scholarly journals Eggs of tegu lizard, Salvator merianae (Duméril & Bilbron, 1839) (Squamata; Teiidae) damaged by fungal infections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Carvalho ◽  
L. K. H. Souza ◽  
F. S. Ataídes ◽  
A. K. Péres Junior
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Tegu Lizard

Abstract The tegu (Salvator merianae) is the largest lizard found in Brazil and has a wide distribution, occurring in several biomes. The presence of fungi on reptilian eggs initially occurs on infertile eggs, which leads to a subsequent infection in fertile eggs, causing damage and death of embryos. The objective of this study was to identify the fungi that caused lesions in the eggs of tegu in captivity. Swabs were collected on infected and healthy eggshells, in an embryo that died and the substrate of the incubation box. Samples were submitted to saboraund dextrose agar. A total of 93.3% of positive samples were obtained for the fungi Fusarium (11/14), Trichoderma (1/15), Penicilium (1/15), Mucor (1/15), and yeasts of the genus Trichosporon. Therefore, Fusarium was the main agent that caused the lesion and death of embryos in the eggs of the tegu lizard. Sanitary control methods may be taken to avoid fungal infections in the eggs.

Fungal Infections in Birds in Captivity - Six Case Reports

Mycoses ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cutsem ◽  
J. Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Oviposition observation of Tropidodryas serra (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Edelcio Muscat ◽  
Elsie Rotenberg ◽  
Iberê Farina Machado
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Reproductive Events

Tropidodryas serra is an endemic snake from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and despite its wide distribution, little is known about its ecology. Tropidodryas serra is an oviparous snake, but there are few available data on its  reproductive cycle. In this paper, we present the first report of oviposition of T. serra in captivity with successfully hatching. A pregnant female was captured in the area of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Dacnis Project, Ubatuba-SP, southeastern Brazil, and held captive. The spawning of 7 eggs and the development of offspring were observed. The eggs (measuring 4x1.35 cm in average) hatched in 90 days, with 6 healthy neonates and 1 stillborn. Based on a unique successful hatching of T. serra eggs in captivity, the present study confirmed with naturalistic data reproductive characteristics of the species, such as egg laying in December and low number of atresic eggs, corroborating that the species should present few reproductive events and concentrated throughout the rainy season.

scholarly journals GATA2 mutations in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial or fungal infections with unknown immunodeficiency in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Palheiro Mendes de Almeida ◽  
Francianne G. Andrade ◽  
Filipe V. dos Santos-Bueno ◽  
Dayvison F. Saraiva Freitas ◽  
Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and invasive fungal infections (IFI) may be considered opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients with GATA2 haplodeficiency. Sporadic or familial GATA2 mutations are associated with infection susceptibility, autoimmunity, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This work aimed to investigate GATA2 status in patients with NTM and/or IFI with unknown causes for immunodeficiency . Methods A series of incident patients with NTM and/or IFI from the Division of Hematology of the Institute of Infectious Diseases-FIOCRUZ at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018 were subject to GATA2 genotyping. Patients with HIV positivity or other immunodeficiencies were excluded. Results. Twenty-two patients and 9 of their relatives were enrolled. Seventeen patients had IFI, 4 NTM, and one patient present both infections. In 6 patients, the occurrence of malignant disease was found along with this infection, with MDS/AML (n =3) being the most frequent. The pathogenic T354M mutation was found in 4.5% (1/22) of patients and asymptomatic offspring (2/9). We also found the GATA2 polymorphisms rs2335052 and rs369850507 in 18.2% and 4.5%, respectively, and the rs11708606 intronic polymorphisms in 27.3% of cases. Conclusions GATA2 mutations are substantial findings in patients with NTM and/or IFI without known immunosuppression. As it can indicate a primary immunodeficiency and lead to cancers - particularly MDS and AML- the presentation with NTM or IFI should trigger GATA2 mutation testing. The carriers should receive genetic counseling, subsequent infection prevention measures , and surveillance for hematologic malignancies.

Superficial mycosis, at the site or distant to the surgical site, appears to predispose patients to bacterial periprosthetic joint infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110373
Author(s):  
Feitai Lin ◽  
William T Li ◽  
Lorena Fuentes-Rivera ◽  
Javad Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Superficial Mycosis

Background: It is traditionally believed that presence of fungal infection in the nail or skin of patients is a risk factor for subsequent infection. The literature is devoid of any evidence to confirm or refute this belief. This study examined a possible relationship between the presence of superficial skin or nail mycoses and subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective study of patients who underwent primary TJA between 2000 and 2018. 55 patients with superficial mycoses of skin or nail, at the time of arthroplasty were identified and a variable number matching with up to a 1:5 ratio was performed with 182 patients undergoing TJA who had no superficial mycosis. The groups were further divided into knee and hip TJA. The outcome of TJA in the cohorts was compared. Results: Preoperative demographics were similar between the 2 groups. The incidence of PJI in patients undergoing TKA within a year was significantly higher in patients with superficial mycosis at 8.6% (3/35) compared to 0% (0/120) in patients without mycosis. However, all infections were caused by bacterial species and none were fungal. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of superficial mycosis had a strong correlation with development of PJI postoperatively in our TKA cohort. Conclusions: Identification of fungal infection (mycosis) of skin and nail in patients awaiting TJA is important. These patients appear to have a higher risk for developing bacterial PJI than those without fungal infections. Further study is needed to determine if treatment of these patients prior to arthroplasty stands to reverse the high risk for PJI that these patients carry.

