scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from the Concentrated Liquid Fraction of Pig Slurries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. L. Velthof ◽  
R. P. J. J. Rietra
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mineral N

Processed manure can be an alternative source of nutrients for untreated manure and mineral fertilizers. Mineral concentrates (MCs) are derived from reversed osmosis of the liquid fraction of separated pig slurries. The emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from different (processed) manures and fertilizers were tested in an incubation experiment and a greenhouse experiment with grass as a test crop. Dry matter yields and nitrogen (N) uptake were also determined in the greenhouse experiment. Incorporation into the soil decreased on NH3 emission but increased N2O emission for all nitrogen products (mineral fertilizer, untreated slurry, MC, and solid fraction of separated slurry). Incorporation of both MC, slurries, and mineral fertilizers increased N2O emission in the incubation experiment. The lowest apparent N recovery (ANR) in the pot experiment with grass was obtained for incorporated pig slurry (30–39%) and surface-applied MC (33–38%), while the highest ANRs were obtained for liquid ammonium nitrate (45–53%) and acidified MC (43–55%). It is concluded that MCs have a similar N fertilizer value as mineral N fertilizers if NH3 emission is reduced by incorporation or acidification.

scholarly journals ORGANIC NITROGEN IN A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Juliano Corulli Correa ◽  
Maria Sueli Heberle Mafra ◽  
Jonas Panisson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
N Fractions ◽  
Annual Application

The application of pig slurry may have a different effect on nitrogen dynamics in soil compared to mineral fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the different forms of organic N in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (Typic Hapludox) and their relationship to N uptake by crops in response to 10 years of annual application of pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. The treatments were application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry, in addition to mineral fertilizer, organized in a randomized block design with four replications. The N contents were determined in the plant tissue and in the forms of total N and acid hydrolyzed fractions: ammonium-N, hexosamine-N, α-amino-N, amide-N, and unidentified-N. Annual application of pig slurry or mineral fertilizer increased the total-N content in the 0-10 cm depth layer. The main fractions of organic N in the soil were α-amino-N when pig slurry was applied and unidentified-N in the case of mineral fertilizers. Pig slurry increased the N fractions considered as labile: α-amino-N, ammonium-N, and amide-N. The increase in these labile organic N fractions in the soil through pig slurry application allows greater N uptake by the maize and oat crops in a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Waste composts as nitrogen fertilizers for forage leys

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. TONTTI ◽  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
M. KUISMA
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Plant Yields

Two field experiments, conventional grass ley and organic grass-clover ley, were established with barley as a nurse crop in spring 2000 and given either low or high fertilization with mineral fertilizer (Mineral) or composts. The compost types were municipal biowaste (Biowaste), biowaste + sewage sludge (BioSludge) and cattle manure (Manure). Plant yields and nitrogen (N) uptakes were measured for three years and efficiency of N utilization was estimated. In single application of compost, the total N was mainly in organic form and less than 10% was in inorganic form. Along with increasing amount of inorganic N applied in compost, the yield, N uptake and N recovery increased during the application year. The highest compost N recovery in the application year was 12%, found with Biowaste. In the following years the highest N recovery was found where the lowest total N had been applied. Clover performance was improved in the organic grass-clover ley established with BioSludge fertilization, producing total ley yield comparable with Manure compost. High total N application in composts caused high N surplus and low N use efficiency over three years. Generally, moderate compost fertilization is suitable for ley crops when supplemented with mineral N fertilizer or clover N fixation.;

Early sowing increases nitrogen uptake and yields of winter wheat grown with cattle slurry or mineral fertilizers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suarez-Tapia ◽  
J. Rasmussen ◽  
I. K. Thomsen ◽  
B. T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
North West

