scholarly journals Behavior and development of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and physiological stress in genetically modified cotton expressing Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Valadares ◽  
M. A. Soares ◽  
E. A. Ferreira ◽  
V. G. Mendes-Sá ◽  
A. M. Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Genetically Modified Cotton ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Genetically modified plants are one of the tactics used in integrated pest management - IPM. There is great concern about the impact of these plants on non-target organisms. On the other hand, there is little information in the literature on the effects of transgenics (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bt on populations of phytophagous mites, and the physiological responses that this attack promotes on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biology of the T. ludeni mite in Bt cotton, expressing the Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins. To evaluate the behavior of food and oviposition preference of the T. ludeni with Bt cotton and isohybrid. Verify if the physiological stress caused by T. ludeni’s attack is differentiated in Bt cotton. The mites were reared in Bt cotton and isohybrid, in a total of 40 replicates in the completely randomized design and the biological cycle was evaluated. The food preference and oviposition analysis were done with 10 replicates, with choice. The physiological stress was evaluated through chlorophyll fluorescence, under greenhouse conditions. The data of the T. ludeni biology were analyzed by Student's t-test, for food and oviposition preference the chi-square test was performed. Regression models were fitted for the fluorescence parameters. The model identity test was used to evaluate the differences between Bt and isohybrid treatments. Cry1F and Cry1Ac proteins have not affected the biology of T. ludeni. The photosynthetic parameters in Bt cotton plants were less influenced by T. ludeni infestation.

Qualitative and Quantitative PCR-Based Detection Methods for Authorized Genetically Modified Cotton Events in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Chhabra ◽  
Gurinder Jit Randhawa ◽  
Rajesh K Bhoge ◽  
Monika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Genetically Modified Cotton ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Endogenous Reference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Qualitative diagnostics for all five commercialized genetically modified (GM) cotton events for insect resistance in India is being reported for the first time in this paper. The cost-effective and robust multiplex PCR (MPCR)-based detection assay, distinguishing the insect resistant transgenic Bt cotton events, viz., MON531, MON15985, Event 1, GFM-cry1A, and MLS-9124, has been developed. This decaplex PCR assay targets nine transgenic elements, viz., sequences of four transgenes, three transgene constructs, and two event-specific sequences along with one endogenous reference gene. The LOD of the qualitative MPCR assay was up to 0.1%. A quantitative detection method for four widely commercially cultivated GM cotton events, namely, MON531, MON15985, Event 1, and GFM-cry1A, covering 99.5% of the total area under GM cultivation in the country, is also reported. A construct-specific real-time PCR assay has been developed for quantification of these GM cotton events with LOQ <0.05% and LOD <0.025%. The developed assays will be of great use to screen for the presence/absence of authorized GM cotton events in unknown samples and to check the authenticity of GM cotton seed samples.

scholarly journals Does a previous surgical experience interfere on psychic stress in patients submitted to major surgery?

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 043-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ronaldo Alberti ◽  
Márcia Rodrigues Daian ◽  
Andy Petroianu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Postoperative Stress ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of stress in patients undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia, relating their physical and psychic reactions to the different stages of stress. METHODS: we studied 100 adult patients of both genders, who were divided into two groups: Group 1 - 22 patients without experience with surgery; Group 2 - 78 patients previously submitted to medium and major surgery. To investigate the stress, we used the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, developed by Lipp, the day before the procedure and two days and seven days after the operation. The comparison of groups with respect to gender, pain, and percentage of stress were performed using the Chi-square test, and for the age variable the Student's t test was used. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS: the groups were not homogeneous as for the overall percentage of stress on the three measurements. G1 had decreased postoperative stress, whilst in G2 it increased. Psychological symptoms of stress prevailed in both groups. CONCLUSION: previous surgery reduced preoperative stress but did not affect postoperative emotional disorders.

