Sugarcane residue management impact soil greenhouse gas

ABSTRACT Mechanized sugarcane harvest is replacing the historic practice of field burning, due to environmental concerns of the particulate and emissions during burning. However, the impact of these practices on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) production potential is not fully known. Thus, the present work quantified the potential production, in 1 g of soil, of greenhouse gases (GHG) in three systems of sugarcane management. The systems were: area with a history of burning sugarcane before harvest (B) and another with two systems of management of “green sugarcane” in two periods of implantation - 5 (G-5) and 10 years (G-10). A laboratory incubation experiment was used to assess the production potentials of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in 1g of soil samples by the different sugarcane management systems. The results of this study demonstrate that the sugarcane management systems had an impact on the potential production of CO2 in the soil. In addition, when the results of gases were divided from convex and concave areas, differences in CO2 patterns between areas B and G-10 were observed, with greater emission in the G-10 area, probably due the residue on the soil surface.

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27 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and a Partial Life Cycle Assessment When Growing Pigs Are Fed High Wheat Millrun Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 24-25

Author(s):

Agbee L Kpogo ◽

Jismol Jose ◽

Josiane Panisson ◽

Bernardo Predicala ◽

Alvin Alvarado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Pork Production ◽

Feed Production ◽

Farm Model ◽

And Performance ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Impact

Abstract The impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets on the global warming potential (GWP) of pork production was investigated. In study 1, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of wheat millrun (0 or 30%) and multi-carbohydrase enzyme (0 or 1 mg kg-1) as main effects was utilized. For each of 16 reps, 6 pigs (60.2±2.2 kg BW) were housed in environmental chambers for 14d. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2); nitrous oxide (N2O); and methane (CH4). In study 2, data from study 1 and performance data obtained from a previous feeding trial were utilized in a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework that included feed production. The Holos farm model (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge. AB) was used to estimate emissions from feed production. In study 1, total manure output from pigs fed 30% wheat millrun diets was 30% greater than pigs on the 0% wheat millrun diets (P < 0.05), however, Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect greenhouse gas (GHG) output (CH4, 4.7, 4.9; N2O, 0.45, 0.42; CO2, 1610, 1711; mg s-1 without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG production (CH4, 4.5, 5.1; N2O, 0.46, 0.42; CO2, 1808, 1513; mg s-1 without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). In study 2, the LCA indicated that the inclusion of 30% wheat millrun in diets for growing pigs resulted in approximately a 25% reduction in GWP when compared to the no wheat millrun diets. Our results demonstrate that 30% wheat millrun did not increase GHG output from the pigs, and thus the inclusion of wheat millrun in diets of growing pigs can reduce the GWP of pork production.

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Measuring the Labile and Recalcitrant Pools of Carbon and Nitrogen in Forested and Agricultural Soils: A Study under Tropical Conditions

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070544 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 544

Author(s):

Risely Ferraz de Almeida ◽

Joseph Elias Rodrigues Mikhael ◽

Fernando Oliveira Franco ◽

Luna Monique Fonseca Santana ◽

Beno Wendling

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

Management Systems ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Pools ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Recalcitrant Carbon ◽

The Impact

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen can be divided into labile and recalcitrant pools according to the time it takes to be cycled. The way in which carbon and nitrogen pools are cycled and distributed between labile and recalcitrant pools can directly relate to soil quality. This paper tested the hypothesis that labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen vary between agricultural soils with different species and fertilization management systems (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium need) under tropical conditions. This study aimed to examine the impact of land-uses on stocks and losses of carbon and nitrogen under tropical conditions. We explored labile (soil microbial biomass and labile carbon) and recalcitrant carbon pools (humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid) in forested and agricultural soils, defined as latosol (forest, fertilized pasture, and unfertilized pasture) and cambisol (forest, coast pasture, sugarcane, and silage corn). Forested soil was used as an appropriate use to soil conservation in tropical that presents levels adequate of carbon and nitrogen stocks and biological condition in soil. Results showed that pools of labile and recalcitrant carbon are different on soil layers and the use of soil. Forest use in cambisol and latosol promoted higher labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen due to the greater environmental stability without human intervention. On the other hand, human intervention occurred in fertilized pasture and coast pasture; however, both uses presented similar recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools when compared to forested soil on the soil surface due to fertilizer uses and the high volume of the grass root system. Overall, our findings reveal that under tropical conditions, agriculture and forested soil can present similar recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen if agricultural soils are associated with the appropriate fertilizer management. Pasture with adequate fertilization management systems can be used as an alternative to recover degraded areas with low levels of recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools.

