scholarly journals Assessment of Precipitation Trends in the Sertão Paraibano Mesoregion

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susane Eterna Leite Medeiros ◽  
Raphael Abrahão ◽  
Iker García-Garizábal ◽  
Idmon Melo B.M. Peixoto ◽  
Louise Pereira da Silva

Abstract The state of Paraíba, located in the northeastern region of Brazil, comprises 223 municipalities and covers an area of 56,469 km2. Paraíba is divided into four major mesoregions: Zona da Mata, Agreste, Borborema and Sertão Paraibano. For this study, the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, a semiarid area, was chosen to understand vulnerability to climate change, taking into account the region’s economic importance for water and energy supply. The Mann-Kendall non-parametric test was applied to evaluate trends in the historical series of monthly, trimestrial, biannual and annual precipitation data. The series utilized corresponded to the period 1912-2012 and were built from data generated by five meteorological stations distributed throughout the mesoregion. These stations are maintained by the Executive Agency for Water Management (AESA) and National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS). The results indicated increasing precipitation trends for the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, especially in the annual evaluation, for the first semester of the year (January to June), for the trimester December-January-February and the month of January, with slopes between 2.67 mm/year and 5.45 mm/year. The results evidenced the need to deepen studies on the influence of climate change in the area, to promote prompt adaptation measures.

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 104793
Author(s):  
Christian Salvadeo ◽  
Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna ◽  
Héctor Reyes-Bonilla ◽  
Antonina Ivanova-Bonchera ◽  
David Petatán Ramírez ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev

Introduction. Despite the global pandemic, reducing the negative effects of global warming and adapting to its devastating effects remains a pressing global problem. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Political, economic, innovative, scientific, technical and social approaches and measures to reduce and/or neutralize climate change and adapt to warming are widely discussed. World organizations - IPCC, IEA, WMO, etc. are involved in solving the problems. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present the results of research and measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the energy sector - the largest producer of emissions. The main emphasis is on improving the energy efficiency of energy end-use, in particular, disseminating the experience of operational O&M (operation and maintenance) maintenance of passive buildings "zero-energy" in their energy supply from RES, as well as economic and financial leverage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are used. Weather-dependent (climatic) maintenance of the diagnostic-demonstration passive house of the "zero-energy" type with continuous system monitoring of parameters of engineering systems and building constructions and meteorological environment is organized. Results. Experience has been gained in the development and use of innovative energy-efficient technologies for energy supply of a demonstration passive house with O&M service by means of monitoring weather indicators and adaptation measures to climate change. Conclusions. The accumulated experience in the development of innovative energy efficient energy supply technologies and adaptation measures to climate change in O&M maintenance of zero-energy ITTF building of the NAS of Ukraine can be used in energy, in particular in municipal energy, and for the development of low-carbon energy. The use of approaches related to the taxation of excessive greenhouse gas emissions, or taking into account the decarbonization of the economy of production of goods and services in export-import operations, will also help reduce global warming.


Author(s):  
Rupan Raghuvanshi ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Ansari

Climate change has emerged as one of the key determinants of agricultural productivity. Risks perceptions of farmers’ towards climate change and its impact on agriculture are said to be a strong predictor of their behavioural intentions to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.  Consequently, measuring farmers’ perception about risks associated with climate change is of paramount importance and needs to be studied so that appropriate adaptation measures could be undertaken to mitigate the productivity losses. The present study was an attempt to develop a scale to measure the farmers risk perception about climate change which could be used by researchers. Likert’s summated rating technique was followed for the construction of perception scale. The process started with selection of 30 statements on the bases of Mean Relevancy Weightage (MRW) scores; and the statements were given to 30 farmers in four purposively selected villages (based on their degree of vulnerability to climate change as determined by a State government Report) in Kumaon division Uttarakhand, a North Himalayan state of India which is perennially susceptible to climate change risks and uncertainties. The scale developed finally consisted of 20 statements. The reliability and validity of the scale was computed to find out the precision and consistency of the results. This scale will be useful for researchers and academicians studying farmers’ perceptions towards climate change and its impact on agriculture. It would also be useful for policy makers for developing risk management strategies.


Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. ALAMGIR ◽  
Jun FURUYA ◽  
Shintaro KOBAYASHI ◽  
Mostafiz BINTE ◽  
Md. SALAM

Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of poverty. It is essential that poverty projections be estimated while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to perform an agrarian sub-national regional analysis of climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh under various climate change scenarios and evaluate its potential impact on poverty. This study is relevant to socio-economic research on climate change vulnerability and agriculture risk management and has the potential to contribute new insights to the complex interactions between household income and climate change risks to agricultural communities in Bangladesh and South Asia. This study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, decomposition of variance and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that can be used to ascertain vulnerability levels and help us to understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially generate. It is found that the levels and sources of income vary greatly among regions of Bangladesh. The variance decomposition of income showed that agricultural income in Mymensingh and Rangpur is the main cause of the total income difference among all sources of income. Moreover, a large variance in agricultural income among regions is induced by the gross income from rice production. Additionally, even in the long run the gradual, constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not a severe problem for farmers. However, extreme events such as floods, flash floods, droughts, sea level rise and greenhouse gas emissions, based on Representative concentration pathways (RCPs), could increase the poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Barisal and Khulna—regions that would be greatly affected by unexpected yield losses due to extreme climatic events. Therefore, research into and development of adaptation measures to climate change in regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income are important.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Lee ◽  
Ching-Pin Tung ◽  
Tzu-Ming Liu ◽  
Jung-Hsuan Tsao ◽  
Gin-Rong Liu ◽  
...  