Admitting Service and Outcome for Small Bowel Obstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110540
Author(s):  
Christopher Thacker ◽  
Claire Lauer ◽  
Kathleen Nealon ◽  
Charles Walker ◽  
Matthew Factor
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common admission diagnosis. Prior research has shown improved length of stay and time to operation for SBO patients on surgical services (SS) compared to medical services (MS). This study evaluates the impact of admitting service on readmission and mortality. Methods A 12-year retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years old, admitted with SBO to either a MS or SS within one health care system was performed. Clinicodemographic characteristics and admission details were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses performed included the Student’s t-test, chi-square, and multivariable regression. Results The study included 7921 patients, of which 3862 (48.8%) were admitted to a SS. No significant clinicodemographic differences existed between the groups except SS patients were more likely to have cancer (23.3% vs 15.2%, P < .0001) and to be within a 30-day post-operative period (9.4% vs 1.8%, P < .0001). On multivariable analysis, admission to a SS was associated with a decreased admission mortality (OR .70), 30-day mortality (OR .42), and 180-day mortality (OR .42). 30-day readmissions (OR .54) and 180-day readmission (OR .43) were also significantly decreased for SS patients. In patients requiring a procedure during admission, there was significantly decreased admission mortality (OR .684), 30-day mortality (OR .470), 180-day mortality (OR .431), 30-day readmission (OR .63), and 180-day readmission (OR .50). Conclusion In patients with SBO, admission to a SS confers decreased odds of readmission and mortality compared to MS. Future studies are needed to understand the management decisions potentially underlying these differences. These findings may help better define admission pathways and improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of intensive training in improving older women's knowledge and support for infant vaccination in Nigerian urban slums: a before-and-after intervention study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folusho Mubowale Balogun ◽  
Olayinka Samson Bamidele ◽  
Eniola Adetola Bamgboye
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Participatory Learning ◽  
Infant Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background One of the strategies for improving vaccination uptake is to make communities understand the importance of immunization and this is expected to drive the demand for vaccines. Building the capacity of older women who supervise child care in Africa may improve infant vaccination in underserved communities. This study determined the impact of training of older women on their knowledge and support for infant vaccination in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods This was a before-and-after study that enrolled women aged ≥35 years. They were trained with a manual and short video using participatory learning methods over an 8 month period. The content of their training includes importance of immunization timeliness and completion, how vaccines work and how to be advocates and supporters of infant vaccination. Their knowledge and support for infant vaccination at baseline were compared with post training values using Student’s t test and Chi square test with the level of significance set at 5%. Results There were 109 women with mean age 55.8 ± 11.6. they had a mean of 5.7 ± 2.1 training sessions. At the end of the training, their knowledge about infant vaccination and the support they give to it increased from 4.8 ± 3.8 to 10.7 ± 0.6, and 3.1 ± 3.5 to 8.1 ± 1.7 respectively. Those with good knowledge about infant vaccination increased significantly from 37(33.9%) to 82(82.8%), while those with good support for the same increased from 31(28.4%) to 85(85.9%). Women who were ≤ 64 years significantly had improved knowledge after the training compared to the older ones. Those with post secondary education had better knowledge and greater support for infant vaccination at baseline. However, there was no difference in the knowledge and support for infant vaccination among the women across the different educational levels after the training. Conclusions Participatory learning improved the knowledge about, and support for infant vaccination among older women supervising child care in these urban slum communities. Similar training may be extended to comparable settings in order to improve demand for infant vaccination.

scholarly journals Shorter Length of Gonadotropin Stimulation is Associated with Adverse IV F outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Oocyte Yield ◽  
Gonadotropin Stimulation ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Hcg Trigger

Background: The impact of the length of gonadotropin stimulation (LOS) on IVF outcome has been studied by several groups. Results so far have been conflicting. The primary aim was to evaluate the impact of LOS on pregnancy rates and oocyte yield. Secondary outcomes included comparison of outcome based on LOS separately in gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (GnRH-a) and antagonist (GnRH-ant) cycles. Methods: Retrospective review of IVF cycles managed by a single provider in a private clinic. Data was collected for demographic, stimulation, embryology and clinical outcome parameters. Oocyte yield (the ability to obtain an oocyte from a proper sized follicle) was calculated for each cycle (number of oocytes retrieved/ follicles >14 mm at last scan). LOS was divided into short (≤8 days), normal (9-12 days), and prolonged (≥13 days). Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-Square tests were used. Results: Outcome based on 295 IVF cycles (GnRH-a: 94 and GnRH-ant: 201) were analyzed. Overall pregnancy rate (PR) was 36.3%. Age, ovarian reserve, number of available and transferred embryos didn’t differ in the three groups. Shorter cycles compared unfavorably to normal and prolonged stimulations regarding oocyte yield (1.2 vs 1.5 vs 1.9, P<0.05) and PR (17.6% vs 40.9% vs 28.7%, P<0.05). Oocyte yield was significantly lower in cycles ≤8 days in both the GnRH-a and GnRH-ant groups when compared to longer stimulation. Conclusions: Quicker response to gonadotropin stimulation may suggest diminished ovarian reserve but could indicate inadequate time for oocyte/ endometrial maturation to occur. LOS should be considered prior to hCG trigger administration.