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Weathering the Soviet Countryside: The Impact of Climate and Agricultural Policies on Russian Grain Yields, 1958–2010

The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review ◽

10.1163/18763324-04001005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 115-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nikolai M. Dronin ◽

Andrei P. Kirilenko

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

State Level ◽

Relative Role ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Production Potential ◽

Russian Agriculture ◽

Land Privatization ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Agriculture in Russia has always had to contend with unfavorable climate. At the same time, large-scale socio-economic experiments have also strained the country’s food production potential throughout the 20th century. The relative role of climate and state agricultural policies in affecting production of cereals was studied for the period of 1958–2010. The study used statistical yield modeling to explain the variations in observed yields with slowly changing progress in technology and management and weather variability. The correlation between the actual and weather-explained yields is moderate to high: measured at the level of the entire country, Pearson’s r is 0.74 and Spearman’s rho is 0.68. Further, we suggest that the residual yield variability can be explained partially with the influence of large-scale changes in agricultural policies at the state level. Between these policies, we consider the following key periods in the history of Russian agriculture: “Virgin Lands” campaign (end of 1950s), Kosygin-Liberman initiatives (late 1960s), Brezhnev’s investment programmes in response of stagnation of agriculture (late 1970s – early 1980s), Gorbachev’s “Perestrojka” (1985–1991), and land privatization and price liberalization (1990s).

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Crop Residues Management under Changing Climate Scenario

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i3631578 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

May Zar Myint ◽

Raihana Habib Kanth ◽

F. A. Bahar ◽

S. S. Mehdi ◽

A. A. Saad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Residue Management ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

The Impact

Soil is the fundamental and necessary natural resource for the agricultural production system. Due to the increasing global population and the impact of climate changes, natural resources are the major limiting factor to use widely for food production. The major factors responsible for the deterioration of natural resources are extreme events caused by man-made activities and unexpected and unpredictable adverse natural forces of nature. Among the different degradation processes, soil erosion is one of the serious threatens to the deterioration of soil for the agricultural sector and healthy ecosystem conservation. Intensive agricultural practices are particularly caused by the acceleration of the soil erosion process. Therefore, the good and systematic management of soil resources is indispensable not only for sustainable agriculture or conservation agriculture but also for the protection and reduction of the natural ecosystem. Covering crop residues on soil enhances organic matter, protects the soil surfaces, maintains water and nutrients, improves soil biological activity and chemical composition, and contributes to pest management. Therefore, crop residue management is one of the conservation practices and is designed to leave sufficient residue on the soil surface to reduce wind and water erosion. It includes all field operations that affect the amount of residue, its an orientation to the soil surface and prevailing wind and rainfall patterns and the residue distribution throughout the period requiring protection. This paper especially highlights the status of soil erosion, crop residues, and management in crop residues in sustainable agriculture.

