scholarly journals Farmers’ Net Income Distribution and Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh

Climate ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. ALAMGIR ◽  
Jun FURUYA ◽  
Shintaro KOBAYASHI ◽  
Mostafiz BINTE ◽  
Md. SALAM
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Regional Vulnerability

Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of poverty. It is essential that poverty projections be estimated while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to perform an agrarian sub-national regional analysis of climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh under various climate change scenarios and evaluate its potential impact on poverty. This study is relevant to socio-economic research on climate change vulnerability and agriculture risk management and has the potential to contribute new insights to the complex interactions between household income and climate change risks to agricultural communities in Bangladesh and South Asia. This study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, decomposition of variance and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that can be used to ascertain vulnerability levels and help us to understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially generate. It is found that the levels and sources of income vary greatly among regions of Bangladesh. The variance decomposition of income showed that agricultural income in Mymensingh and Rangpur is the main cause of the total income difference among all sources of income. Moreover, a large variance in agricultural income among regions is induced by the gross income from rice production. Additionally, even in the long run the gradual, constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not a severe problem for farmers. However, extreme events such as floods, flash floods, droughts, sea level rise and greenhouse gas emissions, based on Representative concentration pathways (RCPs), could increase the poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Barisal and Khulna—regions that would be greatly affected by unexpected yield losses due to extreme climatic events. Therefore, research into and development of adaptation measures to climate change in regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income are important.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Net Income Distribution and Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shah Alamgir ◽  
Jun Furuya ◽  
Shintaro Kobayashi ◽  
Mostafiz Rubaiya Binte ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Regional Vulnerability

Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of this poverty. It is essential that projections of poverty be made while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the agrarian sub-national regional analysis of climate change vulnerability in Bangladesh under various climate change scenarios and its potential impact on poverty. This study is relevant to socio-economic research on climate change vulnerability and agriculture risk management and has the potential to contribute new insights to the complex interactions in household income and climate change risks to agricultural communities in Bangladesh and South Asia. The current study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, decomposition of variance and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that ascertain vulnerability levels and help us to understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially incur. It is found that the income share in income sources revealed that income category shares across the various regions of Bangladesh are far from uniform. The variance decomposition of income showed that agricultural income in Mymensingh and Rangpur is the main cause of income difference. Moreover, large variance of agricultural income in the regions is induced by gross income from rice production. Additionally, constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not such a severe problem for farmers, however, the extreme events like flood, flash flood, drought, sea level rise, and greenhouse gas emission based on RCPs could increase the poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Barisal, and Khulna regions that would be highly affected by unexpected yield loss due to extreme climatic events. Therefore, research and development of adaptation measures to climate change for regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income is important.

scholarly journals Future climate change vulnerability of endemic island mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Leclerc ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Céline Bellard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Insular Ecosystems

Abstract Despite their high vulnerability, insular ecosystems have been largely ignored in climate change assessments, and when they are investigated, studies tend to focus on exposure to threats instead of vulnerability. The present study examines climate change vulnerability of islands, focusing on endemic mammals and by 2050 (RCPs 6.0 and 8.5), using trait-based and quantitative-vulnerability frameworks that take into account exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Our results suggest that all islands and archipelagos show a certain level of vulnerability to future climate change, that is typically more important in Pacific Ocean ones. Among the drivers of vulnerability to climate change, exposure was rarely the main one and did not explain the pattern of vulnerability. In addition, endemic mammals with long generation lengths and high dietary specializations are predicted to be the most vulnerable to climate change. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring islands vulnerability to identify the highest climate change impacts and to avoid the extinction of unique biodiversity.

scholarly journals Adaptación de la agricultura a escenarios de cambio global. Aplicación de métodos participativos en la cuenca del río Júcar (España)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Ortega-Reig ◽  
Marta García-Mollá ◽  
Carles Sanchis-Ibor ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Velázquez ◽  
Corentin Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Adaptation Processes

<p>This paper develops a participatory methodology to integrate farmer’s vision in the design of an adaptation strategy to global change in the Jucar River basin. It aims at answering three questions: How farmers perceive climate change impacts; which adaptation measures they consider; and how they assess these measures. Participatory workshops with different actors were held in two areas (La Ribera and La Mancha Oriental). This methodology has allowed identifying the local impacts and consequences of global change, and the difficulties of the adaptation processes to climate change scenarios.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Precipitation Trends in the Sertão Paraibano Mesoregion

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susane Eterna Leite Medeiros ◽  
Raphael Abrahão ◽  
Iker García-Garizábal ◽  
Idmon Melo B.M. Peixoto ◽  
Louise Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Executive Agency ◽  
Increasing Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Trends

Abstract The state of Paraíba, located in the northeastern region of Brazil, comprises 223 municipalities and covers an area of 56,469 km2. Paraíba is divided into four major mesoregions: Zona da Mata, Agreste, Borborema and Sertão Paraibano. For this study, the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, a semiarid area, was chosen to understand vulnerability to climate change, taking into account the region’s economic importance for water and energy supply. The Mann-Kendall non-parametric test was applied to evaluate trends in the historical series of monthly, trimestrial, biannual and annual precipitation data. The series utilized corresponded to the period 1912-2012 and were built from data generated by five meteorological stations distributed throughout the mesoregion. These stations are maintained by the Executive Agency for Water Management (AESA) and National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS). The results indicated increasing precipitation trends for the Sertão Paraibano mesoregion, especially in the annual evaluation, for the first semester of the year (January to June), for the trimester December-January-February and the month of January, with slopes between 2.67 mm/year and 5.45 mm/year. The results evidenced the need to deepen studies on the influence of climate change in the area, to promote prompt adaptation measures.