scholarly journals Impacto del método “Instrucción por pares” con el apoyo de “clickers” en el aprendizaje de Matemáticas Básicas / Impact ot the “Peer Instruction Method” supported by “Clickers” on Basic Maths Learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Enrique Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Peer Instruction ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Good Learning ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis study was intended to promote greater interaction between students and focusing your attention on the under-lying concepts studied in the course basic math, in exchangefor the material in sequence presented in textbooks and class notes. The study was conducted during the first half of 2012 (2012-10) and the 2012 summer period (2012 20), through a process of joint research quantitatively and qualitatively. The number of students treated in 2012 (10) was 249 and 10in the summer period. Of the 249 randomly took a course of 37 students which was a pretest at the start of the course without having received treatment. In the last week, was applied a posttestwhen the student had received the Peer Instruction Meth-od. Equal treatment is made with the summer course. The samples came from normal distributions, which found using the Shapiro-Wilk and Chi square statistical. Found significant differences between the averages of the posttest and pretest in both courses, for which was applied a test for paired as a study before and after samples student's t. For the Group of 37 students t = 5.87212 with p = 0.0000296539 < 0.05. The Group of 10 students t = 4.39678 with p = 0.00172844 < 0.05. The confidence level was of 95%. Surveys were conducted to measure the impact qualitatively, Likert type to all students, in which stood a high favorability (more than 80%) of the method in terms of more dynamic classes, greater motivation, good learning environment, greater participation, sufficient time to answer questions and improvement in learning.RESUMENEste estudio tuvo como propósito promover una mayor interacción entre los estudiantes y enfocar su atención en los conceptos subyacentes estudiados en la asignatura Matemáticas Básicas, a cambio de presentar el material en secuencia como en los libros de textos y las notas de clase. El estudio se realizó durante el primer semestre del 2012 (2012 10) y el periodo intersemestral del 2012 (2012 20), mediante un proceso de investigación mixta cuantitativa y cualitativamente. El número de estudiantes tratado en 2012 (10) fue de 249 y en el intersemestral de 10. De los 249 se tomó aleatoriamente un curso de 37 estudiantes a los que se les aplicó un pre test al inicio del curso sin haber recibido el tratamiento del método y en la última semana, se aplicó un post test. Igual tratamiento se hizo con el curso intersemestral. Las muestras provinieron de distribuciones normales, lo que se comprobó usando los estadísticos Chi Cuadrado y Shapiro-Wilk. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las medias de los post test y pre test, en ambos cursos, para lo cual se aplicó una prueba t de student para muestras pareadas, por ser un estudio antes y después. Para el grupo de 37 estudiantes t = 5.87212 con un p = 0.0000296539 < 0.05. En el grupo de 10 estudiantes t = 4.39678 con un p = 0.00172844 < 0.05. En ambos casos a un nivel de confiabilidad de 95%. Para medir el impacto cualitativamente, se realizaron encuestas tipo Likert a la totalidad de estu-diantes, en las que se destacaron una alta favorabilidad (más del 80%) del método en cuanto a clases más dinámicas, mayor motivación, buen ambiente de aprendizaje, mayor participación, tiempo suficiente para responder las preguntas y mejora-miento en el aprendizaje.

scholarly journals Quality and Value-Focused Decision Making in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: The Impact of the American Society of Hematology's Choosing Wisely Initiative

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2342-2342
Author(s):  
Anmol Baranwal ◽  
Sindhu Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Pretest Probability ◽  
Choosing Wisely ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
4T Score

Abstract Introduction: For patients admitted to hospital, the use of heparin and its analogs is very common. Heparin administration can result in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Development of HIT is independent of the dose of heparin administration. Presence of HIT is determined by platelet antibody assays and confirmed by serotonin release assay. However, hospitalized patients have many comorbidities and are on several medications, both of which may be responsible for thrombocytopenia. The 4T scoring system was developed in 2006 to determine the pretest probability of HIT. Scores of 0-3, 4-5, and 6-8 are considered to correspond to a low, intermediate, and high probability of HIT, respectively. The 4T score was validated by a meta-analysis published in 2012 which reported that the negative predictive value of a low 4T score is close to 100% (Blood 2012;120(20):4160-4167). Inappropriate testing for thrombocytopenia can lead to inadvertent use of the platelet factor 4 assays, halting heparin administration unnecessarily and the over-treatment of patients with alternative anticoagulants. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) highlighted this in its 2014 Choosing Wisely guidelines (Blood 2014;124(24):3524-3528). The Choosing Wisely recommendations include using the 4T scoring system to assess the pretest probability of HIT. ASH recommends against testing and treating patients who have low pretest probability of HIT. We wanted to assess the impact of ASH Choosing Wisely recommendations on the appropriateness of checking for HIT. Methods: All the patients, admitted between January 2013 to March 2016, who had a HIT test done (CPT code 86022), were extracted from the hospital database. Of these patients, 140 were randomly selected before and after the publication of ASH Choosing Wisely guidelines. The immediately previous platelet count before ordering a HIT test was used to calculate the platelet nadir. The percentage in platelet count fall was determined by the difference between the immediately previous platelet count before ordering HIT test and the maximum platelet count documented on current admission. Timing of platelet count fall was determined as the number of days from HIT testing ordered to when patient received the first dose of heparin, or from the date of the immediately previous platelet count before ordering HIT test to the maximum platelet count, whichever is less. Patients were considered to have suspected thrombosis if an ultrasound doppler lower extremity or CT chest was ordered, but the results were not available at the time of ordering the HIT test. 4T scores were calculated for the first HIT test ordered to determine if the patients were a low-risk or intermediate- to high-risk for HIT. We did a chi-square test without Yate's correction to check if there has been a proportionate increase in HIT testing for patients with 4T score greater than 3, after the Choosing Wisely recommendations were published in 2014. Student's t-test was used to determine if there has been a decrease in the number of HIT tests ordered per patient after the release of Choosing Wisely guidelines. Patients who were not fit to be calculated for 4T score were excluded. Results: A total of 280 patient charts were reviewed. 23 patients were excluded as they received recent heparin and had platelet count fall within less than 4 days. Of the 129 patients admitted in 2013-2014, 31 (24%) were considered high/intermediate risk 4T score category. Of the 128 patients admitted from January 2015 to March 2016, 26 (20.3%) were considered high/intermediate risk 4T score category. The chi-square test did not show any difference between the two groups (chi-score 0.515 with 1 degrees of freedom, P = 0.47). However, the Student's t-test showed that the number of HIT tests ordered per patient declined significantly after the release of the Choosing Wisely guidelines (t = 2.09, P = 0.038). Conclusions: Physician adherence to 4T scoring system has not yet changed after the release of ASH Choosing Wisely guidelines. However, repeated testing for HIT has declined significantly after the guideline release. More efforts need to be taken to improve the quality of care in this population. Disclosures Baranwal: MacNeal Hospital: Employment.