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Impact of inulin and yeast containing synbiotic on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas production

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1017-1024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1024

Author(s):

S. Jonova ◽

A. Ilgaza ◽

M. Zolovs ◽

A. Balins

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Meat Samples ◽

The Impact

Aim: The research aimed to determine the impact of synbiotic: 6 g of prebiotic inulin and 5 g of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026 on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with 10 Holstein Friesian and Red Holstein (Bos taurus L.) crossbreed calves of mean age 33±6 days and initial body weight 73.4±12.75 kg. We added the synbiotic into the diet of five dairy crossbreed calves (SynG) and five calves in control group (CoG) received non-supplemented diet. The duration of the experiment was 56 days. The weight of calves and amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the rumen were determined on day 1, 28, and 56. On day 56, three calves from each group were slaughtered. Meat samples were assessed for some indicators of meat quality. The main methanogens were detected in the rumen fluid and feces. Results: The weight gain during the whole experiment period of 56 days was higher in the SynG (62.6±13.75 kg) compared to CoG (36.8±7.98 kg) calves (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the levels of protein (%), fat (unsaturated and saturated – %), and cholesterol (mg/100 g) in meat samples from both groups. At the end of the experiment, the amount of CH4 in calves' rumen in CoG was higher (Me=792.06 mg/m3, interquartile range [IQR] 755.06-873.59) compared to SynG (Me=675.41 mg/m3, IQR 653.46-700.50) group (p<0.01). The values for CO2 were also increased in CoG (Me=4251.28 mg/m3, IQR 4045.58-4426.25) compared to SynG (Me=3266.06 mg/m3, IQR 1358.98-4584.91) group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in the calves' weight and certain methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces on the 56th day of the experiment. Significantly higher results in the parameter total prokaryotes (V3) (bacteria+archaea) in rumen fluid were in SynG, whereas significantly higher results in the parameter total methanogens Met630/803 in rumen fluid were in CoG, p<0.05. Conclusion: The main results showed that the synbiotic can increase the daily weight gain in calves and decrease the amount of GHG in rumen but does not impact different methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces and meat protein, fat, and cholesterol levels.

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Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500092882 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 307-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Martin A. Locke ◽

Charles T. Bryson

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Residue Management ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Management Systems ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Agricultural Community ◽

Weed Emergence

Recent changes in technology, governmental regulation and scrutiny, and public opinion have motivated the agricultural community to examine current management practices from the perspective of how they fit into a sustainable agricultural framework. One aspect which can be incorporated into many existing farming systems is plant residue management (e.g., reduced tillage, cover crops). Many residue management systems are designed to enhance accumulation of plant residue at the soil surface. The plant residue covering the soil surface provides many benefits, including protection from soil erosion, soil moisture conservation by acting as a barrier against evaporation, improved soil tilth, and inhibition of weed emergence. This review summarizes recent literature (ca. last 25 yr) concerning the effects of plant residue management on the soil environment and how those changes impact herbicide interactions.

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Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p99-039 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 177-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. Y. Leeson ◽

J. W. Sheard ◽

A. G. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Correspondence Analysis ◽

Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽

Management System ◽

Management Practices ◽

Farming System ◽

Management Systems ◽

Weed Communities ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a range of management systems on weed communities in cropped fields on farms in Saskatchewan. Farms (n = 28) with management systems defined by a combination of different cropping histories and chemical input levels were selected. Fields were surveyed on each farm in 1995, 1996, and 1997 after any post-emergent weed control to ensure that their weed communities reflected the impact of all agronomic management practices typical of the management system. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine whether weed communities were significantly correlated with management system after removal of variance due to ecoregion and year. The largest difference in weed communities attributable to farming system was between the systems with annual cropping histories and those that included perennials in the cropping history. Thus, the life history of the weeds reflected the life history of the crops. Herbicide use was correlated with the next largest difference between systems. A significant association between weed communities and different management systems indicates that weed species are being selected for by these systems. If such selection pressure continues, these species may become a threat to the system's sustainability. Key words: Weed communities, chemical input level, cropping history, canonical correspondence analysis, correspondence analysis, farming system

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The Role of Anaerobic Digestion in Reducing Dairy Farm Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2612

Author(s):

Alun Scott ◽

Richard Blanchard

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Ghg Reduction ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Impact