Humans live in complicated social-ecological systems within which we interact with our surrounding environment. This interaction is of concern to various disciplines, which focus on various system elements (factors), many of which are mutually interacting. Assessments of vulnerability to climate change assist us in realizing the magnitude of the impact of various climate change factors, allowing us to determine and adopt appropriate adaptation measures. Nevertheless, previous impact-driven vulnerability assessments are either disciplinary or multidisciplinary and cannot easily account for the interaction between different disciplines. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment method (IVAM) to develop a framework by which interdisciplinary vulnerabilities can be understood. In addition, IVAM processes can promote the emergence of an interdisciplinary system, which could be used to identify the scope of interdisciplinary influence of a particular policy, along with the critical elements (factors) and government stakeholders of such policies. This research seeks to further the policy goals of the national government of Taiwan vis-à-vis climate change, covering the joint cooperation of experts from fields including environmental disaster management, public health, food security, ecology, and water resource management. The specific advantage of IVAM, however, is that this universal model is not limited to any of these specific disciplines.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (47) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Regina Alves Cavalcanti Silva ◽  
Rodrigo De Queiroga Miranda ◽  
Pedro Dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Viviane Pedroso Gomes ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio

<p>A Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho do Pontal está localizada na região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, próxima a importantes polos de fruticultura irrigada como o de Petrolina-Juazeiro, porém, pela baixa disponibilidade hídrica a agricultura irrigada apresenta grandes limitações. Por essa razão, levar-se em consideração apenas a problemática da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia sem que haja estudos relevantes em relação às mudanças climáticas, pode vir a ocasionar uma série de dificuldades em relação à oferta de água. Dessa forma, utilizou-se uma metodologia empregada em países como Estados Unidos e Austrália para o diagnóstico do estresse hidrológico, que estima através de métodos estatísticos, a vulnerabilidade das mudanças climáticas da Bacia e a demanda da população pelos recursos hídricos. A metodologia leva em consideração a dinâmica natural da Bacia com base na série histórica das vazões naturais de 1935 a 1985, portanto antes das modificações acarretadas pela ação antrópica tais como: obras de regularização de vazões realizadas por reservatórios, desvios de água, evaporações em reservatórios, usos consuntivos, etc. A partir dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que a Bacia apresenta uma alta variabilidade climática, alta não-estacionariedade da série hidrológica analisada, alta vulnerabilidade às mudanças climáticas, alta razão de uso dos recursos hídricos e alto estresse hidrológico, indicando com isso que os sistemas de abastecimento de água da região atuam no limite da capacidade, sendo sujeita a variações nos padrões climáticos, bem como indica a impossibilidade da Bacia ofertar água suficiente para atender as demandas, de forma que a sua integração com a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco é a alternativa mais viável para a realidade da região.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>mudanças climáticas, disponibilidade hídrica, fruticultura irrigada, integração de Bacias hidrográficas.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The river basin Pontal is localized in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, near to big centers of irrigated fruit growing as the Petrolina-Juazeiro, however, through the low availability of water the irrigated agriculture presents major limitations. For this reason, lead into consideration only the problematic of hydric availability the basin without there is relevant studies on climate changes, can occasion a lot of difficulties in relation to water offer. Thus, was used a methodology housekeeper in countries like the United States and Australia for the diagnosis of the hydrologic stress, what estimate through statistical methods, the vulnerability of climate changes the basin and the demand of the population by hydric resources. The methodology takes into consideration the natural dynamics of the basin based on historical series of natural flow rates from 1935 to 1985, therefore before the modifications brought about by human activities such as: regularization of stream flow realized by reservoirs, water diversions, evaporation in reservoirs, consultive uses, among others. From the results obtained it was found that the basin presents a high climatic variability, high nonstationarity the hydrologic series analyzed, high vulnerability to climate change, high reason of use of the water resources and high hydrologic stress, indicating with it, that the systems the supply of water in the region, operate in the capacity threshold is subject to variations in weather patterns, as well as indicates the impossibility of basin offer enough water to answer the demands, so that their integration with the watershed of the São Francisco River is the most viable alternative to the reality of the region.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>: </strong>climate change, water availability, irrigated fruit, watersheds integration.</p><p> </p>


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Rice ◽  
Tim Bardsley ◽  
Pete Gomben ◽  
Dustin Bambrough ◽  
Stacey Weems ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document