scholarly journals Prevalence of physical activity through the practice of sports among adolescents from Portuguese speaking countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
Rômulo Araújo Fernandes ◽  
Catarina Martins ◽  
Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque ◽  
Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study evaluated the prevalence of physical activity through the practice of sports in adolescents from schools in two Brazilian cities and a Portuguese school, and its association with independent variables, such as gender and age. A cross-sectional study was conducted of schoolchildren from two cities in Brazil and one in Portugal. The total study sample was 3694 subjects (1622 males and 1872 females). Physical activity levels were assessed using Baecke's questionnaire. Body weight was measured on electronic scales and stature was measured with a portable wooden stadiometer. Numerical variables were expressed as mean, categorical variables were expressed as percentages and the chi-square test analyzed associations. The prevalence of no sport was high (39.7%), being higher in the Portuguese school than in the Brazilian schools (p < 0.001). Irrespective of being an adolescent in a Brazilian or Portuguese school, boys showed higher engagement in sports practice than girls (p < 0.001). In both, differences were identified between adolescents aged 13 to 15 (P = 0.001) and 16 to 17 (P = 0.001). The prevalence of physical inactivity among schoolchildren from two cities in Brazil and a school in Portugal was high, with the girls practicing less sport than the boys and with this imbalance likely to be higher in adolescents.

scholarly journals Infertility and physical activity: A cross-sectional study of women living in Yazd aged 20-49 yr, 2014-2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Nasim Namiranian ◽  
Behnam Bagheri-Fahraji ◽  
Somaye Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Background: Changes in the state of energy balance owing to changes in physical activity (PA) may affect the reproductive system. Objectives: the aim of this study was to assess the association between PA and infertility of women living in Yazd 2014 - 2015. Materials and Methods: The study method was analytical cross-sectional on the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) data which was conducted on 10,000 people. We studied 2,611 women (20 and 49 yrs old), living in Greater Yazd area. PA information was collected using a physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. The standardized instruments were used for anthropometrics measurement. Results: Totally 135 cases of infertility were documented. The overall prevalence of infertility was 4.73% (95% CI: 3.94-5.59%). The median of PA scores (METs) in women was 746.66 and 25-75% interquartile range was 361.25-1277.25. The relationship according to the Chi-square test between infertility and PA, as categorized variables, was significant (p = 0.015). It showed over 90% of those who suffered from infertility had a low or moderate PA. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that there is a significant relationship between infertility and PA level in women living in Greater Yazd area. Also, women with infertility had lower activity levels, consistent with most previous studies. Key words: Women, Infertility, Physical activity, Yazd, Iran.

Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship With Combinations of Physical Activity and Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescents in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gengyu Han ◽  
Jingshu Zhang ◽  
Shang Ma ◽  
Ruoran Lu ◽  
Jiali Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Given the widespread prevalence and serious nature of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IA and assess the relationships between IA and combinations of physical activity (PA) and screen-based sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 31,954 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. IA, PA, screen-based SB, and other information were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The chi-square test and mixed-effects logistic regression model were applied to estimate the relationship between IA and combinations of PA and screen-based SB. Results: 6.2% of the surveyed adolescents reported IA and the prevalence of low PA/high screen-based SB, high PA/high screen-based SB, low PA/low screen-based SB, and high PA/low screen-based SB were 53.7%, 19.5%, 18.8%, and 8.0%, respectively. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with low PA/high screen-based SB were 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.62–2.44, P < .001) times more likely to prefer IA than those with high PA/low screen-based SB. Conclusions: The prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescents is still high. Intervention programs like maintaining sufficient PA and reducing screen-based SB might contribute to reducing their IA.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Al-kalisi ◽  
Manal Al-Hajri ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND AMBLYOPIA IN STRABISMUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-08
Author(s):  
Noureen Malik ◽  
Hannan Masud ◽  
Imran Basit ◽  
Palwasha Noor
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Distance Fixation

Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

scholarly journals Relationship Between The Level of Physical Activity and The Incidence of Dementia in The Elderly