AbstractThe current study evaluated the effect of sowing date (early, mid-August or timely, mid-September) on two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Hereford, Mariboss) with different rates of nitrogen (N) (0–225 kg total N/ha) applied as animal manure (AM; cattle slurry) or mineral fertilizers (N: phosphorus: potassium; NPK). Overwinter plant N uptake and soil mineral N content were determined during 2014/15, while harvest yields (grain, straw, N content) were determined during 2014/15 and 2015/16. Overwinter uptake of N was 14 kg N/ha higher in early than in timely-sown wheat. Despite very different yield levels in 2015 and 2016 harvests, the advantage of early sowing on grain yields was similar (1.1 and 0.9 t/ha); straw yield benefits were greater in 2015 (1.7 t/ha more) than in 2016 (0.4 t/ha more). In 2015 and 2016, N offtake was 35 and 17 kg N/ha higher in early than in timely-sown wheat, respectively. The mineral N fertilizer value of cattle slurry averaged 50%. Early sowing increased the apparent N recovery (ANR) for wheat regardless of nutrient source. However, ANR was substantially higher for NPK (82% in 2015; 52% in 2016) than for AM (39% in 2015; 27% in 2016). Performance of the two cultivars did not differ consistently with respect to the effect of early sowing on crop yield, N concentration and offtake, or ANR. Within the north-west European climatic region, moving the sowing time of winter wheat from mid-September to mid-August provides a significant yield and N offtake benefit.

scholarly journals Green manure incorporation timing for organically grown broccoli

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Peternelli ◽  
Tatiana Pires Barrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Release

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of incorporation timing of the velvet bean (Stizolobium cinereum) (GM) on both organic broccoli yield and N status. Mineral N content in the soil, biologically fixed N recovery by broccoli, GM biomass decomposition and N release kinetics were also determined. Plots were fertilized with 12 Mg ha-1 of organic compost and received GM either at 0, 15, 30 or 45 days after transplant. Other treatments were compost (12 or 25 Mg ha-1), GM, mineral fertilizers and control (no fertilizer). The data were collected in four completely randomized blocks. GM decomposition increased mineral N content in soil as rapidly as mineral fertilizer or the supply of 25 Mg ha-1 of compost. The N half-life in GM (24 days) is smaller than the mass half-life (35 days) and the biological fixation contributed with 23.6% of N present in the aboveground biomass of broccoli. The result suggests a higher synchrony between the crop relative growth rate and N release from the GM when incorporated at crop early growth stage. The incorporation of GM until 15 days after transplanting replaces 50% of the highest compost dose, without yield loss.

scholarly journals Maize yield after long-term application of pig slurry

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
June F. S. Menezes ◽  
Mariana P. da Silva ◽  
Jeander O. Caetano ◽  
Veridiana C. G. Cantão ◽  
Vinícius de M. Benites
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Maize Crop

ABSTRACT Organic wastes produced in large quantities in pig farms, such as liquid swine manure (LSM), can become a good alternative source of nutrients for agriculture, thus enabling total or partial replacement of mineral fertilizers in agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of LSM as a substitute of mineral fertilizer in the maize crop under Cerrado soil conditions. The treatments consisted of using mineral fertilization recommended for the maize crop; without fertilization; and LSM doses (25, 50,100 and 200 m3 ha-1). Maize grain yield was evaluated in the 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2011/2012 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. The mineral fertilization in maize can be replaced by pig slurry doses from 100 m3 ha-1 in a Cerrado soil (dystroferric Red Latosol with clayey texture) with no loss of yield components.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Affected by Fertilization Type (Pig Slurry vs. Mineral) and Soil Management in Mediterranean Rice Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Beatriz Moreno-García ◽  
Mónica Guillén ◽  
Dolores Quílez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N

The great increase in livestock production in some European areas makes it necessary to recycle organic slurries and manures and to integrate them in crop production. In Northeast Spain, the application of pig slurry (PS) is being extended to alternative crops such as rice due to the great increase in pig production. However, there is a lack of information of the effect of substitution of synthetic fertilizers with pig slurry on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rice crop, and this information is key for the sustainability of these agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of mineral fertilizers by PS on GHG emissions in Mediterranean flooded rice cultivation conditions under optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization. Two field experiments were carried out in two different (contrasting) soil types with different land management. Site 1 had been cultivated for rice in the previous three years with no puddling practices. Site 2 had been cultivated for rice for more than 15 years with puddling tillage practices and had higher organic matter content than site 1. The cumulative nitrous oxide emissions during the crop season were negative at both sites, corroborating that under flooded conditions, methane is the main contributor to global warming potential rather than nitrous oxide. The substitution of mineral fertilizer with PS before seeding at the same N rate did not increase emissions in both sites. However, at site 1 (soil with lower organic matter content), the higher PS rate applied before seeding (170 kg N ha−1) increased methane emissions compared to the treatments with lower PS rate and mineral fertilizer before seeding (120 kg N ha−1) and complemented with topdressing mineral N. Thus, a sustainable strategy for inclusion of PS in rice fertilization is the application of moderate PS rates before seeding (≈120 kg N ha−1) complemented with mineral N topdressing.

