scholarly journals Ethics and conflict of interest in psychiatric research

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Fernando Portela Câmara
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Research Professionals

This article discusses the relationship between personal interests and medical research. The presence of research professionals who conduct studies which will later be used for market investments through new pharmaceutical products or procedures has brought up a number of issues, especially regarding the neutrality of the use of such products. The fact that some researchers receive shares in stocks and profits of some companies, and the way the companies finance them and use their credibility in scientific marketing have been a source of concern to scientific journals, the academic community and the better-informed public as to the validity of the results presented and the reliability of the pharmaceutical products themselves. The question of how neutrality can be preserved without the inevitable involvement of these interests is an ethical issue that has yet to be carefully examined by agencies that regulate the medical profession.

scholarly journals Conflicts of interest in the reporting of biomedical research in mainstream newspapers in Canada

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Steven Douglas Buist
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mainstream Press

Ethical behaviour by investigators is the cornerstone of scientific research. Recognizing, declaring and avoiding a conflict of interest are key responsibilities for biomedical researchers, particularly since commercial enterprises, such as pharmaceutical companies, have become major funding sources of research. Proactive disclosure of researchers' financial relationships is now a requirement for publication in most scientific journals. The question that arises is whether this same increased scrutiny of financial disclosure and potential for conflict of interest has extended to the mainstream press in Canada. A content analysis of biomedical research articles that appeared in Canadian daily newspapers from 2001 to 2008 showed that 82 per cent of the articles failed to identify the financial connection that existed between the researcher(s) and the commercial funder, and nearly half of the articles did not even identify the commercial funding source of the research. A text analysis showed that 94 per cent of the articles were positive about the drug/device cited by the research, and positive, optimistic words such as “breakthrough”, “significant”, “hope” and “promising” were often used in the news articles. Reporters frequently frame biomedical research articles using a battle-like template that describes a fight between good and evil. Another common approach was to frame the article as a message of hope for the future. A genre analysis showed that the genre of medical research news articles published in newspapers is highly dissimilar to the genre of medical research articles published in scientific journals. It is likely these two genres have been constructed to appeal to very different target audiences. The study results show overwhelmingly that readers are not provided with key information about potential financial conflicts of interest involving the researchers and the commercial sources of funding for the research. Such lack of transparency thwarts the reader’s ability to reach informed conclusions about whether or not the research has been either explicitly or implicitly influenced by the researcher’s potential conflict.

Relationship between Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and International Trade: The Case of Russian Pharmaceutical Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Chugunova ◽  
Olga A. Klochko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Geographical Diversification ◽  
The Relationship

This research studies the relationship of cross-border mergers and acquisitions to international trade through the lens of Russian pharmaceutical market. To this aim, the study analyses the woks of foreign economists dedicated to evaluating the link between foreign direct investment and international trade, and the influence of mergers and acquisitions on countries’ export and import flows. The research also presents a correlation analysis between the volume of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports and cross-border deals performed by foreign pharmaceutical companies in Russia. We characterize these deals and conduct a comparative analysis of the regional structure of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports as well as of the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The results of the analysis indicate a positive relationship between cross-border mergers and acquisitions and Russian pharmaceutical exports, which is reflected in the export volume growth and its geographical diversification. However, it is outlined that particular problems of the industry hinder the amelioration of Russian positions in international exports. Similarly, the relationship between cross-border deals and Russian imports is positive: the major pharmaceutical products supply flow occurs from the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions conducted in the Russian pharmaceutical sector.

HUBUNGAN BOARD DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fivi Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Earnings management is the moral hazard problem of manager that adses because of the conflict of interest between the manager as agent and the stakeholder and the owner as principal. The behavior of earnings management will immediately influence the reported earning. The aims of this research at examining the relationship of board and audit committe to earnings management. The samples of this research is all of companies member Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) in the years of 2003-2006 which were listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange. The results of this study show that (1) the proportion of independent directors on the board had not significant relationship to earning management, (2) competence of independent directors on the board had not significant relationship to earning management, (3) the size of board had significant relationship to earning management, (4) the proportion of independent directors on the audit committe had not significant relationship to earning management, and (5) competence of members of the audit committe had significant relationship to earning management.

scholarly journals The academic viewpoint on Big data and patient data ownership (as seen in the scientific literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mircheva ◽  
M Mirchev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Ethical Challenges