scholarly journals 60. The Impact of AEDs on Cardiac Survival in an Urban Out-of-Hospital Setting

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S45-S45
Author(s):  
Harinder S. Dhindsa ◽  
Dennis Fitzgerald ◽  
David Milzman ◽  
Robert R. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽  
External Defibrillator

Introduction: Prior studies have documented less than 3% survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) in D.C. EMS intubation has failed to improve extremely poor survival rates for out of hospital CA. This study will investigate whether the addition of automatic external defibrillator (AED) use will improve the negligible survival rate experienced in a system that transports 80,000 pts/yr; Thus replicating success with AED for CA in other centers.Methods: Retrospective review of all CA data from D.C. EMS system from 1-12/91 (no AED) vs. 1-12/93 (AED in use). Supporting data from run sheets and hospital records was compared for years with and without the AED using student's t test, chi-square with p <0.05.Results: In 1991 there were 414 out of hospital CAs arrests with an overall survival rate of 2.3% with a mean EMS arrival time of 10 minutes. There were no significant differences with respect to CA patients’ age, bystander CPR or BLS/ALS response times between two years (1991 and 1993) p = NS. In VF patients who comprised 26% and 24% of presenting rhythms for ’91 and ’93 respectively, the use of AEDs improved survival 3.8% vs. 29% with AEDs in ’93 (p <0.05). There was no difference in percentage of non-VF presenting rhythms or patient outcomes between the two groups.

scholarly journals Elevated Airway Eosinophils is Associated with Lower Airway Haemophilus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyvian C. Borse ◽  
Sydney E. Ross, MS ◽  
Alexis A. McEntire, BS ◽  
James Slaven, MS ◽  
Kirsten M. Kloepfer, MD MS
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Airway Microbiome ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Background and Hypothesis: Early wheezing and persistent cough in young children can be a first indication of asthma. Studies show that infants later diagnosed with asthma commonly exhibit airway microbiome dysbiosis particularly with pathogenic bacteria. Two such bacteria, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, can stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5. Because IL-5 can signal eosinophil production, we hypothesize children with asthma and positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture will have elevated BALF eosinophils.  Project Methods: Children undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy in the Riley Hospital outpatient center were recruited. Chart review was conducted to examine associations between BALF culture, BALF differential cytology, diagnoses, antibiotic history, and demographic data from biobank participants. Exclusion criteria included: diagnosis of cystic fibrosis or pulmonary ciliary dyskinesia; BALF culture not performed; and/or hypocellular sample. Statistical analyses included Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Chi-Square tests (verified with Fisher’s Exact tests).  Results: 94 samples were analyzed (37% female, age: 1mos – 17 yrs). BALF was positive for the following bacteria: M. catarrhalis (26%), H. influenzae (28%), S. pneumoniae (27%), and S. aureus (17%). Haemophilus in BALF was associated with elevated eosinophils (p = .03) and neutrophils (p = .04) and decreased macrophages (p = .001). Asthma diagnosis and prior antibiotic use were not significantly associated with positive BALF culture.  Conclusion and Potential Impact: Haemophilus was associated with elevated eosinophils in the airway. The impact of this observation remains unclear. Further research is necessary to determine pathways that lead to these observed changes within the airway.

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