Influence of paper mill sludges on corn yields and N recovery

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N’Dayegamiye ◽  
S. Huard ◽  
Y. Thibault
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Efficiency

Mixed paper mill sludges are an important source of N for crop production. An estimate of direct and residual N recovery is necessary for their efficient management. A 3-yr field study (1997-1999) was conducted in central Quebec, Canada, to evaluate mixed paper mill sludges (PMS) effects on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and N nutrition, N recovery and N efficiency. The effects of PMS on soil NO3-N and total N levels were also determined. The study was situated on a silt loam Baudette soil (Humic Gleysol). The treatments included 3 PMS rates (30, 60 and 90 t ha-1 on wet basis) applied alone or in combination with N fertilizer (90 and 135 kg N ha-1, respectively, for 60 and 30 t ha-1). Treatments also included a control without PMS or N fertilizer, and a complete mineral N fertilizer (180 kg N ha-1) as recommended for corn. The previous plots were split beginning with the second year of the experiment, for annual and biennal PMS applications. Similar treatments as above were made on an adjacent site to evaluate N recovery under climatic conditions in 1999. In all years, PMS applied alone significantly increased corn yields by 1.5–5 t ha-1, compared to the unfertilized control. However, corn yields and N uptake were highest from the application of PMS in combination with N fertilizer. Biennial PMS applications at 60 to 90 ha-1 significantly increased corn yields and N uptake, which suggest high PMS residual effect; however, these increases were lower than those obtained with annual PMS applications. The N efficiency varied in 1997 from 13.0 to 15.4 kg grain kg N-1 for mineral N fertilizer and ranged from 3 to 13.7 kg grain kg N-1 for PMS, decreasing proportionally to increasing PMS rates. Apparent N recovery ranged from 1 3 to 19% in 1997 and from 10 to 14% in the residual year (1998), compared to 30 and 49%, respectively, for mineral N fertilizer. Depending on the PMS rate, N recovery varied from 13 to 21% in 1999. The results indicate high N supplying capacity and high r esidual N effects of PMS, which probably influenced corn yields and N nutrition. Annual PMS applications alone or combined with mineral N fertilizer had no significant effect on soil NO3-N and total N levels. This study demonstrates that application of low PMS rate (30 t ha-1) combined with mineral N fertilizer could achieve high agronomic, economic and environmental benefits on farms. Key words: Mixed paper mill sludges, corn yields, N uptake, N efficiency, residual effects, soil N

scholarly journals Spring barley yield and nitrogen recovery after application of peat manure and pig slurry

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. MATTILA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The effectiveness of peat manure, manufactured of pig slurry and moderately humified Sphagnum peat (slurry:peat ca. 1:1.5 v/v), as nitrogen (N) source for spring barley was investigated in a four.year field experiment on a clay loam soil in south-western Finland. Pig slurry, NPK fertilizer and plain peat were used as references. Manures were incorporated before sowing or surface-applied after sowing in spring at an ammoniacal N rate of.54.106 kg.ha-1 with or without supplementary NPK fertilizer (40.kg N.ha-1). Soil moisture conditions were varied by different irrigation treatments. Peat manure produced 5.15% higher grain yields than pig slurry, with the largest difference after surface application. Incorporation was more important for slurry than for peat manure in increasing N uptake and yield. Soil moisture deficit in spring and early summer limited the availability of manure N. Part of the manure N that was not available in the early growing period was apparently taken up by the crop later. Consequently, N concentration tended to be higher with lower yields, and differences in the recovery of manure N were smaller than the differences in grain yield. Supplementation of manures with inorganic fertilizer N increased yield by 37%, on average, and improved the N recovery.;

scholarly journals Organo - mineral fertilization of wheat: impact on growth and N - recovery using 15N - stable isotope

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-821
Author(s):  
MM Ismail ◽  
Ahmed A. Moursy
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
15N Stable Isotope

