scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of cases of death from tuberculosis and vulnerable territories

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 910-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mellina Yamamura ◽  
Marcelino Santos-Neto ◽  
Rebeca Augusto Neman dos Santos ◽  
Maria Concebida da Cunha Garcia ◽  
Jordana de Almeida Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: to characterize the differences in the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of death that had tuberculosis as an immediate or associated cause, and to analyze the spatial distribution of the cases of death from tuberculosis within the territories of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.Method: an ecological study, in which the population consisted of 114 cases of death from tuberculosis. Bivariate analysis was carried out, as well as point density analysis, defined with the Kernel estimate.Results: of the cases of death from tuberculosis, 50 were the immediate cause and 64 an associated cause. Age (p=.008) and sector responsible for the death certificate (p=.003) were the variables that presented statistically significant associations with the cause of death. The spatial distribution, in both events, did not occur randomly, forming clusters in areas of the municipality.Conclusion: the difference in the profiles of the cases of death from tuberculosis, as a basic cause and as an associated cause, was governed by the age and the sector responsible for the completion of the death certificate. The non-randomness of the spatial distribution of the cases suggests areas that are vulnerable to these events. Knowing these areas can contribute to the choice of disease control strategies.

scholarly journals Mortality and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2000-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45972
Author(s):  
Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana ◽  
Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Black People ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Analyze the epidemiological profile of and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. This is an ecological study in which data on death were sourced from the Mortality Information System. Years of Potential Life Lost were calculated over the historical series. A total of 2,266 deaths by suicide were analyzed, identified during the period, with the most frequent cases being those occurring at home, by hanging, among men, black people, single people and the elderly. More Years of Potential Life Lost were counted in the economically active age group (30-39 years old). Thus, recognizing the epidemiological characteristics of suicide in Rio Grande do Norte may guide more effective actions and strategies targeting risk populations and reinforces the need for further studies focusing on regions with the highest rates in the state. Moreover, mental health care must be adapted to age and gender, besides approaching social support needs and feeling of belonging.

scholarly journals Immediate postpartum haemorrhage at the Libreville University Hospital Centre: Epidemiological profile of women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN HONORE WOROMOGO ◽  
Nathalie Ledaga Ambounda ◽  
Felicite-Emma Yagata-Moussa ◽  
Liela Agnes Okoyi Ossouka ◽  
Vicky Noel Simo Tekem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background In Gabon, the frequency of maternal deaths directly related to Immediate PostPartum Haemorrhage (IPPH) is 15 to 25%, despite the different means that World Health Organization (WHO) has made available to the providers of the Emergency Obstetrical and Neonatal Care (EmONC). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of IPPH in order to improve its management and reduce the rate of maternal deaths. Methods An analytical retrospective study involved 42,728 records, whose data were collected using a chart collection form on the basis of information contained in partograms and other patient records. The description of the sample is made using numbers and proportions. The relationship between the etiologies of IPPH and certain characteristics of the women was established using the ORs with their 95% confidence interval. The difference was significant if p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of IPPH was 1.6%. The 20–39 age group was the most represented. Multiparous women accounted for 67.2%. Delivery hemorrhages accounted for 65.5% of IPPH. The main factors associated with delivery hemorrhages were multiparity (p < 0.001), preterm and postterm (p < 0.001), and child weight > 4,000 g (p < 0.001). Those associated with genital track injuries were young maternal age, multiparity (p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of IPPH was 1.6%. The most common etiology was hemorrhage from delivery. Multiparity remains the most common risk factor and the young age of the patients. It is important to improve management through better assessment of blood loss in the immediate postpartum as well as capacity building of health providers on EmONC.

scholarly journals Immediate Postpartum Haemorrhage at the Libreville University Hospital Centre: Epidemiological Profile of Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN HONORE WOROMOGO ◽  
Nathalie Ambouda Ledaga ◽  
Felicite-Emma Yagata-Moussa ◽  
Liela Agnes Okoyi Ossouka ◽  
Vicky Noel Simo Tekem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Introduction In Gabon, the frequency of maternal deaths directly related to Immediate PostPartum Haemorrhage (IPPH) is 15 to 25%, despite the different means that World Health Organization (WHO) has made available to the providers of the Emergency Obstetrical and Neonatal Care (EmONC). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of IPPH in order to improve its management and reduce the rate of maternal deaths.Methods An analytical retrospective study involved 42,728 records, whose data were collected using a chart collection form on the basis of information contained in partograms and other patient records. The description of the sample is made using numbers and proportions. The relationship between the etiologies of IPPH and certain characteristics of the women was established using the ORs with their 95% confidence interval. The difference was significant if p < 0.05.Results The prevalence of IPPH was 1.6%. The 20-39 age group was the most represented. Multiparous women accounted for 67.2%. Delivery hemorrhages accounted for 65.5% of IPPH. The main factors associated with delivery hemorrhages were multiparity (p<0.001), preterm and postterm (p<0.001), and child weight >4,000 g (p<0.001). Those associated with genital track injuries were young maternal age, multiparity (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IPPH was 1.6%. The most common etiology was hemorrhage from delivery. Multiparity remains the most common risk factor and the young age of the patients. It is important to improve management through better assessment of blood loss in the immediate postpartum as well as capacity building of health providers on EmONC.

