scholarly journals Iontophoresis: principles and applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Krueger ◽  
José Luiz Claudino Junior ◽  
Eduardo Mendonça Scheeren ◽  
Eduardo Borba Neves ◽  
Eduardo Mulinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Transdermal Penetration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Topical Applications

Introduction Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique used to increase transdermal penetration of substances through the skin layer (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) in a controlled manner. Technological advance in recent decades have provided reduced cost of equipment needed for implementation, which allowed for the expansion of this technique. Objective The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on iontophoresis, ranging from the atomic characteristics of the ion formation to the current applications of the technique. Methods Were researched papers from databases: IOP publishing, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Springer, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar and books with keywords iontophoresis, ions, topical applications between 1967 and 2010. Results Were selected (number of papers and database) 1 IOP Publishing, 1 from ScienceDirect, Central, 1 from Springer, 2 from PubMed, 11 from IEEE Xplore, 35 from Google Scholar, and 15 books, totaling 66 references and websites with nationally marketed electrotherapy products. Conclusion Iontophoresis is suitable for applications such as acetic acid (calcific tendinitis and myositis ossificans), calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate (control of musculoskeletal spasms), dexamethasone (inflammation), lidocaine (inflammation of soft tissues), zinc oxide (rheumatoid arthritis). It is also used in cosmetic applications with devices attached to the skin and for eye treatment aimed at specific tissues of the eye, providing a treatment option for various eye diseases, reducing the complications secondary to traditional methods of treatment. The advantages are the significant increase in the release and control of therapeutic agents, including drugs with high molecular weight. The disadvantages of iontophoresis are the complexity of the drug release system and prolonged exposure of the skin to an electrical current.

Malignant External Otitis: Further Considerations

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
External Otitis ◽  
Malignant External Otitis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
A Site ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Malignant external otitis is an infection which begins in the external auditory canal. It is uniformly caused by the Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa organism and mainly affects elderly diabetics. It spreads to the soft tissues beneath the temporal bone and, if not properly treated leads to facial nerve palsy, mastoiditis, sepsis, osteomyelitis of the base of the skull, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, multiple cranial nerve palsies and death. Experience with 72 patients in varying stages of the disease is summarized. Stressed are the diagnostic criteria of nonresponsiveness to the usual methods of treatment, continued suppuration, and the continuing reformation of granulation tissue in the floor of the external auditory canal. Medical treatment is recommended with hospitalization and intravenous carbenicillin and gentamicin. Minor surgical debridement is helpful. All patients should be treated medically for as long as improvement continues, reserving surgical intervention only in the event a plateau is reached or symptoms and signs become worse under treatment. With or without a major surgical procedure, it is imperative to continue treatment for at least seven days after apparent cure in order to avoid recurrent disease possibly at a site distant from the canal.

scholarly journals Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Black Tea and Coffee Extracts for Topical Applications

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Pooja Makhija ◽  
Himanshu Kathuria ◽  
Gautam Sethi ◽  
Bert Grobben
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Topical Applications

Tea and coffee are popular beverages. Both are also used in topical applications, such as ultraviolet (UV) protection, anti-aging, and wound healing. However, the impact of tea and coffee extract on skin cells is minimally explored. This study investigated the direct exposure of tea and coffee extract on skin cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was found that direct exposure of tea and coffee to skin cells can be toxic at a high dose on prolonged exposure (72 h). Therefore, it was hypothesized that a formulation providing a controlled release of tea and coffee could improve their skin compatibility. Thermally cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels loaded with tea and coffee extracts (with and without milk) were formulated and optimized. The release profiles of these hydrogels were studied at varying loading efficiency. Milk addition with tea extract retarded the tea extract release from hydrogel while minimally affecting the coffee release. This effect was due to the molecular interaction of tea with milk components, showing changes in size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The release study best fitted the Korsmeyer–Peppas release model. Skin cells exposed to tea or coffee-loaded hydrogel showed normal skin cell morphology under fluorescence microscopic analysis. In conclusion, the hydrogels controlled the tea and coffee release and showed biocompatibility with skin cells. It can potentially be used for skin applications.

scholarly journals Impact of feeding male rats F2 with different doses of germanium citrate on the content of traceelements in their tissues and organs