Abstract Background Ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data is a relatively new problem, apparently not yet fully understood. There are not enough publications on the subject. Since the topic is interdisciplinary, incorporating legal, ethical, medical and aspects of information and communication technologies, a slightly more sophisticated analysis of the issue is needed. Aim To determine how the medical academic community perceives the issue of ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data. Methods Literature search for full text publications, indexed in PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect and Scopus identified only 27 appropriate articles authored by academicians and corresponding to three focus areas: problem (ownership); area (healthcare); context (Big Data). Three major aspects were studied: scientific area of publications, aspects and academicians' perception of ownership in the context of Big Data. Results Publications are in the period 2014 - 2019, 37% published in health and medical informatics journals, 30% in medicine and public health, 19% in law and ethics; 78% authored by American and British academicians, highly cited. The majority (63%) are in the area of scientific research - clinical studies, access and use of patient data for medical research, secondary use of medical data, ethical challenges to Big data in healthcare. The majority (70%) of the publications discuss ownership in ethical and legal aspects and 67% see ownership as a challenge mostly to medical research, access control, ethics, politics and business. Conclusions Ownership of medical data is seen first and foremost as a challenge. Addressing this challenge requires the combined efforts of politicians, lawyers, ethicists, computer and medical professionals, as well as academicians, sharing these efforts, experiences and suggestions. However, this issue is neglected in the scientific literature. Publishing may help in open debates and adequate policy solutions. Key messages Ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data is a problem that should not be marginalized but needs a comprehensive attitude, consideration and combined efforts from all stakeholders. Overcoming the challenge of ownership may help in improving healthcare services, medical and public health research and the health of the population as a whole.

Carers’ ambivalence in conflict situations with older persons

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Breitholtz ◽  
Ingrid Snellman ◽  
Ingegerd Fagerberg
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of professional carers’ experiences in caring situations when a conflict of interest arises with the older person receiving care. The findings reveal the complexity of the carers’ ambivalence when facing a conflict of interest, weighing up between the older persons’ right to self-determination and external demands. The carers are alone in their ambivalence, and the conclusion is that they need help and support to be more present in the encounter. The implication for this study is to focus on care as a person-centered practice and to focus on people as interdependent on support carers to maintain older people’s right to self-determination in the relationship.

The Relationship Between Psychiatric Research and Public Policy

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Bureaucratic Agencies ◽  
The Relationship

The rationale upon which public policy for the support of psychiatric research has been fashioned and the extent to which the results of that research are used to shape public mental-health policy are examined. Support for research competes with other claims for resource allocation and the decisions made reflect the relative strength of the interested constituencies. When research findings promise cost savings, they are readily adopted (sometimes unwisely so), but when they require substantial new outlays or changes in bureaucratic agencies, they are all too often ignored.

scholarly journals The Gendering of Cancer Survivorship

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between gender and cancer survivorship. I argue that gender is as critical as a category of analysis for understanding cancer survivorship as it is missing from survivorship studies, particularly as concerns the identificatory basis of survivor culture and clinical studies regarding survivors’ quality of life (QOL). This under-studied question of the gendering of survivorship is critical because the consequences of the social production of disease is far-reaching, from the nature of medical research to social awareness, to funding to the well-being of cancer survivors themselves.

scholarly journals NEW MATERIALS FROM THE AMHERST MEREZHKOVSKY ARCHIVE 2. N. A. BERDIAEV IN THE «DIARIES» OF T. N. GIPPIUS (1906–1908)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 144-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Mikhailovna Pavlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This publication introduces the academic community to the new data from the archives of the Merezhkovskys and D. V. Filosofov, which are stored in the Amherst Center for Russian Culture (Massachusetts, USA). It presents a selection of letters by Filosofov (1906) and N. A. Berdiaev (1907) that provide new details concerning the relationship between the two. Excerpts from the «diaries» of T. N. Gippius that supplement the «Berdiaev» narrative are published as an appendix.

scholarly journals Participatory communication as a key strategy in the construction of citizenship

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 890-900
Author(s):  
Felipe Anderson Rios Incio ◽  
Enaidy Reynosa Navarro ◽  
Edith Gissela Rivera Arellano ◽  
Lindon Vela Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Social Empowerment ◽  
The Relationship

This research set out to analyze the importance of participatory communication as a critical strategy in the construction of citizenship through an exhaustive review of the specialized literature; whose purpose was to update the knowledge related to citizenship and its structure, participatory communication and its contribution to the construction of citizenship, as well as updated approaches to participatory communication. The scientific information supporting the study results was fundamentally extracted from scientific journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet. All citations and bibliographic references were managed using Mendeley. As preliminary results, it is found that participatory communication facilitates the integration and cohesion of the communities, based on joint projects, decision-making, participation, and actions that benefit citizens. It is concluded that citizenship is in constant change depending on the citizen; also, that it is essential to recover the relationship between citizenship and participation in pursuit of socio-cultural development; likewise, that community participation must be legitimate, holistic, and inclusive; also, that the contribution of communication lies in the dynamization of social actors; finally, that participatory communication approaches make it possible to dynamize the determining social behaviors to achieve social empowerment.

scholarly journals Regulation of Medical Profession and Medical Research

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Al-Bar ◽  
Hassan Chamsi-Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Profession
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