scholarly journals Effect of herbage allowances on biomass flows in Italian ryegrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Arnhold Graminho ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Aline Tatiane Nunes da Rosa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Similar Growth

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the leaf tissue flows in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in different phenological stages, grazed by lambs, and managed under three herbage allowances (6, 9 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight under rotational stocking method. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures arrangement. Forage allowances determined similar growth and intake flows, actual and potential utilization efficiencies of grass and they were different in the phenological stages of Italian ryegrass. The intake of leaf blade, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in the 12% herbage allowance. Considering leaf tissue flows, Italian ryegrass can be managed in forage allowances that vary between 6 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight.

scholarly journals Leaf tissue flows and defoliation patterns of Alexandergrass grazed by heifers receiving energy supplement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44902
Author(s):  
Paula De Oliveira Severo ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Mateus Negrini ◽  
Amanda Carneiro Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers

The study was carried out to evaluate defoliation patterns and to quantify leaf tissue flows in Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link.) Hitch) grazed by beef heifers receiving whole rice bran in three levels of supplementation (0, 0.5 and 1 % of body weight). A rotational stocking grazing method and two area replications were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement. The supply of rice bran to heifers grazing Alexandergrass increased the stocking rate by 13%. Regardless of the feeding system, the heifers grazed the expanding leaf blades in the top stratum of the canopy more frequently compared to other types of leaf. Leaf tissue flows, leaf blade intake and grazing intensity have not been changed by supplement fed.

scholarly journals Biomass flows and defoliation pattern of ryegrass grazed by supplemented heifers

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3193
Author(s):  
Sheila Cristina Bosco Stivanin ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Viviane Da Silva Hampel ◽  
Marcos Bernardino Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Feeding Systems

To strategically define the best stocking rate management strategy for ryegrass, it is important to know the growth process of forage plants in detail. The study was conducted to analyze the leaf biomass flows and the defoliation intensity and frequency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) grazed by heifers fed exclusively on pasture or on pasture and supplemented with corn or white oat grain. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measures arrangement with three feeding systems and three area replications. Biomass flows (kg DM leaf blades ha1 day1) for leaf growth (40.6), leaf senescence (40.7), and leaf intake (29.7) were similar in the different feeding systems. Leaf blade intake adjusted to body weight was lower in supplemented heifers regardless of grain type. Actual and potential utilization efficiencies and ryegrass biomass net balance were not affected by feeding system. The leaf intake flow was 1.4 times lower than the growth flow, resulting in an actual utilization efficiency less than one (0.7), whereas the senescence flow was higher than the growth flow, resulting in a negative potential utilization efficiency (0.2). Leaf defoliation intensity was similar (54.4%) across feeding systems and defoliation frequency was higher in supplemented heifers. The 29.2% increase in stocking rate of heifers fed corn or oat grain as supplement did not affect the dynamics of ryegrass biomass flows, but reduced leaf blade intake adjusted to heifer body weight leading to alterations in the defoliation frequency of ryegrass pasture.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Lisete Glienke ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Dalton Roso ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Vagner Guasso da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Displacement Patterns

The effect of supplementation on ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers grazing on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture was evaluated. The grazing method was continuous with variable stocking rate. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures on time. The supplement utilized was a commercial ration (17% CP, 21.4% NDF), daily supplied at 2 pm, in the proportion of 1% of body weight. The evaluations were made through visual observations, in four continuous periods of 24 hours. There was no difference in the bite rate between heifers with and without supplement and bite rate was higher at the end of the period of pasture utilization. Supplemented animals increased bite mass. The number of stations/minute, bites/station and the displacement patterns was influenced by forage changes along the occupation period. The ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of heifers are modified by supplementation and structural variation of the grass along its biological cycle. In the reproductive stage of Italian ryegrass, grazing time, daily number of bites and, feeding stations and time for station are similar between not supplemented and supplemented heifers.

scholarly journals Grazing behavior of non-supplemented and supplemented heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Da Silva Hampel ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Sheila Cristina Bosco Stivanin ◽  
Marcos Bernardino Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
Corn Grain

We evaluated the grazing behavior of heifers, at two phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive) of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in four times of the day (early morning, morning, evening, and night), with heifers either exclusively grazing or with oat, or corn grain, supplementation. The experimental design was completely randomized, in sub-subdivided plot arrangement, in which the main plots were the feeding systems, the sub-plots were the phenological stages and the sub-sub-plots were the times of day. We assessed ingestion behavior along 24 hours through visual observation, on four evaluation dates, two during the vegetative stage and two during the reproductive stage, studying time spent on grazing, rumination, or other activities, as well as number and duration of, and interval between meals. Supplemented heifers remained less time at a feeding station, performed fewer bites daily and, during the reproductive stage of the ryegrass, spent more time in other activities. Grazing time of supplemented heifers was shorter in the morning and at night, and the duration of their meals was shorter at night. A change occurred in the pattern of time use when heifers received supplement, and when the structural and qualitative characteristics of the pasture changed during the vegetative and reproductive phenological stages of ryegrass.

scholarly journals Width and surface of leaf blades of Lolium multiflorum Lam.