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
R. Fedoruk ◽  
U. Tesarivska ◽  
M. Khrabko ◽  
M. Tsap ◽  
H. Denys
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Absolute Content ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To determine the impact of the dose of germanium citrate on the distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in tissues and organs of male F 2 rats. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, clinical, statistical. Results. It was established that there were changes in the content of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in soft tissues and their distribution in liver, kidneys and lungs of male F 2 rats. It was demonstrated that these changes were mostly conditioned by organ-tissue specifi cities of functioning of some physiological systems of the organism, and less condition- ed – by the dose of germanium (10, 20 and 200 μg/kg of bodyweight). More vividly expressed changes in the content of these elements were established for kidneys at the effect of all the applied doses, and less express- ed – for liver and lungs. A positive impact of germanium citrate on the content of Cu, Co, Mn and Zn in the muscle tissues was determined at the effect of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge, and as for Fe – 20 and 200 μg. The differences in the weight of liver, kidneys and lungs of rats of experimental and control groups were determined which eliminated the intergroup differences in the absolute content of the investigated microelements in liver, kidneys and lungs. The mentioned differences were more expressed for the absolute content of Cu in liver, Mn – in kidneys and lungs. Conclusions. Long-term introduction of germanium citrate into the organism of rats of generation F 2 with water in the amount of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight is characterized by the changes in the content of Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn both per one unit of soft tissue weight and their absolute content in the internal organs. The biological effect of germanium citrate is more expressed in the dose of 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight, which conditions the increase in the content of Cu and Zn in all the investigated tissues of rats of this group at the background of the decreased level of Co in liver at the effect of 20 and 200 μg Ge, and at the effect of all the administered doses in kidneys and lungs. The level of Mn increased reliably in the muscle tissues of male F 2 rats at the effect of all the administered doses of Ge, Co 20 and 200 μg, Fe 10 and 20 μg, and Zn 10 and 200 μg Ge, which testifi es to the differences in the regulatory impact of NGeC on the level of investigated microelements in the muscle tissues of rats.

scholarly journals Angiogenic Marker Alterations Following Enamel Matrix Derivative Treatment: A Human Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Onur Özçelik ◽  
Gülşah Seydaoğlu ◽  
Murat Cömert ◽  
Eftal Yılmaz ◽  
M. Cenk Haytaç
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Enamel Matrix Derivative ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
And Control ◽  
Angiogenic Marker ◽  
Matrix Derivative

Aim: The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to assess the expression of angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in enamel matrix derivative (EMD) treated retromolar soft tissues to gain further insights into the biological mechanisms involved in wound healing and EMD treatment. Methodology: In twenty healthy volunteers, gingival biopsies were obtained from the distal wedge operations of test (EMD-applied) and control sites. EMD was applied into the test sites during the operation. At the 15th post-operative day, the sample sites were re-entered and gingival tissue samples were obtained from both test and control sites. A total of 80 samples for each sites were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for inflammatory infiltrate, expression of VEGF and MVD. Results: Despite similar post-operative inflammatory infiltrate, it was found that EMD- applied sites had statistically higher VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression and MVD compared to the controls on the 15th day. (p <0.0001 for each) Conclusions: This study supports that EMD has an angiogenic potential. The findings of this immunohistochemical analysis may help to gain insight into the angiogenic effects of EMD during the early phases of wound healing.  How to cite this article: Özçelik O, Seydaoğlu G, Cömert M, Yılmaz E, Haytaç MC. Angiogenic Marker Alterations Following Enamel Matrix Derivative Treatment: A Human Study. Int Dent Res 2012;2:8-16. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

CLEANUP OPERATIONS AFTER THE 1976 SS SANSINENA EXPLOSIONAN INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVE

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
John H. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Boat Traffic ◽  
Job Site ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Harbor Area

ABSTRACT This paper outlines the efforts made for oil spill cleanup and control following the explosion on the SS Sansinena. It describes the layout and conditions encountered in the harbor area, such as prolonged exposure to fire, interaction with salvage operations, and ship and pleasure boat traffic. The main problem encountered was the fact that the fuel oil aboard was heavier than water, and hence sank to the bottom of the 60-foot-deep ship channel when the tanks ruptured. The methods and equipment employed in recovering the oil from the channel are described indicating the relative advantages and disadvantages. Some of the problems included visibility in deep water, methods to maximize oil in the pump effluent, and separation of oil and water at the job site. Additionally, the long period (120 days) required to operate booms and other gear at the site required logistics and maintenance support not normally encountered. Cleanup and oil removal services were also utilized during the salvage and removal of the ship which was cut into segments that were either towed away or lifted onto barges for movement to a scrap yard.