scholarly journals Breeding of a Wild Population of South Pacific Bonito Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier 1832) Broodstock under Laboratory Conditions in Pisagua, Northern Chile

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Renzo Pepe-Victoriano ◽  
Héctor Aravena-Ambrosetti ◽  
Germán E. Merino
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
In Captivity

The wild population of South Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis chiliensis, which has a wide distribution in northern Chile, is considered of importance in Chilean aquaculture. The biological feasibility of cultivation of any marine species begins with the establishment of an initial broodstock population to obtain eggs, larvae, and juveniles. In this work, 22 South Pacific bonito fishing campaigns were carried out in Pisagua, Chile, between spring in November 2011 and the summer in January 2012. At least 74 specimens were obtained of which 24 survived the capture and transport processes. Fish were stocked in a recirculating land-based aquaculture system, and at 14 months under captivity, fish began spawning. Eggs were collected, to describe some stages of development, and were placed in incubators at 20 °C and on the third-day eggs hatched. Larvae reached a total length between 1.435 and 1.7 mm, which were accurately characterized during their first morphological changes. This is the first work that describes the capture, transport, and acclimatization in captivity of a breeding population of wild Pacific bonito in Chile.

scholarly journals Notes on the natural history of the Stump-tailed Porcupine, Coendou rufescens (Rodentia, Erethizontidae), in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves ◽  
Cristina Romero-Ríos ◽  
Jose Jaime Henao-Osorio ◽  
Juan Pablo Franco-Herrera ◽  
Bernardo Ramiro Ramírez-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
History Of

Porcupines of the genus Coendou are among the least studied mammals in the Neotropics. The Stump-tailed Porcupine, Coendou rufescens, is distributed in the Andean region from Colombia and south to Bolivia. Despite its wide distribution, nothing is known about its natural history, besides observation of banana consumption in captivity. Here we present new observations on the feeding habits, diurnal activity, and the use of the tail for support during feeding obtained by means of collaborative (citizen) science. We also comment on its locomotion on land and in trees. We observed five diurnal events of C. rufescens feeding on infructescences of trumpet tree (Cecropia angustifolia Trécul). During the feeding activities, the Stump-tailed Porcupine used the tail for stability and support. These are the first observations of such behavior in the wild for this species and suggest a more diurnal activity for this species which belongs to a group of rodents traditionally considered to be predominantly nocturnal.

scholarly journals Reproductive behavior and development in Spilotes sulphureus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Jorge H. Valencia ◽  
Katty Garzon-Tello
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Antipredator Strategies ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Dark Green

Reproductive behavior and development in Spilotes sulphureus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Ecuador. The Birdsnake Spilotes sulphureus is a large-sized species that occurs from the Amazon region to the Atlantic forest of South America. Despite the wide distribution little is known about its natural history. Here we report, for the frst time, reproductive behavior displayed by this species observed in a pair of Ecuadorian specimens in captivity. A ritualized pre-copulatory behavior followed a colubrine pattern similar to the congeneric species Spilotes pullatus. The repertoire included chin-rubbing, continuous tongue ficking, head raising, body jerking, cloacal gaping, and partial mounting. Oviposition occurred 86–98 days after of the frst copulation. Females lay clutches of 7–14 eggs. Juvenile coloration is remarkably different from adults. Newborns have a dorsum with transverse brown or gray bands, and white or pale gray interspaces; young of 1–2 years have green bands and yellow-green interspaces; adults have dark green bands. Ontogenetic color changes are presumably associated with antipredator strategies, change in size, vulnerability or habitat and microhabitat selection.

scholarly journals Cutaneous mycobiota of boid snakes kept in captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099
Author(s):  
B.C. Freire ◽  
V.C. Garcia ◽  
A.E. Quadrini ◽  
H.D.L. Bentubo
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Constrictor Constrictor ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Fungal Genus

ABSTRACT Boids are large, constrictor snakes that feed mostly on mammals, reptiles, and birds. These animals are commonly raised as pets, and their improper handling can favor the emergence of fungal infections, which can lead to dermatological diseases that are undiagnosed in nature. Here, we isolate and identify the filamentous fungi that compose the mycobiota of the scales of boid snakes kept in captivity at the Biological Museum of the Butantan Institute. Thirty individuals of four species were evaluated: four Eunectes murinus, twelve Boa constrictor constrictor, seven Corallus hortulanus, and seven Epicrates crassus. Microbiological samples were collected by rubbing small square carpets on the snake scales. We isolated five genera of fungi: Penicillium sp. (30%), Aspergillus sp. (25%), Mucor sp. (25%), Acremonium sp. (10%), and Scopulariopsis sp. (10%). Approximately half of the snakes evaluated had filamentous fungi on the scales, but only 12% of the individuals were colonized by more than one fungal genus. We found no dermatophytes in the evaluated species. Our results provide an overview of the fungal mycobiota of the population of boids kept in the Biological Museum, allowing the identification of possible pathogens.

Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Gunter F. Thomas ◽  
M. David Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

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