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
H. Dalkiewicz-Baranowska ◽  
J. Mazurowa
Keyword(s):  
Joint Action ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Surface Increase ◽  
Diploid Form

Differences in the shape of ribs can be observed in transverse sections of leaf blades of Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i> Lam.) var. 'Szelejewska', a diploid, has ribs similar to triangles, and 'Kroto', a tetraploid, has ribs which are more rounded, dome-like. A coefficient expressing width and surface increase of the leaf blade in relation to unribbed leaves has been determined. This coefficient (W) was calculated from the ratio of upper, wavy part of the leaf blade (g), to its width W=g/l. For Italian ryegrass the coefficient is from 1.5-1.46 and thus the width and the surface of the upper leaf blade is increased on the average by about 30%. With basic fertilization (1N) this coefficient is smaller for the diploid form as compared to the tetraploid. An increased dose of nitrogen (3N) causes increase of the coefficient in the diploid and a decrease in the tetraploid. Thus the joint action of the variety and fertilization in respect to the examined character is not equally significant to the two varieties.

Some varietal differences in factors affecting nutritive value and in recovery after cutting in Lolium multiflorum

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
C. P. E. Omaliko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cutting Height

SummaryFour varieties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), which have been found to differ in voluntary intake by livestock at the same level of digestibility, were examined in the year of sowing and in the two subsequent years in a field experiment. Eight dates of first harvest during May–June in the years after the year of sowing were compared. During May–June in these years the proportion of leaf in the crop was closely related to the stage of development of the crop relative to heading date, whereas yield and digestibility were more closely related to calendar date. As a result the later-heading varieties, S. 22 and Sabalan, had a higher proportion of leaf than the earlier-heading varieties, RvP and Tetila Tetrone, at a given yield and digestibility and this may at least partly account for higher intake in the former varieties. In addition, in Sabalan, the proportion of green leaf relative to dead was particularly high and the proportion of cell wall particularly low. The surface area per unit dry weight of leaf blade was much higher than that of ‘stem’, which may contribute to shorter retention time in the reticulo-rumen. Surface area per unit weight of both leaf blade and ‘stem’ declined with delay in date of first harvest.The yield of RvP relative to the other varieties was modest at the first harvest in the years after the year of sowing and high at subsequent harvests, in accord with National Institute of Agricultural Botany results. The high yield of RvP relative to the other varieties after the first harvest appeared to be associated with a relatively large number of tillers with their shoot apex below cutting height at the time of first harvest. It seemed that most of these tillers had emerged during the few weeks before that harvest. The proportion of tillers with their shoot apex below rather than above cutting height at the time of first harvest was higher in all four varieties than casual observation would suggest and the proportion remained rather high throughout May and June. The rapid rate of turnover of tillers in Italian ryegrass was confirmed.

Alternative Herbicides to Manage Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) Resistant to Glyphosate at Different Phenological Stages

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Christoffoleti ◽  
Renato Trentin ◽  
Saulo Tocchetto ◽  
Aroldo Marochi ◽  
Antonio.João Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phenological Stages

Inhibitory effects of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J Jang ◽  
K.R. Kim ◽  
Y.B. Yun ◽  
S.S. Kim ◽  
Y.I Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

scholarly journals Annual rhythms in adults’ lifestyle and health (ARIA): protocol for a 12-month longitudinal study examining temporal patterns in weight, activity, diet, and wellbeing in Australian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Curtis ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
François Fraysse ◽  
Dorothea Dumuid ◽  
Gilly A. Hendrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Background Almost one in three Australian adults are now obese, and the rate continues to rise. The causes of obesity are multifaceted and include environmental, cultural and lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests there may be temporal patterns in weight gain related, for example, to season and major festivals such as Christmas, potentially due to changes in diet, daily activity patterns or both. The aim of this study is to track the annual rhythm in body weight, 24 h activity patterns, dietary patterns, and wellbeing in a cohort of Australian adults. In addition, through data linkage with a concurrent children’s cohort study, we aim to examine whether changes in children’s body mass index, activity and diet are related to those of their parents. Methods A community-based sample of 375 parents aged 18 to 65 years old, residing in or near Adelaide, Australia, and who have access to a Bluetooth-enabled mobile device or a computer and home internet, will be recruited. Across a full year, daily activities (minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) will be measured using wrist-worn accelerometry (Fitbit Charge 3). Body weight will be measured daily using Fitbit wifi scales. Self-reported dietary intake (Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies V3.2), and psychological wellbeing (WHOQOL-BREF and DASS-21) will be assessed eight times throughout the 12-month period. Annual patterns in weight will be examined using Lowess curves. Associations between changes in weight and changes in activity and diet compositions will be examined using repeated measures multi-level models. The associations between parent’s and children’s weight, activity and diet will be investigated using multi-level models. Discussion Temporal factors, such as day type (weekday or weekend day), cultural celebrations and season, may play a key role in weight gain. The aim is to identify critical opportunities for intervention to assist the prevention of weight gain. Family-based interventions may be an important intervention strategy. Trial registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12619001430123. Prospectively registered on 16 October 2019.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document