Tobacco smoking and body composition in persons living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between tobacco smoking and body composition in patients with HIV/AIDS in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study with people of HIV followed in specialized care service for HIV patients located in the South of Brazil. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to assess smoking and other psychoactive substance use. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to squared height (in meters). Patients also had their body composition evaluated with a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Bodystat® Quadscan 4000, RU) to estimate skeletal muscle index (SMI). In total, 320 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of smoking was 54.7%. Tobacco smoking was associated with malnutrition, lower body mass index scores, and lower skeletal muscle mass index. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with HIV/AIDS and that this behavior is associated with worse body composition. Thus, it is suggested to implement strategies to support smoking cessation among people with HIV/AIDS.

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Low Skeletal Muscle Index Adjusted for Body Mass Index Is an Independent Risk Factor for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgical Complications

Crohn's & Colitis 360 ◽

10.1093/crocol/otaa064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Berger ◽

Akihiro Yamada ◽

Yuga Komaki ◽

Fukiko Komaki ◽

Russell D Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate sarcopenia defined by skeletal muscle index (SMI) with cutoffs adjusted for sex and body mass index as a predictive marker for postoperative outcomes among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods The SMI was measured using the cross-sectional computed tomography images at the lumbar spine. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors of postoperative complications. Results Ninety-one patients were included in the study. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (odds ratio = 5.37; confidence interval: 1.04–27.6) was predictive of infectious postoperative complications. Conclusions Sarcopenia as defined by the SMI is a predictor for 30-day postoperative infection complications in inflammatory bowel disease surgeries.

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Physical fitness and nutritional anthropometric status of children from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Danielle Smith ◽

Larissa Adams ◽

Rosa Du Randt ◽

Jan Degen ◽

Stefanie Gall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Background Information ◽

Lower Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disadvantaged Communities ◽

Nelson Mandela

Background: Information about the relationships between physical fitness, body composition and nutrition has increased in recent years; however, little is known about physical fitness and the coexistence of under-/overnutrition among children living in disadvantaged areas. Objectives: To determine the physical fitness status and its association with body composition, growth and selected socio- demographics in primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-five children (49% girls, M=9.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured to establish body mass index, and height-for-age z-scores. Physical fitness was assessed using tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness test battery (flexibility, upper/lower body muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness). Between- group differences and cross-sectional associations were examined with univariate (Chi2-tests, analyses of variance) and multivariate methods (mixed linear/logistic regression). Results: Most children had normal weight (76.7%), while 4.5% were underweight and 18.7% were overweight/obese. Underweight children and children with stunted growth (11.5%) had lower average upper body strength (p<0.001). Overweight/obese children had lower scores in weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Children with higher socio-economic status were more likely to be overweight and obese (p<0.001). In the multivariate analyses, sex, age, body mass index, and stunting were associated with children’s physical fitness. Conclusion: Fitness assessments seem to be a relevant measure of the current health status of children in disadvantaged settings. Compared to international norms, the children in this study had relatively low scores for both upper- and lower body muscular strength. Therefore, effective school-based intervention programmes should be developed to improve children’s physical fitness in disadvantaged schools.

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Abstract 15499: Children After Fontan have the Strength, Body Composition, and Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Required for Successful Participation with Peers

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.15499 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia E Longmuir ◽

Mary Corey ◽

Guy Faulkner ◽

Jennifer L Russell ◽

Brian W McCrindle

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Daily Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: This cross-sectional study evaluated the healthy, active lifestyle capacity (daily physical activity, strength, flexibility, body composition) of children after Fontan, which was hypothesized to be lower than healthy peers. Methods: Participants (n=64, 25 female) were 9 ± 2 years of age. Fontan completion occurred at 3 ± 1 years of age. Canadian Health Measures Survey protocols assessed aerobic endurance (walking up/down steps at set pace), strength (handgrip dynamometry), flexibility (sit and reach), body composition (body mass index) and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (7-day accelerometry). Participant versus published norm differences were evaluated with t-tests. Linear regression evaluated associations with age/gender/demographic factors. Results: Children after Fontan had strength scores similar (mean difference 1 kg) to their peers, were less likely to be obese (mean difference of body mass index = 1.1 ± 2.5, p=.001) and performed 50 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per day. Estimated maximal aerobic endurance (mean difference = 21 ± 3 ml/kg/min or 61% of expected) and flexibility (mean difference = 9 ± 8 cm or 64% of expected) were lower than peers(p<.001). Participants performed fewer minutes of daily activity (mean difference from normal 12 ± 17 minutes/day, p<.001), but almost all (60/63) demonstrated the capacity for at least 20 minutes per day. Daily activity was higher with Fontan completion at a younger age (4 ± 2 mins/year) and for those taking antithrombotic medication (7 ± 18 and 22 ± 17 fewer minutes/day for those taking/not taking antithrombotics, respectively). Conclusions: Children after Fontan demonstrate the capacity to successfully perform the daily physical activity associated with optimal health. They have similar levels of strength and good body composition. We recommend that children after Fontan be counselled to expect that they can successfully participate in physically active peer play.