scholarly journals Primary postpartum haemorrhage at the Libreville University Hospital Centre: Epidemiological profile of women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257544
Author(s):  
Nathalie Ledaga Ambounda ◽  
Sylvain Honore Woromogo ◽  
Felicite-Emma Yagata-Moussa ◽  
Liela Agnes Okoyi Ossouka ◽  
Vicky Noel Simo Tekem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In Gabon, the proportion of maternal deaths directly related to Primary PostPartum Haemorrhage (PPPH) is 15 to 25%, despite the different means that the World Health Organization has made available to the providers of Emergency Obstetrical and Neonatal Care (EmONC). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of Primary PostPartum Haemorrhage to improve its management and reduce the rate of maternal deaths. An analytical retrospective study involved 42,728 records, whose data were collected using a chart collection form on the basis of information contained in partograms and other patient records. Sociodemographic variables were expressed using percentage. The relationship between the etiologies of PPPH and certain characteristics of the women was established using the ORs with their 95% confidence intervals. The difference was significant if p < 0.05. The prevalence of PPPH was 1.6%. Delivery haemorrhages accounted for 65.5% of PPPH. The main factors associated with delivery haemorrhages were pauci parity and multiparity (p = 0.003 and 0.051), post-term (p = 0.042), and birth weight >4,000 g (p = 0.006). Those associated with genital tract injuries were young maternal age (p = 0.008) and multiparity (p = 0.028). The most common etiology was haemorrhage from delivery. Multiparity remains the most common risk factor and the young age of the patients. It is important to improve management through better assessment of blood loss in the primary postpartum period as well as capacity building of health providers on EmONC.

An Epidemiological Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases, Reported at National Institute of Health, Pakistan (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a zoonotic disease of novel origin that posed a continuous threat to health worldwide after taking the shape of the pandemic. An understanding of disease epidemiology is supportive in timely preventive and control measures as well as contact tracing and curbing surveillance activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 confirmed cases reported at the National Institute of Health Pakistan and elements of its spread in Pakistan. METHODS A retrospective record review was conducted at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad, Pakistan from January 25 to April 4, 2020. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done with 95% CI and p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 14,422 samples of suspected COVID-19 cases were received with a positivity rate of 9% (n=1348). Among all 70% (n=939) were male. The median age was 41years of age (range: 01-99Years). Among all, 19% were from 30-39 years old followed by 50-59 years old (17%). Children remained the least affected by 3% (n=35). Of the total reported cases, 55% (n=735) have reported the travel history within the last 14 days. Among these travelers’ international travelers were 23% (n=166) and domestic travelers were 77% (n=569). Travel history including both international and domestic remained significantly associated with the different age groups and Young adults remained more vulnerable to COVID-19 (P=0.03). Fever, SOB, and Cough remained the most significantly associated (P<0.05) in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of COVID-19 among elderly men suggests robust quarantine measures for this target population. An escalating incidence of local transmission needs strict social distancing and hygiene practices to help flatten the curve. An extensive multi-center study is also recommended for a full understanding of disease dynamics.

scholarly journals Development of the first georeferenced map of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. in Mexico from 1970 to date and prediction of its spatial distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazmin Alcala-Canto ◽  
Juan Antonio Figueroa-Castillo ◽  
Froylán Ibarra-Velarde ◽  
Yolanda Vera-Montenegro ◽  
María Eugenia Cervantes-Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Epidemiological Risk

The tick genus Ripicephalus (Boophilus), particularly R. microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites that affects livestock health and considered an epidemiological risk because it causes significant economic losses due, mainly, to restrictions in the export of infested animals to several countries. Its spatial distribution has been tied to environmental factors, mainly warm temperatures and high relative humidity. In this work, we integrated a dataset consisting of 5843 records of Rhipicephalus spp., in Mexico covering close to 50 years to know which environmental variables mostly influence this ticks’ distribution. Occurrences were georeferenced using the software DIVA-GIS and the potential current distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method (Maxent). The algorithm generated a map of high predictive capability (Area under the curve = 0.942), providing the various contribution and permutation importance of the tested variables. Precipitation seasonality, particularly in March, and isothermality were found to be the most significant climate variables in determining the probability of spatial distribution of Rhipicephalus spp. in Mexico (15.7%, 36.0% and 11.1%, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that Rhipicephalus has colonized Mexico widely, including areas characterized by different types of climate. We conclude that the Maxent distribution model using Rhipicephalus records and a set of environmental variables can predict the extent of the tick range in this country, information that should support the development of integrated control strategies.

scholarly journals Top-down estimation of carbon monoxide emissions from the Mexico Megacity based on FTIR measurements from ground and space

