scholarly journals One-Year Water Sorption and Solubility of All-in-One Adhesives

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Walter ◽  
Andrew E. Feiring ◽  
Lee W. Boushell ◽  
Krista Braswell ◽  
Whitley Bartholomew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Bond Force ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Made In

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water sorption and solubility of different adhesives. Adper Easy Bond, Adper Single Bond Plus, Bond Force, Clearfil SE Bond (bonding resin only), and Xeno IV were the materials evaluated. Ten disks of each adhesive were made in Teflon molds and evaporation of any volatile components was allowed. The disks were weighed daily in an analytical balance until a constant mass was obtained (m1). Disks were then immersed in water for 12 months when their wet weight was recorded (m2). The disks were again weighed daily until a constant mass was obtained and the final weight recorded (m3). Water sorption and solubility (percentages) were calculated using the recorded mass values. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the average water sorption and solubility among the different adhesives. Mann-Whitney tests with a Bonferroni correction were used to determine the pairwise differences between adhesives in water sorption and solubility. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Water sorption and solubility were significantly different among the groups (p<0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between Adper Single Bond Plus and Bond Force, or between Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno IV in either water sorption or solubility. Xeno IV did not differ from Adper Easy Bond in water sorption (p>0.05). Water sorption and solubility of all-in-one adhesives increased with time, and the rates of increase were composition-dependent. The results suggest that monomers other than HEMA contribute to water sorption and solubility of adhesive systems from different categories.

scholarly journals Changes in Water Sorption and Solubility of Dental Adhesive Systems after Cigarette Smoke

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Andrade Vitória ◽  
Thaiane Rodrigues Aguiar ◽  
Poliana Ramos Braga Santos ◽  
Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti ◽  
Paula Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Dental Adhesive

Aim. To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on water sorption and solubility of four adhesive systems. Materials and Methods. Sixteen disks of each adhesive system were prepared (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive (SA); Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive System (Adhesive + Primer) (SAP); Adper Single Bond Plus (SB); Adper Easy One (EO)). Specimens were desiccated until a constant mass was obtained and divided into two groups (n=8). One-half of the specimens were immersed in deionized water, while the other half were also immersed, but with daily exposure to tobacco smoke. After 21 days, disks were measured again and stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Data were calculated according to ISO specifications and statistically analyzed. Results. The tobacco smoke only significantly affected the water sorption and solubility of EO. There were significant differences in both analyses among materials tested. The SB exhibited the highest water sorption, followed by EO, which demonstrated significantly higher solubility values than SB. The SA and SAP showed low water sorption and solubility, and there were no significant differences between the two. Conclusion. Regardless of smoke exposure, both simplified adhesive systems presented an inferior performance that could be related to the complex mixture of components in such versions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Water Sorption, Solubility, and Roughness of Silorane- and Methacrylate-based Composite Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giannini ◽  
M Di Francescantonio ◽  
RR Pacheco ◽  
LC Cidreira Boaro ◽  
RR Braga
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARY Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), water sorption (WS), and solubility (SO) of four composite resins after finishing/polishing and after one year of water storage. Materials and Methods Two low-shrinkage composites (Filtek Silorane [3M ESPE] and Aelite LS [Bisco Inc]) and two composites of conventional formulations (Heliomolar and Tetric N-Ceram [Ivoclar Vivadent]) were tested. Their respective finishing and polishing systems (Sof-Lex Discs, 3M ESPE; Finishing Discs Kit, Bisco Inc; and Astropol F, P, HP, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each composite resin were made for each evaluation. Polished surfaces were analyzed using a profilometer after 24 hours and one year. For the WS and SO, the discs were stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then stored in water for seven days or one year, at which time the mass of each specimen was measured. The specimens were dried again and dried specimen mass determined. The WS and SO were calculated from these measurements. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). Results Filtek Silorane showed the lowest SR, WS, and SO means. Water storage for one year increased the WS means for all composite resins tested. Conclusions The silorane-based composite resin results were better than those obtained for methacrylate-based resins. One-year water storage did not change the SR and SO properties in any of the composite resins.