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Cancer Cachexia in the Age of Obesity: Skeletal Muscle Depletion Is a Powerful Prognostic Factor, Independent of Body Mass Index

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.45.2722 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1539-1547 ◽

Cited By ~ 949

Author(s):

Lisa Martin ◽

Laura Birdsell ◽

Neil MacDonald ◽

Tony Reiman ◽

M. Thomas Clandinin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

C Statistic ◽

Muscle Attenuation

Purpose Emerging evidence suggests muscle depletion predicts survival of patients with cancer. Patients and Methods At a cancer center in Alberta, Canada, consecutive patients with cancer (lung or GI; N = 1,473) were assessed at presentation for weight loss history, lumbar skeletal muscle index, and mean muscle attenuation (Hounsfield units) by computed tomography (CT). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Concordance (c) statistics were used to test predictive accuracy of survival models. Results Body mass index (BMI) distribution was 17% obese, 35% overweight, 36% normal weight, and 12% underweight. Patients in all BMI categories varied widely in weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation. Thresholds defining associations between these three variables and survival were determined using optimal stratification. High weight loss, low muscle index, and low muscle attenuation were independently prognostic of survival. A survival model containing conventional covariates (cancer diagnosis, stage, age, performance status) gave a c statistic of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.79), whereas a model ignoring conventional variables and including only BMI, weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation gave a c statistic of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95; P < .001). Patients who possessed all three of these poor prognostic variables survived 8.4 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.3), regardless of whether they presented as obese, overweight, normal weight, or underweight, in contrast to patients who had none of these features, who survived 28.4 months (95% CI, 24.2 to 32.6; P < .001). Conclusion CT images reveal otherwise occult muscle depletion. Patients with cancer who are cachexic by the conventional criterion (involuntary weight loss) and by two additional criteria (muscle depletion and low muscle attenuation) share a poor prognosis, regardless of overall body weight.

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Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00744.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 2333-2338 ◽

Cited By ~ 696

Author(s):

Wei Shen ◽

Mark Punyanitya ◽

ZiMian Wang ◽

Dympna Gallagher ◽

Marie-Pierre St.-Onge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Intervertebral Space ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abdominal Image ◽

Total Body

A single abdominal cross-sectional computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance image is often obtained in studies examining adipose tissue (AT) distribution. An abdominal image might also provide additional useful information on total body skeletal muscle (SM) and AT volumes with related physiological insights. We therefore investigated the relationships between abdominal SM and AT areas from single images and total body component volumes in a large and diverse sample of healthy adult subjects. Total body SM and AT volumes were derived by whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging in 123 men [age (mean ± SD) of 41.6 ± 15.8 yr; body mass index of 25.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2] and 205 women (age of 47.8 ± 18.7 yr; body mass index of 26.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2). Single abdominal SM and AT slice areas were highly correlated with total body SM ( r = 0.71–0.92; r = 0.90 at L4–L5 intervertebral space) and AT ( r = 0.84–0.96; r = 0.94 at L4–L5 intervertebral space) volumes, respectively. R2 increased by only 5.7–6.1% for SM and 2.7–4.4% for AT with the inclusion of subject sex, age, ethnicity, scanning position, body mass index, and waist circumference in the model. The developed SM and AT models were validated in an additional 49 subjects. To achieve equivalent power to a study measuring total body SM or AT volumes, a study using a single abdominal image would require 17–24% more subjects for SM and 6–12% more subjects for AT. Measurement of a single abdominal image can thus provide estimates of total body SM and AT for group studies of healthy adults.

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Body mass index and skeletal muscle index are useful prognostic factors for overall survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000023363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (47) ◽

pp. e23363

Author(s):

Eun Young Kim ◽

Kyong Hwa Jun ◽

Shinn Young Kim ◽

Hyung Min Chin

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Body Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index

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Correlation of Body Mass Index, Skeletal Muscle, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae ◽

10.24193/subbeag.66(3).25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

NORBERT CSABA LUKÁCS

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Obesity is one of the 21st century major health challenges. Adipose tissue is distributed in different proportions in the human body depending on where it is located in the body. The purpose of the research. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in case of first year students of Partium Christian University from Oradea. Subjects and methods. The research included a sample group of 112 students. The analysis of the body composition was performed using the method of bioelectrical impedance. Results. The registered data reveal that 23% of the subjects were overweight or obese and 15% had a low percentage of skeletal muscle. Conclusions. In case of both genders there is a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue.