2021 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Elis Noviati ◽  
Tuti Hidayati ◽  
Resna Litasari ◽  
Reffi Nantia Khaerunnisa ◽  
Yanti Srinayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Background : Dementia is a symptom of a decline in memory, thinking, behavior, and ability to perform everyday activities. One of the risk factors for dementia is physical activity. Good physical activity in the elderly can reduce the risk of dementia. Purpose : This study is to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and the incidence of dementia in the elderly. Method : This study was an analytical association/correlation with a cross-sectional approach, with a total sample of 51 pages. The research instrument used PASE (Physical Activity Scale for Elderly) to measure the level of physical activity and MoCa (Montre al Cognitive Assessment) to assess cognitive function. Findings : The 15 respondents with a low level of physical activity, 13 respondents ( 86,7 %) had dementia and 2 respondents ( 13,3 %) of them did not have dementia. While 36 with good activity levels, 2 respondents ( 5,6 %) developed dementia and 34 respondents ( 94,4 %) had none Amendment I a. The statistical test used was the chi-square test (p = 0.00 ). ). There is a significant relationship between the level of physical activity and the incidence of dementia in the elderly. Also obtained an OR value of 0.009, meaning that physical activity that is less has a risk of 0.009 times experiencing dementia. Research limitations : Further research can be developed by conducting more specific research on the risk factors that can cause dementia Originality : The different from previous research, namely, in the research method, research instrument, time, and the title is taken.

Physical activity patterns and socio-demographic correlates of physical activity among medical undergraduates in Sri Lanka: an observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1107) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjuna Medagama ◽  
Manoj Galgomuwa ◽  
Chinthani De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Medical Undergraduates

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and a leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Medical undergraduates are a group of young adults expected to have a sound knowledge of the benefits of physical activity (PA) and have an active lifestyle.ObjectiveTo quantifyPA levels among medical undergraduates of a Sri Lankan university and to determine the socio-demographic correlates of physical inactivity.MethodsMedical undergraduates in their third, fourth and fifth years of study were recruited for this quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 421 students were recruited. Overall 41% were physically inactive. Females (47%) were more inactive than males (34%). The total mean weekly metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes was 1468.2±1873. Males (1676.2±1629) had a higher mean weekly MET minutes than females (1319±20102), p=0.05. 88% owned a portable internet device such as a smartphone or tablet. Students using health-related apps on their devices had significantly higherPA (p=0.01) and lower body mass index (BMI) (p=0.04), than those who did not. Binary logistic regression revealed physical inactivity to be significantly associated with gender (p=0.01), not using a health-promoting app on their portable device (p=0.01) and the year of study (p=0.03).ConclusionPhysical inactivity is a significant problem among medical undergraduates. The use of health applications was associated with a higher PA and lower BMI. The reasons for inactivity and the discrepancy in activity levels between males and females needs to be explored in greater detail.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in the consumption of beans and other legumes: a study with adults from Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L P B Medina ◽  
M B A Barros ◽  
A A Barros Filho
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Legumes have an effect on reducing risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases if consumed at least 4 times a week. In addition, they contribute to intestinal health, are a source of fiber and protein and represent an important instrument for the food safety of developing countries. It was intended to estimate the prevalence of consumption of beans and other legumes, in the diet of the adult population of a city in southeastern Brazil identifying inequalities of race, income and schooling. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Campinas, São Paulo (ISACamp 2014/15) that evaluated 1889 people aged 18 years or older. Pearson's Chi-square test estimated the prevalence of bean consumption at least 4 days a week, as well as the prevalence of consumption of other legumes among those who stopped consuming beans in 3 days or more. The associations of these behaviors with the variables race, income and schooling were analyzed based on the prevalence ratios adjusted by gender and age. Among blacks and browns, in groups with incomes below 0.5 minimum wage and in those with up to 4 years of study, percentages higher than 66% were found in the prevalence of bean consumption in more than 4 days a week. Among those who stopped eating beans in at least 3 days, no more than 24% reported ingesting other legumes as a substitute. Among the whites, in the group of best income and in the best level of study the prevalence of bean consumption was lower and the intake of other legumes was more frequent. It is noteworthy, however, that the prevalence of bean replacement with another type of legumes did not exceed 34% even among the most favored strata. It is concluded that beans are strongly present in the diet of the less privileged groups of population and that the substitution of beans with other legumes, besides infrequent, can be considered a practice of whites and segments of better socioeconomic level. Key messages Beans are strongly present in the diet of the less privileged groups of population. The substitution of beans with other legumes can be considered a practice of whites and segments of better socioeconomic level.

scholarly journals DRUG DISPOSAL: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Freitas de Sousa Viana ◽  
Geilson Lessa de Magalhães ◽  
Eulália Heleodora Santana Martins dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dichotomous Variables ◽  
Exact Amount