scholarly journals Interfacial integrity of bonded restorations with self-etching adhesives: Water storage and thermo-mechanical cycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristine Martins ◽  
Alfonso Sánchez-Ayala ◽  
Paulo Henrique Perlatti D’Alpino ◽  
Abraham Lincoln Calixto ◽  
João Carlos Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Class V ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Composite Restorations ◽  
Mechanical Cycling ◽  
Interfacial Gap ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTObjectives: Objective: To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on the microleakage (μL) and axial gap width (AG) of Class V bonded restorations in premolars using self-etching adhesive systems. The bond strength of composite restorations to dentin (μTBS) using the same adhesives was also evaluated in third molars after water storage: 24 h and 6 months. The research hypotheses were tested for the results of two self-etching adhesives in comparison when a conventional two-step adhesive was used: (1) the μL and AG would be lower, regardless of TMC; (2) the μTBS of self-etching adhesives would be higher, irrespective of evaluation times.Methods: Sixty Class V composite restorations were made in 30 premolars and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2), AdheSE (ASE), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL-P) (n=20). Dentin μL and AG were immediately measured for half of the sample. The other half was evaluated after TMC. Eighteen third molars were also selected and bonded using the same adhesives to test the μTBS to dentin. Specimens were evaluated after 24 h and 6 months of water storage.Results: No differences in μL and AG were found among the groups (P>.05). The μTBS mean values were: ASB2>ASE>APL-P (P<.05); only Adper Single Bond 2 presented a significantly lower μTBS after water storage (P<.05)Conclusions: The bonding approach does not influence the microleakage and interfacial gap extension. Despite the decrease in the mean values, the bond strength to dentin of the conventional, two-step adhesive remains high after 6 months of water storage. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:169-177)

scholarly journals LIVER BIOPSY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
FUAD AHMAD SIDDIQI ◽  
RIZWANA KITCHLEW ◽  
ASIF HASHMI
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Made In

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of Surecut needle in obtaining the liver tissue by percutaneous liver biopsy. Design: Single centered prospective hospital based study. Place and duration of study: Department of Internal medicine (Unit-1) & Family ward, Combined military hospital Lahore for more than one year from August 2002 to March 2004. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients of either gender having asymptomatic hepatitis C carrier state, healthy blood donors, with positive HCV-PCR were included in study. The patients liver biopsy was done with Surecut needle 16G with patient breath suspended in expiration from the periphery of right lobe of liver. Result: Majority of patients, 135 ( 90% ) were male and 15 (10%) were female. The mean age was 30.3 years with range of 25-55years. In 146(97.31%)patients successful biopsy was done while the biopsy was non-diagnostic in 4(2.69%) patients. Mean core length of liver tissue obtained was Mean+sd(1.2+0.42cm) and histopathologic diagnosis was made in 97.31% cases. Total number of attempts were 1-2. In 99% single attempt was done. No major complications related to procedure was seen. Conclusions: liver biopsy with Surecut needle is safe and effective in establishing the diagnosis of Chronic hepatitis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the surface roughness of a nanofilled composite resin submitted to different smoothing and finishing techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Micheli Del Frari ANSUJ ◽  
Iuri Silveira dos SANTOS ◽  
Marcela MARQUEZAN ◽  
Letícia Brandão DURAND ◽  
Roselaine Terezinha POZZOBON
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Composite Resin Restorations ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Surface Sealant

Abstract Introduction: Controlling the surface smoothness characteristics of the composite resin when performing a direct restorative technique is one of the factors involved in achieving restorative success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of a nanofilled composite resin submitted to different smoothing and finishing techniques. Material and method: Fifty test specimens were made with the Z350 XT composite resin (3M ESPE) and then divided into five study groups according to the smoothing and finishing method applied, as follows: G1 (control), polyester strip; G2, composite spatula; G3, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol and dried; G4, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol, dried and moistened with Single Bond (3M ESPE); and G5, brush cleaned with absolute alcohol, dried and moistened with Natural Glaze surface sealant (DFL). After fabrication, the specimens were stored for 24 h in deionized water. The surface roughness of the specimens was measured using a profilometer. Surface roughness means were compared by analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test at a level of significance of 5%. Result: The lowest surface roughness was observed in G1 (control group) and the highest, in G3. G5 had lower surface roughness values compared to the other test groups, and presented values similar to those of the control group. Conclusion: The smoothing and finishing techniques influenced the surface roughness of the composite resin. Application of the surface sealant by the copolymerization technique resulted in lower roughness values. The use of a clean, dry brush promoted roughness values beyond the acceptable limit, and is therefore liable to compromise the performance of composite resin restorations.