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy farms are significant contributors to global warming. However, much of the published work on GHG reduction is focused on either methane (CH4) or nitrous oxide (N2O), with few, if any, considering the interactions that changes to farming systems can have on both gases. This paper takes the raw data from a year of activity on a 300-cow commercial dairy farm in Northern Ireland to more accurately quantify GHG sources by use of a simple predictive model based on IPCC methodology. Differing herd management policies are examined together with the impact of integrating anaerobic digestion (AD) into each farming system. Whilst significant success can be predicted in capturing CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) as biogas and preventing N2O emissions, gains made can be lost in a subsequent process, negating some or all of the advantage. The process of extracting value from the captured resource is discussed in light of current farm parameters together with indications of other potential revenue streams. However, this study has concluded that despite the significant potential for GHG reduction, there is little incentive for widespread adoption of manure-based farm-scale AD in the UK at this time.

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Spatial variability of CO2 fluxes from meadow and forest soils in western part of Wzniesienia Łódzkie (Łódź Hills)

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Krzysztof Tadeusz Wroński

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Humus Layer ◽

History Of ◽

Below Ground ◽

The Impact

Abstract For this study, the rate of soil respiration was estimated based on monthly measurements of 20 research points representing different types of plant communities. Meadows were found to have the highest rates of soil respiration, whereas rates measured in forests were lower. However, the seasonality of leaf and pine needle decomposition caused large variation in the CO2 fluxes from forest soils. Furthermore, the carbon content at both, the soil surface and 5 cm below ground, affected spatial differentiation of soil respiration in summer and autumn, while the carbon content at 5 cm below ground also affects the spatial variability of annual CO2 fluxes from the soil. Amazingly, however, results of research indicate that the carbon content throughout the whole humus layer does not impact soil respiration. It was also observed that changes in relief affected rates of soil respiration due to differences in sunlight exposure and the history of land use, which can markedly reduce the impact of the carbon content at 5 cm below ground on soil respiration.

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The phylogenetic and global distribution of extracellular bioplastic degrading genes

10.1101/2020.05.08.085522 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V. R. Viljakainen ◽

L. A. Hug

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuel ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Management Systems ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

Environmental Distribution ◽

Single Use ◽

Pha Production ◽

The Impact ◽

Culture Dependent

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of microbially-made polyesters that have been commercialized as biodegradable plastics. PHA production rates are predicted to increase rapidly as global concerns around environmental plastic contamination and limited fossil fuel resources have increased the importance of bio-based plastic alternatives. PHAs are meant to quickly degrade in the environment, but this degradation is reliant on microbially-secreted PHA depolymerases, whose taxonomic and environmental distribution have not been well-defined. As a result, the impact of increased PHA production and disposal on global environments is unknown. Here we used 3,842 metagenomes to analyze the distribution of PHA depolymerase genes in microbial communities from diverse aquatic, terrestrial and waste management systems. Our results indicate that extracellular PHA depolymerases are globally widespread but unevenly distributed, with certain environments showing little to no evidence for this activity. In tandem, we screened 5,290 metagenome-assembled genomes to describe the phylogenetic distribution of this trait, which is substantially broader compared to current cultured representatives. We identified members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes as key lineages with PHA biodegradation potential and predict this activity in members of the Actinobacteria, the Candidate phylum Rokubacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes and Spirochaetes.ImportanceEnvironmental concerns alongside legislation banning single-use petroleum-based plastics are expected to promote the production of bio-based plastics, including PHAs. PHAs represent a novel and emerging waste stream. If PHA disposal follows the precedent set by conventional plastics, a significant portion will be littered into the environment, or improperly discarded into landfills instead of composting facilities. Traditionally, the identification of bioplastic degrading enzymes and organisms has relied on culture-dependent assays. As a result, the PHA degradation capabilities of the “unculturable” fraction of microorganisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we leverage large amounts of environmental sequence data to assess which environments harbor PHA-degrading organisms and to determine the taxonomic affiliations of bioplastic degraders. Our analyses inform our understanding of the biodegradation potential in the environment, with implications for the impact of bioplastic pollution. We identify enzymes and organisms that may be suitable for future bioremediation, chemical processing or biotechnological applications.

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