Africa’s Energy Renewal: The Twin Challenges of Energy Deficit and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. i4-i15
Author(s):  
Amadou N R Sy ◽  
Witness Simbanegavi ◽  
Njuguna Ndung’u
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractA significantly large energy deficit and high vulnerability to climate change seriously impede sub-Saharan Africa’s path towards sustainable and inclusive growth. The extent to which the region can leverage the opportunities offered by renewable energy is an important policy question with implications for economic research. This special issue argues that policy and institutional reforms as well as good governance will play an important role in opening up the energy sector to private investment and expanding the fiscal space. Such a constellation, by increasing investment in the energy sector, would allow for increased access to reliable and affordable electricity by both households and businesses, which should help unleash Africa’s potential. Several future areas of research are also identified.

Soil, Water, and Climate Change Integrated Impact Assessment on Yields

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro I. Monterroso-Rivas ◽  
Jesús D. Gómez-Díaz ◽  
Antonio R. Arce-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Integrated Impact Assessment

This article describes the potential yields of maize, wheat and barley which were modeled with climate change, soil degradation and water balance scenarios in central Mexico. Two adaptation measures were also evaluated. To estimate yields the AquaCrop-FAO model was applied. Three study cases were chosen and their climate, soil, phenological and management information was compiled. Once calibrated, the authors tested the response in yields for 28 climate change scenarios: five General Circulation Models, two RCP and three-time horizons. Two adaptation actions were evaluated: changing planting date and increase of organic mulches. Results show that yield of maize in the near future (2015-2039) would fall 50% average, barley and wheat yields would decrease in 40% and 25% respectively. If soil degradation and loss is considered, the yield will reduce considerably. Adaptation measure based on changing planting date was as effective as increasing mulches. It is necessary to consider soil together with climate change scenarios in yield modeling. It is possible to suggest wrong adaptation measures if only the climate is considered and not all the variables involved.

Soil, Water, and Climate Change Integrated Impact Assessment on Yields

2022 ◽  
pp. 858-870
Author(s):  
Alejandro I. Monterroso-Rivas ◽  
Jesús D. Gómez-Díaz ◽  
Antonio R. Arce-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Yield Modeling ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Integrated Impact Assessment

This article describes the potential yields of maize, wheat and barley which were modeled with climate change, soil degradation and water balance scenarios in central Mexico. Two adaptation measures were also evaluated. To estimate yields the AquaCrop-FAO model was applied. Three study cases were chosen and their climate, soil, phenological and management information was compiled. Once calibrated, the authors tested the response in yields for 28 climate change scenarios: five General Circulation Models, two RCP and three-time horizons. Two adaptation actions were evaluated: changing planting date and increase of organic mulches. Results show that yield of maize in the near future (2015-2039) would fall 50% average, barley and wheat yields would decrease in 40% and 25% respectively. If soil degradation and loss is considered, the yield will reduce considerably. Adaptation measure based on changing planting date was as effective as increasing mulches. It is necessary to consider soil together with climate change scenarios in yield modeling. It is possible to suggest wrong adaptation measures if only the climate is considered and not all the variables involved.

Fisher’s perceptions inform adaptation measures to reduce vulnerability to climate change in a Mexican natural protected area

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 104793
Author(s):  
Christian Salvadeo ◽  
Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna ◽  
Héctor Reyes-Bonilla ◽  
Antonina Ivanova-Bonchera ◽  
David Petatán Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

scholarly journals Variability of Water Balance under Climate Change Scenarios. Implications for Sustainability in the Rhône River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6402
Author(s):  
Pedro Pérez-Cutillas ◽  
Pedro Baños Páez ◽  
Isabel Banos-González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

The Rhône basin is considered a complex river socio-ecological system, which houses numerous socioeconomic activities closely linked to its river courses, as well as competition between the different users of these water resources. Likewise, its increasing vulnerability to climate change highlights the need to assess the potential effects of a set of climate scenarios to assist the management of these resources. With this aim, we have analysed the effects of five scenarios on different environmental zones of the basin characterised by altitudinal features, using the “Water Yield” hydrological module of the InVEST model. The model outputs show that the Rhône basin will have significant discharge water variations and changes in the seasonality of the hydrological regime, being able to trigger serious economic and environmental effects under the simulated scenarios. Regarding these altitudinal environmental zones, results show important differences in the final water balance, resulting in the mountain and subalpine zones being the most affected by these scenarios. The uncertainty in the availability of water resources and the need for its sustainable management will require the establishment of important adaptations to the new challenges imposed by these scenarios, particularly in alpine zones, due to its sensitivity and fragility to climate change.

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