scholarly journals Exogenous application of bio-stimulant and growth retardant improved the productivity of cotton cultivars under different planting arrangement

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arif ◽  
N. Hussain ◽  
A. Yasmeen ◽  
S. Naz ◽  
A. Anwar ◽  
...  

Abstract Optimum planting arrangement is an important attribute for efficient utilization of available resources and to obtain high yield of cotton. Application of plant growth promoter and retardant on cotton in improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. Therefore, we planned a field study to assess the role of bio-stimulant and growth retardant in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars planted under variable row spacing at Agronomic Research Area Bahauddin Zakariya University and Usmania Agricultural Farm Shujabad during Kharif 2012. Experimental treatments consisted of cotton genotypes viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) with foliar spray of bio-stimulant (moringa leaf extract) and growth retardant (mepiquate chloride), either sole or in combination, keeping distilled water as a control. Exogenously applied MLE alone and MLE + MC significantly enhanced the number of squares, flowers and green bolls per plant leading to higher cotton seed and lint yield of CIM 598 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. While application of MC alone and MLE + MC produced maximum micronaire value, fiber strength and fiber uniformity ratio of CIM 573 cultivar cultivated under conventional row spacing. The results suggested that application of MLE is a possible approach to enhance the cotton productivity and the use of MC to enhance the fiber quality attributes under conventional row spacing.

Author(s):  
N. Hussain ◽  
A. Anwar ◽  
A. Yasmeen ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
S. Naz ◽  
...  

Abstract Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
. HASNAM ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
FITRINTNGDYAH TRI KADARWATI ◽  
PRIMA D. RIAJAYA

<p>Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.</p><p>Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9</strong></p><p>The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.</p><p>Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.</p>


Author(s):  
O. Tkach

Obtaining a high yield of root chicory is determined by the optimal density of plants and their uniform distribution on the field, in this regard, the study of the method of growing root chicory is an important research area in modern agricultural science and is the study goal. Phenological observations, biometric studies were carried out according to the methods of Mosesychenko, M. F. Trifonova, A. Kh Zaviryukha. The material of the investigations was the soil of the experimental field – podzolic chernozem , medium loamy in forest-like loam. Root chicory plants were used as objects of research. The studies were conducted at the experimental field of the Khmelnitsky State Agricultural Experimental Stations of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS during 2010–2014. The proposed energy-saving method for growing chicory root crops with a combined row spacing provides yield increase of chicory root crops, due to the fact that the placement of sowing after optimal predecessors, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, sowing according to the established scheme by alternating the main and technological row spacing is carried out in accordance with the width of the sowing unit, which provides the optimal nutritional area of each plant close to the square with the corresponding sheniem parties established by a formula taking into account the need to make optimum density of plants per unit area (hectare) at the beginning of the collection, thus improving the productivity of root crops to 5-6 tons per hectare; mechanized crop care with a combined row spacing according to the established rational scheme of movement of the undercarriage of the unit along the main and technological row spacing allowed to reduce damage to plants by the energy tool undercarriage and increase the productivity of the unit by 15-20%; harvesting tops and root crops in a continuous way with a rational grip width of harvesting aggregates with a combined row spacing allowed to reduce losses of root crops by 1.5-2.0 times. The technological result consists in the fact that sowing, mechanized care of crops and harvesting is carried out by sending the running gear of energy resources along the technological, “M” aisles, and the machine wheels along the main “m” aisles.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Raza ◽  
Dao-Wu Hu ◽  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Hongge Li ◽  
Shou-Pu He ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection of elite lines for resistance to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeder are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fiber quality and high-yield. The research for hardness and its relation with fiber quality and yield were very few. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton. Results Experiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture, and compression properties of the stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness was highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL, and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield-related traits. Statistical analyses of the results showed that bending (BL, BU) has a maximum coefficient of variance and trait fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigenvalues >1 explained 86% of the variation among 237 accessions of the cotton crop. Both 2017& 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE, and LI variables contributed their variability in PC1 and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP, and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2. Conclusion We describe here, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture, and compression properties of Gossypium hirsutum crop.