scholarly journals A New Instrument For Rhinoplasty: The Osteotom With Lighting Guide Transilluminating Osteotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Tolga Ersözlü
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Osteotomy Line ◽  
Aesthetic Rhinoplasty ◽  
And Control

Rhinoplasty remains one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgical procedure that demands a meticulous intraoperative precision as well as maximum precaution and control. Nasal osteotomy is a key component to shape the bony vault in aesthetic rhinoplasty, but it is also the so versatile, dangerous, and difficult to learn. The present study aims to evaluate the usefulness of our locator instrument for beginners which is called transilluminating osteotome. The use of transilluminating osteotome instead of guided lateral nasal osteotome is a reliable instrument since it facilitates the localization of osteotome and osteotomy line beneath the soft tissue with a limited damage to the surrounding soft tissues. Level of Evidence: III

Tumours in European Shorthair cats: a retrospective study of 680 cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Manuali ◽  
Claudio Forte ◽  
Gaia Vichi ◽  
Domenica Anna Genovese ◽  
Danilo Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Data Set

Objectives Naturally occurring tumours in domestic cats are less common than in dogs and represent the leading cause of death among older animals. The main objective of this study was to analyse a large data set of histologically diagnosed tumours to highlight the most common World Health Organization (WHO) tumour histotypes, the effect of age and sex, and the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) topographical site predilections of feline breed-specific tumours. Methods A total of 680 feline tumours diagnosed in European Shorthair cats by three veterinary diagnostic laboratories located in central Italy from 2013 to 2019 were collected. Data on age, sex and topography of lesions were recorded. Samples were morphologically and topographically coded using the WHO and the ICD-O-3 classification system. Results Skin and soft tissue neoplasms comprised 55.9% of all tumours, followed by mammary gland (11%), alimentary tract (7.9%), oral cavity and tongue (7.3%), nasal cavity and middle ear (6%), lymph node (3.1%), bone (1.8%) and liver/intrahepatic bile duct (1.3%) tumours. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sarcoma, lymphoma and basal cell tumours were the most diagnosed neoplasms. Malignant tumours were 82.9% of the total and the topographical sites mainly involved were skin (C44), connective/subcutaneous/other soft tissues (C49), mammary gland (C50), small intestine (C17), nasal cavity and middle ear (C30), and gum (C03). Conclusions and relevance This study aimed to provide an in-depth evaluation of spontaneous feline tumours in the European Shorthair cat breed. Results identify SCC as the most commonly represented skin neoplasm. It is likely that the analysed feline population, living in southern latitudes, was more subject to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, explaining the discrepancy with previous studies in which SCC was less represented.

The Research of Cancer Imaging by X-Ray In-Line Phase Contrast Imaging Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 2099-2102
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Shu Qian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
X Ray

The hard X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging (HXILPCI) is a phase contrast technique that generates excellent contrast of biological soft tissues compared to conventional X-ray absorption radiography. We explore the application of HXILPCI in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. These nude mice cancer samples were checked by HXILPCI to obtain projection contrast images of 9μm image resolution with CCD camera. The texture extraction was based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The corresponding morphological features of abnormal and normal tissues are analyzed. The produced phase contrast images of nude mice cancer samples show clearly biological tissues architectures and the size of cancer. The paper results show that HXILPCI can be a potential noninvasive technique to diagnose early cancer.

Enhanced sympathoinhibitory response to volume expansion in conscious hindlimb-unloaded rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1806-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Mueller ◽  
Eileen M. Hasser
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cardiovascular Deconditioning ◽  
And Control

Prolonged exposure to microgravity or bed rest produces cardiovascular deconditioning, which is characterized by reductions in plasma volume, alterations in autonomic function, and a predisposition toward orthostatic intolerance. Although the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, it is possible that augmented cardiopulmonary reflexes contribute to some of these effects. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that sympathoinhibitory responses to volume expansion are enhanced in the hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rat, a model of cardiovascular deconditioning. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to isotonic volume expansion (0.9% saline iv, 15% of plasma volume over 5 min) were examined in conscious HU (14 days) and control animals. Volume expansion produced decreases in RSNA in both groups; however, this effect was significantly greater in HU rats (−46 ± 7 vs. −25 ± 4% in controls). Animals instrumented for central venous pressure (CVP) did not exhibit differences in CVP responses to volume expansion. These data suggest that enhanced cardiopulmonary reflexes may be involved in the maintenance of reduced plasma volume and contribute to attenuated baroreflex-mediated sympathoexcitation after spaceflight or bed rest.

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