Little is known about the knowledge of pharmacy students about the correct ways for drug disposal. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of the pharmacy students about drug disposal. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaire application to 182 pharmacy students in Brazil between October and November of 2016. Data analyzes of the categorical variables were performed using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test (X2) was used to evaluate the possible differences in the frequency between the form of medication discard according to dichotomous variables. Sixty-four point eight percent of the students reported discarding the drugs incorrectly, being that 48.8% do it in the household garbage. About 32% of the interviewers believed that the dispensation of the medicines beyond the exact amount for treatment is the main reason for the leftover. The chi-square test showed a higher correct disposal index from the 6th to the 10th period compared to the 1st to the 5th and according to previous guidance. Sixty-seven point six percent considered incorrect your way of drug disposal, 63.7% suggested the special collection as the correct destination and 84.6% reported knowing the consequences of improper disposal. This study showed that the majority of pharmacy students discards the overdue and/or unused drugs in an environmentally inadequate manner, but the correct disposal is more significant with the advance of the course period.

scholarly journals O que levou os idosos à institucionalização?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Valderina Moura Lopes ◽  
Allyny Mobley Tavares dos Santos Scofield ◽  
Renata Kelly Lopes de Alcântara ◽  
Bruna karen Cavalcante Fernandes ◽  
Saul Filipe Pedrosa Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Chi Square Test

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever os principais motivos que levaram os idosos à institucionalização. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado em uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos, por consulta a 219 prontuários, utilizando-se um questionário. Para a associação das variáveis contínuas e categóricas, foram utilizados os testes Kruskal-wallis e o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson considerando p<0,05, apresentados em tabela. Resultados: no total, 55,6% eram idosos do sexo feminino, com idade média de 77 (±0,55). Os principais motivos foram vontade própria, questões familiares, abandono e violência. As variáveis mais relacionadas aos motivos de institucionalização foram sexo (p=0,013), estado civil (p=0,041), com quem residia (p=<0,001), recebe visitas (p=0,011) e grau de dependência (p=<0,001). As causas determinantes encontradas que levaram os idosos à inserção em uma instituição de longa permanência chamam a atenção para a busca de ações e estratégias sociais e políticas prévias, antes da institucionalização, a fim de evitar a sua ocorrência, a superlotação e os custos onerosos nesses estabelecimentos. Conclusão: observou-se que todos os idosos, independentemente do motivo, estiveram expostos a desfechos clínicos e sociais negativos. Descritores: Instituição de Longa Permanência Para Idosos; Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado; Envelhecimento; Saúde Pública, Idoso; Habitação para Idosos.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the main reasons that led the elderly people to institutionalization. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out in a long-term institution for the elderly by 219 medical records, using a questionnaire. For the association of continuous and categorical variables, the Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson's Chi-Square test were used considering p <0.05, presented in a table. Results: in total, 55.6% were female elderly, with a mean age of 77 years old (± 0.55). The main reasons were self-will, family issues, abandonment, and violence. The variables most related to the reasons for institutionalization were gender (p=0.013), marital status (p=0.041), company at home (p=0.001), receiving visits (p=0.011) and degree of dependency (p=<0.001). The determining causes that have led the elderly person to join a long-term institution were highlighted to the search for prior social actions and strategies, prior to institutionalization, in order to avoid their occurrence, overcrowding and the high costs in these establishments. Conclusion: it was observed that all the elderly person, regardless of the reason, were exposed to negative clinical and social outcomes. Descriptors: Homes For The Age; Health of Institutionalized Elderly; Aging; Public Health; Aged; Housing For The Elderly.RESUMENObjetivo: describir los principales motivos que llevaron a los ancianos a la institucionalización. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en una institución de larga permanencia para ancianos, por consulta a 219 prontuarios, utilizándose un cuestionario. Para la asociación de las variables continuas y categóricas, fueron utilizados los testes Kruskal-wallis y el Test Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson considerando p<0,05, presentados en una tabla. Resultados: en total, 55,6% eran ancianos del sexo femenino, con edad media de 77 (±0,55). Los principales motivos fueron ganas propia, cuestiones familiares, abandono y violencia. Las variables más relacionadas a los motivos de institucionalización fueron sexo (p=0,013), estado civil (p=0,041), con quien residía (p=<0,001), recibe visitas (p=0,011) y grado de dependencia (p=<0,001). Las causas determinantes encontradas que llevaron a los ancianos a la inserción en una institución de larga permanencia llaman la atención para la búsqueda de acciones y estrategias sociales y políticas previas, antes de la institucionalización, para evitar su ocurrencia, la superlotación y los costos altos en esos establecimientos. Conclusión: se observó que todos los ancianos, independientemente del motivo, estuvieron expuestos a resultados clínicos y sociales negativos. Descriptores: Hogares para Ancianos; Salud del Anciano Institucionalizado; Envejecimiento; Salud Pública, Anciano; Viviendas para Ancianos.

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

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