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 29915-29965 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stremme ◽  
M. Grutter ◽  
C. Rivera ◽  
A. Bezanilla ◽  
A. R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Surface Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Continuous carbon monoxide (CO) total column densities above the UNAM campus in Mexico City have been derived from solar absorption infrared spectroscopic measurements since October 2007. Its diurnal evolution is used in the present study in conjunction with other ground-based and satellite data to develop a top-down emission estimate of the annual CO emission of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The growth-rate of the total column around noon under low ventilation conditions is calculated and allows us to derive the average surface emission-flux at UNAM, while similar measurements taken at the edge of the MCMA in Tecámac provides information on background CO levels in the Mexico basin. Based on 3 yr of measurements, CO column measurements from the IASI satellite instrument are used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of this anthropogenic pollutant over the MCMA. The agreement between the measured columns of the satellite and ground-based measurements is excellent, particularly when a comparison strategy based on time-displaced air masses is used. The annual emission of the Mexico Megacity is estimated to be (2.15 ± 0.5) Tg yr−1 for the year 2008, while the official inventory for that year reported 1.6 Tg yr−1. The difference is slightly higher than the conservative uncertainty estimated in this work suggesting that the emission might be underestimated by the conventional bottom-up method. A larger discrepancy is found in the spatial distribution of the emissions, when comparing the emission flux over UNAM (derived from the ground-based measurement) with that of the inventory integrated over a representative area. The methodology presented here represents a new and useful strategy to evaluate the contribution of megacities to the global anthropogenic gas emissions. Additionally, three different strategies to compare ground and space-based measurements above an inhomogeneous and strongly contaminated area like Mexico City are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Prevalensi Infeksi Helicobacter pylori antara Etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dengan Sindrom Dispepsia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Willy Brodus Uwan ◽  
Ari Fahrial Syam ◽  
C Rinaldi A. Lesmana ◽  
Cleopas Martin Rumende
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Native People ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Pendahuluan. Risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) dikaitkan dengan banyak faktor yang terkait dengan pejamuagen-lingkungan. Etnis adalah salah satu faktor dari pejamu yang banyak diteliti di luar negeri. Prevalensi infeksi H. pylori didapatkan lebih tinggi pada etnis tertentu seperti misalnya di Cina. Berdasarkan teori migrasi dan teori transmisi, diduga infeksi H. pylori akan dibawa oleh penduduk yang bermigrasi dari daerah dengan prevalensi tinggi ke tempat tujuan migrasi. Etnis Tionghoa di Kalimantan Barat berasal dari daerah Cina Selatan dengan prevalensi infeksi H.pylori tinggi. Diperkirakan ada perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada etnis Tionghoa dibandingkan pada etnis asli Kalimantan Barat, yaitu etnis Dayak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi, karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada subjek etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dengan sindrom dispepsia.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori. Penelitian dilakukan di RSU Santo Antonius Pontianak dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai Juni 2015 dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori disajikan dalam angka persentase, sedangkan perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan perbedaan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan (p)=0,05.Hasil. Dari 203 subjek yang diteliti, terdiri dari 102 subjek etnis Tionghoa dan 101 subjek etnis Dayak, didapatkan angkaprevalensi H. pylori sebesar 40,8%. Prevalensi pada etnis Tionghoa didapatkan lebih tinggi dibanding etnis Dayak,berturut-turut sebesar 48,0% dan 33,7%. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan temuan hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok etnis.Simpulan. Terdapat perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada etnis Tionghoa (48,0%) dibanding etnis Dayak (33,7%). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompok etnis tersebut.Kata kunci: Dayak, etnis, Helicobacter pylori, sindrom dispepsia, Tionghoa The Difference in Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection between Chinese and Dayak Ethnics with Dyspepsia SyndromeIntroduction. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection was transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive samplingmethod. H. pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results. From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions. The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings among both ethnic groups.Keywords: Chinese, Dayak, Dyspeptic syndrome, Ethnic, Helicobacter pylori

scholarly journals Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Khademvatan ◽  
H. Majidiani ◽  
M. Foroutan ◽  
K. Hazrati Tappeh ◽  
S. Aryamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a significant zoonosis, especially in developing countries of the Middle East, with many studies focusing on CE genotypes in Iran. We performed a systematic review to determine the exact status of E. granulosus genotypes in the country. We explored English (Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Science Direct) and Persian (Magiran, Iran Medex and Scientific Information Database) databases along with Google Scholar. Our review included 73 studies published prior to the end of 2015. In total, 2952 animal (intermediate and definitive) hosts were examined, and the prevalent genotypes comprised G1 (92.75%) and G6 (4.53%) in sheep, cattle, camels, goats and buffaloes; G3 (2.43%) in five herbivore hosts and dogs; G7 (0.2%) in sheep and goats; and G2 (0.06%) in dogs. G1 was mostly dominant in West Azerbaijan, whereas G3 and G6 were identified most frequently in the provinces of Isfahan and Fars, respectively. Regarding human CE infection, 340 cases were reported from Iran, with the identified genotypes G1 (n = 320), G6 (n = 13) and G3 (n = 7). Most CE-infected humans originated from Isfahan province (168 cases), whereas the lowest number of infected persons was noted in Kerman province (two cases). The information obtained from this systematic review is central to better understanding the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in Iran, leading to more comprehensive control strategies.

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