scholarly journals Influence of Plastic Covering on the Microclimate in Vineyards in the São Francisco River Valley Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário de Miranda Vilas Boas Ramos Leitão ◽  
Pedro Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Paulo César da Silva Lima ◽  
Gertrudes Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos

Abstract Data from field experiments conducted in table grape vineyards variety of Festival in Petrolina-PE in the period from September 19 to October 12, 2010 were used to evaluate the influence of plastic cover on microclimate conditions of vineyards in São Francisco River Valley region. Three treatments were studied: canopies without plastic cover (WC); with plastic cover positioned at 50 cm (PC50), and at 100 cm (PC100) above canopy. The results indicate that the plastic cover prevented the passage of about 40% of the global and net radiation, retained the relative humidity inside the canopy, generated an increase of air temperature and marked reduction in wind speed over the canopy of treatment PC50. However, treatment PC100 had a higher incidence of short wavelength and net radiation under canopy (on the berries) than WC and PC50 treatments, resulting in more favorable weather conditions, providing about 40% greater productivity in this treatment. Therefore, the vineyard with plastic cover placed at 100 cm above canopy represents a more suitable alternative to the climatic conditions of the region of the São Francisco River Valley.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Pedro V. de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos A.C. dos Santos ◽  
Paulo C. da S. Lima ◽  
Mário de M.V.B. Ramos Leitão ◽  
Gertrudes M. de Oliveira ◽  
...  

Abstract Data from field experiments conducted in vineyards table grape variety of Festival in Petrolina-PE, from October/2009 to November/2010, were used to evaluate the influence of the plastic cover on productivity and economic profitability of the viticulture in the São Francisco River Valley. Three treatments were studied: uncovered canopy (UC), plastic cover placed at 50 cm above the canopy (PC50), and a plastic cover placed at 100 cm above the canopy (PC100). The results indicated that the increased supply of radiative fluxes at the height of the berries in the treatment PC100 contributed to higher productivity, while treatment PC50 had the lowest offer of irradiative fluxes at the height of berries and much lower productivity. The yield obtained in the treatment PC100 exceeded 11 t ha-1 and 12.3 t ha-1 to those of treatments at UC and PC50, respectively. Treatment PC100 also had the lowest amounts of defects of berries, which contributed to higher total revenue. By contrast, treatment PC50 had markedly lower productivity, which represented considerable economic losses.


Agrometeoros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Evangelista Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Gertrudes Macario de Oliveira ◽  
Ruy De Carvalho Rocha ◽  
Mário de Miranda Vilas Boas Ramos Leitão ◽  
Luciano Roniê Calado

Different cowpea genotypes respond differently to water regimes and to different climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of cowpea to different irrigation depths in the Submedium São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of DTCS/UNEB, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, from November/2016 to January/2017, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme randomized block design (cowpea genotypes x irrigation depths), with three replicates. The genotypes used were BRS Acauã and Canapu and irrigation depths, obtained based on 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of ETo. Physiological characteristics, production components and water use efficiency were analyzed. Increased irrigation depths only caused a significant effect on mass of one 100 grains. With water availability and climatic conditions observed during the experiment, BRS Acauã outperformed Canapu, with a better yield performance. BRS Acauã genotype had a better response in water use efficiency for grain yield, exceeding Canapu by 47.21%.


Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy De Carvalho Rocha ◽  
Gertrudes Macario de Oliveira ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues ◽  
Mário de Miranda Vilas Boas Ramos Leitão ◽  
Adheilton Rogers Pilé de Carvalho

The effects of adverse climate constrain vegetable production, and protected cultivation has shown to be a promising technique in maximizing yield. However, protected environments might change with meteorological elements, particularly solar radiation, consequently affecting gas exchanges. The aim of this study was to assess gas exchanges of tomato hybrids cultivated in different environments in the Sub-medium region of the São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted from August to December 2006, in the experimental area of DTCS/ UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, in a 5 x 2 (environments x tomato hybrids) factorial experiment design with randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replicates. The factor environment was subdivided in open field and four covered environments with shading screens, and tomato hybrids were C-5240 e D-4768. Gas exchanges were evaluated in the period ranging from October 24 to 10, 2006 (flowering/ fruiting stage). Variables analyzed were: PAR radiation, net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf temperature. There was significant difference between tomatoes cultivated in open field and in protected environments for all variables, except for leaf temperature. Regardless of type of cover, there was a positive effect of shading on decreased PAR radiation compared to open field, in favor of gas exchanges, under the climatic conditions of the Sub-medium region of the São Francisco River Valley.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vágna Da Costa Pereira ◽  
Gilberto Chohaku Sediyama ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra De Moura ◽  
Thieres George Freire Da Silva ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos De Souza

EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DA ÁGUA EM VIDEIRA ‘SYRAH’ IRRIGADA NO SUBMÉDIO DO VALE SÃO FRANCISCO1 VÁGNA DA COSTA PEREIRA1; GILBERTO CHOHAKU SEDIYAMA2; MAGNA SOELMA BESERRA DE MOURA3; THIERES GEORGE FREIRE DA SILVA4 E LUCIANA SANDRA BASTOS DE SOUZA51Resultado da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor2Doutoranda em Meteorologia Agrícola – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola – Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Campus Viçosa – 36570-900 – Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected]. Titular – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola – Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Campus Viçosa – 36570-900 – Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected] – Núcleo Temático de Recursos Naturais – Embrapa Semiárido – 56302-970 – Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil, [email protected]. Adjunto – Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – 56909-535 – Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brasil, [email protected]. Assistente – Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – 56909-535 – Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brasil, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo estimar a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) na videira ‘Syrah’ irrigada no Submédio do Vale São Francisco, com base no rendimento em função da evapotranspiração da cultura e da transpiração máxima. Para isso, a evapotranspiração da cultura foi determinada pelo balanço de energia com base no método da razão de Bowen (ETcBERB), enquanto a transpiração máxima (TR) foi estimada pelo modelo de Penman-Monteith modificado com base no índice de área foliar da cultura. Os dados micrometeorológicos foram monitorados durante um ciclo produtivo por meio de uma estação automática localizada no parreiral. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) também foi calculada ao longo do experimento, pelo método de Penman-Monteith parametrizado no boletim 56 da FAO. A ETo e a ETcBERB corresponderam ao valor total de 474,0 e 376,4 mm ciclo-1, com valor médio diário de 3,9 e 3,1 mm, respectivamente. A TR oscilou entre 3,5 e 0,9 mm d-1, com volume total durante o ciclo de 284,4 mm. A EUA, com base no total de água consumida e transpirada, foi de 1,17 kg m-3 e 1,55 kg m-3, respectivamente. O método do BERB e o modelo de Penman-Monteith modificado para plantas isoladas apresentaram resultados confiáveis para estimativa da EUA sob as condições climáticas da região do Submédio do Vale São Francisco. No entanto, torna-se necessário que novos estudos nesse sentido com a cultura da videira para produção de vinhos sejam realizados, principalmente nesta região Semiárida, onde a maioria das pesquisas voltadas para o manejo do vinhedo ainda estão em desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: semiárido, evapotranspiração, razão de Bowen, transpiração máxima   PEREIRA, V. C.; SEDIYAMA, G. C.; MOURA, M. S. B.; SILVA, T. G. F.; SOUZA, L. S. B.WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN IRRIGATED "SYRAH'' GRAPE PLANTATION AT SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER VALLEY  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the water use efficiency (WUE) in  irrigated ‘Syrah’ grapevine plantation at São Francisco River valley, on the basis of yields as a function of crop evapotranspiration and maximum transpiration. To this end, the crop evapotranspiration was determined by energy balance based on the Bowen ratio method (ETcBERB), while the maximum transpiration (TR) was estimated by the modified Penman-Monteith equation based on the crop leaf area index. The micrometeorological data within the vineyard canopy were monitored using an automatic micrometeorological station, during a productive cycle. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was also calculated during that period using the FAO parameterized Penman-Monteith equation. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and the crop evapotranspiration determined by BREB method (ETcBERB), during the crop cycle, were 474.0 and 376.4 mm cycle-1, respectively, with a daily average of 3.9 and 3.1 mm. The TR rate ranged between 3.5 and 0.9 mm d-1, with total volume during 284.4 mm cycle -1. The WUE, on the basis of the total water consumed and transpiration, was 1.17 kg m-3 and 1.55 kg m-3, respectively. The BERB method and the Penman-Monteith model modified to isolated plants showed reliable results to estimate the WUE under the climatic conditions of São Francisco River valley. However, new studies on grape culture for wine production are necessary, especially in this semiarid region, where most researches focused on the vineyard management are still in development. Keywords: Bowen ratio. Evapotranspiration. Maximum transpiration. Semiarid. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
WELSON LIMA SIMÕES ◽  
MARCOS ANTONIO DRUMOND ◽  
ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
SÉRGIO LUIZ GONÇALVES ◽  
MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES

ABSTRACT The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha-1 and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
BRUNO FRANÇA DA TRINDADE LESSA ◽  
MATHEUS ALVES DA PAZ ◽  
ARIEL MARQUES REGES ◽  
IGOR SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MIRELLA RODRIGUES ANTUNES

ABSTRACT Information on the different species that compose a weed community is essential for plant protection managements in production systems, which should include not only flora identification and diversity assessments, but morphological and ecophysiological aspects that can to show the potential effect of the agrosystem and guide the conduction of weed control strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological surveying to identify the grouping patterns of weed populations in vineyards in the Petrolina-Juazeiro irrigated perimeter, in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. The absolute and relative values of weed frequency, density, abundance, importance value index, population distribution level, and similarity between areas were evaluated in five properties. A high diversity of species of the families Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Asteraceae were found. The most important species found were Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia hirta, and Cyperus aggregatus. The distribution of populations was mainly in aggregate and highly aggregate forms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vieira Amorim ◽  
Alessandro Carlos Mesquita ◽  
Lígia Borges Marinho ◽  
Vanuza De Souza ◽  
Saulo De Tarso Aidar ◽  
...  

The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – CET), subplots were comprised of the two melon cultivars, and sub-subplots were comprised of samplings for physiological analyses (15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting). The parameters evaluated were stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, relationship CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. Water stress reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. 'Piel de Sapo' showed a higher photosynthetic adjustment than 'Amarelo' melon due to the gas exchange behaviour of the former, and it was, therefore, more tolerant to water stress.


2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudiney Ringenberg ◽  
João Roberto Spotti Lopes ◽  
Cristiane Müller ◽  
Wilson Sampaio de Azevedo-Filho ◽  
Beatriz Aguiar Jordão Paranhos ◽  
...  

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