant height; (2) the maximum number of shoots; (3) number of productiveshoots; (4) long panicle; (5) the number of grains per panicle; (6) the amount of graincontent of each panicle; (7) the number of empty grains per panicle; (8) weight of 1000grains of grain; (9) grain yield of each clump; (10) grain yield per hectare. Data wereanalyzed by variance if there was a difference between mean, median treatment, followed byLsd test at 5% level. The adaptability and yield stability of each strain was determined basedon the value of the coefficient of diversity (KK) (Francis and Kenneberg, 1978) in Syukur etal., (2012). The results showed that seven new rice strains had adaptations both planted asupland rice and lowland rice, namely strains B3, B4, F2, F3, H1, H4, and L2.

scholarly journals Effects of Raising Lowbush Blueberry Leaf Cu Concentration on Growth and Yield

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107B-1107
Author(s):  
John M. Smagula ◽  
Ilse W. Fastook
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Effect On Growth

Two experiments evaluated the Trevett (1972) Cu standard of 7 ppm by raising leaf Cu concentrations in a commercial blueberry field having low (∼4 ppm) leaf Cu concentrations. A foliar spray of Cu Keylate (5% Cu) (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.) in a volume of 627 L·ha-1 applied 0, 0.56 1.12, 1.68, or 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu. Ammonium sulfate at 3.1 kg·ha-1 was added to the solutions to enhance Cu absorption. A preemergent soil application of Micromate Calcium Fortified Mix (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.), a micronutrient mixture containing Cu (0.3%), was also tested at 14 kg·ha-1. These 6 treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete-block design in 2001. Treatments were reapplied in 2003 in a split-plot design with Cu treatments as the main plots and an application of DAP at 448 kg·ha-1 as the split plots. In 2001, leaf Cu concentrations increased linearly, up to 12 ppm, with increasing rates of Cu, but Micromate had no effect. Leaf N and P concentrations were below the standards of 1.6% and 0.125%, respectively, and could explain why raising leaf Cu concentrations had no effect on growth or yield. In 2003, DAP corrected the N and P deficiency and leaf Cu concentrations were raised to above the 7 ppm standard with 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu, but again, no effect on growth or yield was found. The Cu standard appears to be too high.

scholarly journals Ratooning Response of Lowland Rice NSIC Rc352 (Oryza sativa L.) to Method of Nitrogen Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Dionesio Banoc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

This study seeks to determine the effect of N fertilization method on ratoon lowland rice performance, to choose a fertilization method that provides high ratooned yield, and to assess its profitability adopting N fertilization method. The experiment lays out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and five N fertilization methods as treatments. Method of N application significantly affected the number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length and weight, number of filled and unfilled grains panicle-1. This method compensates cost of production of growing ratoon crop than those of the main crop. In fact, the highest profit (PhP25,564.80) was obtained in ratooned plants, which received 60 kg ha-1 N basal + 30 kg ha-1 N topdress application (T3) due to higher grain yield. Thereby, this is an appropriate option that provides high productivity and income for the ratoon growers.

scholarly journals MEASURING VIBRATION AT TRACTOR PLATFORM , STEERING WHEEL AND SEAT EFFECTIVE AMPLITUDE TRANSMISSIBILITY FACTOR DURING OPERATION TILLAGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. H. Al-Mafrachi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiment conducted to measure vibrations on three axes longitudinal X, lateral Y and vertical Z on steering wheel, platform tractor and vertical vibration in seat tractor and seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) factor during operation tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications least significant design 5 % used. Three factor were used in this experiment included two types of plows included chisel and disc plows which represented main plot, three tires inflation pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 bar, and three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Results showed disc plow recorded higher vibration values for three axes X,Y and Z on platform, steering wheel and vertical vibration seat tractor. No significant effect between chisel and disc plows in (SEAT) Factor. Tier pressure 2.7 bar recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Speed tractor 6.50 km/hr recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Vibration values increasing when increasing tiers inflation pressure and tractor speed. All interaction among treatments significant. Level of vibration in these experiment a cross legislated permissible vibration exposure limits in the world except  the vibration transmitted to steering wheel and tractor seat during tillage under 1.1 bar and tractor speed 2.35 km/hr.

scholarly journals Responses of Several Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Cultivars to Second Nitrogen Fertilization at Early Reproductive Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Sosiawan Nusifera ◽  
JS Simanjuntak ◽  
MS Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Pod Number

Research aimed to know responses of several mungbean cultivars to second nitrogen fertilization at early reproductive stage and find the best dose for each cultivar, was conducted in experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University started from January 2016 until March 2016. This was a factorial experiment arranged in randomized block design with two replications. The first factor was mungbean cultivars comprised four levels namely ‘Betet’,’Walet’, ‘Parkit’, ‘Perkutut’ and the second factor was second nitrogen fertilization comprised three levels namely without second fertilization, 30 kg N ha-1 , 40 kg N ha-1 , 50 kg N ha-1 . Variables observed were period of reproductive stage (days), number of pod per plant, number of filled pod per plant, seed weight per plant (g), and 1000 seed weight (g). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance continued with LSD test with significance level of 5%. Results indicated that there were different responses among four mungbean cultivars to second nitrogen fertilization at early reproductive stage, especially on variables of filled pod number per plant and seed weight per plant. Best dose for each cultivar was 40 kg N ha-1 for ‘Walet’ and 30 kg N ha-1 for Parkit, whereas on cultivar ‘Betet’ and ‘Perkutut’, second N fertilization seemed to have no significant effect.

scholarly journals Inbreeding depression and average genetic components in green corn genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Carlos Kuki ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Alex Sandro Torre Figueiredo ◽  
Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the inbreeding depression and average genetic components in seven hybrids and two open pollinated cultivars for green corn production, as well as to select the best genotypes in order to obtain base populations for inbred lines extraction. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a split plot design, with inbreeding levels arranged in the plots and the different genotypes distributed over the subplots, in the municipality of Sabáudia - PR, during the 2014/15 crop season. Higher values of dominance and inbreeding depression were observed for yield of both unhusked and commercial ears. Higher additive effects were detected on length and diameter of commercial ears. The genotypes AM811, Cativerde 02 and AG4051 showed greater probability of obtaining highly productive and higher quality green corn inbred lines.

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