23. Value Added Tax

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
J. Scott Slorach ◽  
Jason Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

This chapter discusses value added tax (VAT) in the UK. VAT is charged on supplies of goods and services made in the UK. Where a person makes taxable supplies in excess of a set limit in any one-year period, he must register with Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). He must then account to HMRC for VAT on all taxable supplies made. The total amount payable may be reduced by the amount of VAT paid on certain taxable supplies made to him. The liability to pay VAT to HMRC rests on suppliers of goods and services. However, the cost of the tax is actually borne by suppliers’ customers who are charged VAT on the goods and services they purchase. VAT is charged in the UK under the Value Added Tax Act (VATA) 1994.

scholarly journals Cholera El Tor in Infants below 2 Years of Age as seen in Private and Hospitalized Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Haroen Noerasid ◽  
Pitono Soeparto ◽  
Bing Rudianto ◽  
Hananto Wirjo ◽  
Juliati Sudanawidjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Similar Report ◽  
One Year ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Stool Cultures ◽  
Made In

A report was made on cholera El Tor in children under 2 years of age with mute gastroenteritis admitted to the pediatric ward of the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Twenty-three out of 115 cases (20%) showed positive stool cultures. A similar report was made in the same period on patients with gastroenteritis in private practice. Four out of 108 cases (3.6%) showed positive stool cultures. A brief description of the disease pattern of infantile gastroenteritis was presented. The increasing incidence of cholera, below one year was also discussed.

Foucault in Hamburg. Notes on a One-Year Stay, 1959–60

2020 ◽  
pp. 026327642095045
Author(s):  
Rainer Nicolaysen
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Guest Lecturer ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Red Light District ◽  
Made In

This article provides a detailed account of the year that Michel Foucault spent as Director of the Institut Français in Hamburg and as a guest lecturer at the Romance Studies Department at the University of Hamburg. It discusses the beginning of Foucault’s time in Hamburg, the courses he taught at these two institutions, his interactions with German students in his classes, and events with invited guests from the French intellectual sphere. But it also sheds light on the friendships he made in Hamburg, in particular with Rolf Italiaander; the completion of his own projects including Histoire de la folie and the translation of Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View; and finally his nocturnal wanderings through Hamburg’s red light district, Sankt-Pauli.

On F2Echinus Hybrids

1914 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Biological Laboratory ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Made In

An investigation on inheritance in hybrids between the three English species of Echinus was carried out in the Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth, during 1909–1912 by C. Shearer, W. de Morgan, and H. M. Fuchs. In a paper published in the Phil. Trans. Royal Soo., Ser. B, Vol. CCIV., p. 255, the results of this work were described in detail. At the time of publication, E. miliaris had been raised from the egg to maturity in the laboratory, in the course of one year, and a second generation had been obtained from these individuals, but none of the hybrid urchins had as yet reached maturity. This year, however, some of the hybrids have become sexually mature, and from them a second hybrid generation has been raised.The urchins which have formed ripe genital products are four individuals of the cross E. esculentus X E. acutus (referred to below as EA) derived from fertilizations made in 1912. The largest of these urchins now measures 6 cm. in diameter, exclusive of the spines. On May 11th, 1914, two of these hybrids laid eggs in the tank in which they were kept. Naturally these eggs could not be used for experimental purposes, since they were deposited in the sea water of the aquarium circulation, and therefore not under sterile conditions. On June 6th I induced three of the four to deposit genital products without cutting them open, under conditions which excluded the possible presence of foreign eggs or spermatozoa. It is hardly necessary to mention here that, as in all the previous work on Echinus hybrids, the fact of the complete absence of such sperm was made certain by controls of unfertilized eggs, none of which segmented.

scholarly journals Water sorption of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements photoactivated with LED

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Francisca Gigo Cefaly ◽  
Linda Wang ◽  
Liliam Lucia Carrara Paes de Mello ◽  
Janaína Lima dos Santos ◽  
Jean Rodrigo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Halogen Light ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Light Curing

The Light Emitting Diodes (LED) technology has been used to photoactivate composite resins and there is a great number of published studies in this area. However, there are no studies regarding resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGIC), which also need photoactivation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate water sorption of two RMGIC photoactivated with LED and to compare this property to that obtained with a halogen light curing unit. A resin composite was used as control. Five specimens of 15.0 mm in diameter x 1.0 mm in height were prepared for each combination of material (Fuji II LC Improved, Vitremer, and Filtek Z250) and curing unit (Radii and Optilight Plus) and transferred to desiccators until a constant mass was obtained. Then the specimens were immersed into deionized water for 7 days, weighed and reconditioned to a constant mass in desiccators. Water sorption was calculated based on weight and volume of specimens. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Specimens photocured with LED presented significantly more water sorption than those photocured with halogen light. The RMGIC absorbed statistically significant more water than the resin composite. The type of light curing unit affected water sorption characteristics of the RMGIC.

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