Investigation was carried out to follow up the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on yield of wheat plants grown on sand soil using 15N stable isotope. Dry matter accumulation of wheat straw yielded 14.70 g/pot and grains yielded 12.72 g/pot with application of 50% As + BF. The highest values of N-uptake by straw and grains were 144.08 mg N/pot and 320.54 mg N/pot, respectively when treated with 50% As + BF. Portions of different N sources i.e. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer (% Ndff), nitrogen derived from air (% Ndfa) and fertilizer use efficiency (% FUE), gained by grains were (% 28.20), (% 19.70) and (% 34.31) as affected by addition of (50% ammonium sulphate (As) + Bio fertilizer, (25% rice straw (Rs) + 25% As + BF) and ( 25% chicken manure (CM) + 25% As + BF), respectively.

scholarly journals Perda de Solo e Água e Riscos Ambientais da Concentração de Nutrientes no Escoamento Superficial em Solo Cultivado no Sistema de Plantio Direto e Submetido a Adubações Orgânicas e Mineral (Soil and Water Losses and Environmental Risks of nutrient concentr

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 093
Author(s):  
Jully Gabriela Retzlaf de Oliveira ◽  
Graziela Moraes de Cesare Barbosa ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Eloisa Cristiane Torres
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
No Till ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Simulated Rain

Os resíduos de animais constituem uma excelente fonte de nutrientes, especialmente nitrogênio - N e fósforo - P, por outro lado, aplicações em quantidades elevadas de dejetos podem extrapolar os benefícios do fertilizante e aumentar os riscos ambientais, implicando em altas cargas de nutrientes, metais e patógenos no ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as perdas de água, solo e nutrientes no escoamento superficial e os riscos ambientais advindos destas perdas em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico cultivado no Sistema de Plantio Direto e submetido a adubações orgânicas com dejeto líquido suíno e cama de aviário e adubação mineral. As avaliações foram realizadas na área experimental do IAPAR em Londrina - PR em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, submetido ao Sistema de Plantio Direto. Os tratamentos constituíram de Controle (sem adubação); adubação mineral - AM (60 kg N ha-1 através da fórmula 10-30-10); doses de Dejeto Líquido Suíno – DLS: DLS 100 (equivalente a 60 kg N ha-1), DLS 200 (equivalente a 120 kg N ha-1) e doses de Cama de Aviário – CA: CA100 (equivalente a 60 kg N ha-1) e CA 200 (equivalente a 120 kg N ha-1). As avaliações foram realizadas através de chuva simulada em dois períodos (junho/2010 e setembro/2012). As perdas de água, solo e concentrações de NH4+, NO3-, Pdisp., Zn e Cu no escoamento superficial observadas neste estudo constituem uma fonte poluidora para águas superficiais de classe I, indicando que a aplicação de adubos orgânicos e mineral deve ser monitorada para não causar contaminação ambiental e riscos à saúde humana.    ABSTRACT Animal waste are an excellent source of nutrients, particularly nitrogen – N and phosphorus - P, on the other hand, applications in high amounts of waste can exceed the benefits of fertilizer and increase environmental hazards, resulting in high loads of nutrients, pathogens and metals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water, soil and nutrients losses in runoff and environmental risks from these losses in a Oxisol cultivated in No-Till System and subjected to organic fertilization with pig slurry and poultry manure and mineral fertilizer. The evaluations were performed in the experimental area of IAPAR in Londrina - PR for a Oxisol, submitted to No-Till System. The treatments were control (without fertilizer); mineral fertilizer - MF (60 kg N ha-1 using the formula 10-30-10); Pig Slurry – PS doses: PS 100 (equivalent to 60 kg N ha-1), PS 200 (equivalent to 120 kg N ha-1) and Poultry Manure - PM doses: PM 100 (equivalent to 60 kg N ha -1) and PM 200 (equivalent to 120 kg ha-1). The evaluation was performed using simulated rain in two periods (June / 2010 and September / 2012). The water and soil losses, and NH4+, NO3-, available P, Zn and Cu concentrations in runoff observed in this study are a source of pollution to surface water class I, indicating that the application of organic and mineral fertilizers should be monitored for not cause environmental contamination and risks to human health. Keywords: Pig Slurry; Poultry Manure; Water Erosion; Environmental Pollution.   

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