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Correlation between dietary fat consumption with body mass index and body composition (a preliminary study in community based)

Health Science Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.22435/hsji.v12i2.2443 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 128-131

Author(s):

Amelya Augusthina Ayusari ◽

Budiyanti Wiboworini ◽

Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti ◽

Dwi Rahayu ◽

Widardo Widardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Health Science ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fat Consumption ◽

Total Fat ◽

Total P

Pendahuluan: Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan hubungan antara konsumsi lemak dengan indeks massa tubuh dan komposisi tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi harian lemak total, asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (PUFA) dan kolesterol total dengan beberapa paramater gizi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional, dengan 102 subjek. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan adalah tinggi badan, berat badan, indeks massa tubuh dan pengukuran komposisi tubuh menggunakan timbangan komposisi tubuh Omron® HBF-212. Analisis konsumsi lemak total, asam lemak tak jenuh ganda dan kolesterol total menggunakan Software nutrisurvey 2007. Uji korelasi yang digunakan adalah Spearman Rho dengan menggunakan SpSS 21. Hasil: Konsumsi lemak total tidak berhubungan dengan indeks massa tubuh, massa lemak total, dan massa lemak visceral. Konsumsi PUFA berhubungan secara negatif dengan indeks massa tubuh (p <0,014, -0,24) dan massa lemak total (p <0,001, -0,326), sedangkan konsumsi total kolesterol total berhubugan secara negatif dengan indeks massa tubuh (p <0,019, -0,23), dan massa lemak total (p <0,001, -0,337). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara konsumsi lemak dengan indeks massa tubuh dan komposisi tubuh. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):128-31) Kata kunci: konsumsi lemak; indeks massa tubuh; komposisi tubuh Abstract Introduction: Studies showed some relation between fat consumption with body mass index and body composition. We conducted a study to investigate relationships between daily consumption of total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total cholesterol with some nutritional parameters. Methods: This was cross-sectional study, with 102 subjects. The study was examined height, body weight, body mass index and body composition measurements using the Omron® HBF-212 body composition monitor. There was nutrisurvey 2007 to measure total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acid and total cholesterol consumption. We analyzed the correlation by using SpSS 21 (Spearman Rho) Results: Total fat consumption was not related to body mass index, total fat mass, and visceral fat mass. PUFA consumption was negatively associated with body mass index (p <0.014, -0.24) and total fat mass (p <0.001, -0.326), while consumption of total cholesterol was negatively associated with body mass index (p <0.019, -0.23), and total fat mass (p <0.001, -0.337) Conclusion: There was a relation between fat consumption with body mass index and body composition.(Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):128-31). Keywords: fat consumption; body mass index; body composition

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Estimación del riesgo cardiovascular por composición corporal total

Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo ◽

10.53853/encr.4.1.104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Oscar Medina ◽

Juan Manuel Sarmiento ◽

Larry Quinn ◽

Sonia Merlano ◽

Fabian Antonio Dávila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional

Introducción: La obesidad y la adiposidad están relacionadas con el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el perímetro abdominal son las variables antropométricas más utilizadas para evaluar su magnitud. El presente estudio busca establecer la relación entre desenlaces cardiometabólicos y la adiposidad medida con Absorciometría Dual por rayos X (DXA), así como el rendimiento diagnóstico de la misma contra la medición de las variables antropométricas convencionales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal; se calcularon las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal para 60 pacientes en programa de rehabilitación cardiaca fase II. Resultados: Existió mayor prevalencia de obesidad por IMC y adiposidad en mujeres que en hombres (p=0,01 y 0,048). La curva ROC encontró que el rendimiento del perímetro abdominal es solo 65% y el del IMC del 65,6% para el diagnóstico de adiposidad. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre porcentaje de masa grasa elevado y la enfermedad coronaria (OR: 1,9 p= 0,042); el IMC aumentado con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 3,0 p= 0,0334) y el LDL > 70 mg/dl (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178); el perímetro abdominal aumentado con la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,58 p=0,0382); la TMB baja con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 1,70 p= 0,046) y finalmente el IIRME disminuido con el LDL > 70 mg/dl y la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178 y OR 1,96 p=0,078, respectivamente).Conclusiones: La suma de la medición de las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal por DXA ofrece información valiosa para el estudio y estimación del riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico de los pacientes. Abstract Introduction: Obesity and adiposity are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are the most anthropometric variables used to assess their magnitude. This study aims to establish the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes measured by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as well as the diagnostic performance of the latter against the measurement of the conventional anthropometric variables. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted; anthropometric and body composition variables for 60 patients in cardiac rehabilitation program phase II were calculated. Results: There was a higher prevalence of obesity by BMI and adiposity in women than in men (p = 0.01 and 0.048). The ROC curve found that the performance is only 65% for waist circumference and 65.6% for BMI for the diagnosis of adiposity. Significant correlations between high percentage of fat mass and coronary heart disease (OR: 1.9 p = 0.042) were found; as well as for increased BMI with hypertension (OR: 3.0 p = 0.0334) and LDL> 70mg/dl (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178); increased waist circumference with heart failure (OR: 0.58 p = 0.0382); low basal metabolic rate (BMR) with hypertension (OR: 1.70 p = 0.046) and finally the decreased fat free mass index (FFMI) with LDL>70mg/dl and heart failure (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178 and OR: 1.96 p = 0.078 respectively). Conclusions: The addition of body composition variables by DXA and anthropometric variables, provides valuable information for the study and estimation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Key Words: Obesity; DEXA Scans; Coronary Disease; BodyComposition; Body Mass Index; Adiposity.

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