2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Shun YANG ◽  
Hui-Yuan GAO ◽  
Peng LIU ◽  
Geng LI ◽  
Shu-Ting DONG ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Raza ◽  
Dao-Wu Hu ◽  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Hongge Li ◽  
Shou-Pu He ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection elite lines for resistant to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeder are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fibre quality and high- yield. The research for hardness and its relation with fiber quality and yield were very few. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton. Results Experiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture and compression properties of stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness were highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield related traits. In descriptive statistics result bending (BL, BU) have maximum coefficient of variance and trait fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigen values >1 explained 0.86% of variation among 237 accessions of cotton crop. Both 2017& 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE and LI variables contributed their variability in PC1 and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2. Conclusion We describe here, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture and compression properties of Gossypium hirsutum crop.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum RAZA ◽  
Daowu HU ◽  
Adeel AHMAD ◽  
Hongge LI ◽  
Shoupu HE ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection of elite lines for resistance to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeders are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fiber quality and high-yield. Few pieces of research for hardness and its relationship with fiber quality and yield were found. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton. Results Experiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture, and compression properties of the stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness was highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL, and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield-related traits. Statistical analyses of the results showed that in descriptive statistics result bending (BL, BU) has a maximum coefficient of variance, but fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) trimmed quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 86% of the variation among 237 accessions of cotton. Both 2017 and 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE, and LI contributed to their variability in PC1, and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP, and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2. Conclusion We describe here the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture, and compression properties of G. hirsutum.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Ishaq ◽  
Sana Munir ◽  
Munazza Abbas ◽  
Ahmad Naeem Shehzad ◽  
...  

Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops, grown all over the world. Genetic variability is a crucial factor from evolutionary point of view for crop species. It defines the adaptation of populations by allowing them to alter their genetic constitution in changing environment. Genetic variability in Gossypium hirsutum is declining due to selection pressure, hence causing low yield. Present study was conducted to evaluate ten parental genotypes with their F2 generations to uncover their genetic potential for yield by accessing genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association between fiber, yield and yield linked traits. High values of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance were observed for node of first fruiting branch, monopodia per plant, boll weight, fiber strength and yield per plant. All morphological and fiber quality traits represented broad sense heritability ranging from 51% to 90%. High value of genetic advance was shown by plant height and yield per plant. Positive association of yield per plant was recorded for traits such as plant height, node of first fruiting branch, monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, seeds per boll, and ginning out turn. Additionally, F2 progeny of CIM-534×MNH-814 had high yield per plant along with maximum number of bolls per plant and seed per boll. So, such F2 progeny can further be explored to improve yield and yield contributing traits.


Author(s):  
Negasu Gamachu Dinsa ◽  
Kassahun Desalegn Yalew

Background: The advantage of intercropping is the more efficient utilization of the all available resources and the increased productivity compared with each sole crop of the mixture. If cowpea and Lablab intercropping with Napier grass its nutritional values was improved. Methods: The experimental design was factorial combination arrangement in randomized complete block design with three inter and intra spaces (1 m × 0.5 m, 0.75 m × 0.5 m, 0.5 m × 0.5 m) and intercropping with two tropical legumes. Treatments were T1= Pure Napier grass at 1 m row spacing, T2= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 0.75 m row spacing, T3= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 0.5 m row spacing, T4= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 1 m row spacing, T5= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 0.5 m row spacing, T6= Pure Napier grass at 0.75 m row spacing, T7= Napier grass intercropped with lablab at 1 m row spacing, T8= Napier grass intercropped with cowpea at 0.75 m row spacing, T9= Pure Napier grass at 0.5 m row spacing and totally nine treatments were used. Soil samples were collected before and after forage harvested. Result: Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at different planting densities had significant effect (P less than 0.05) on the in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD, IVOMD) and increased digestibility. The OM degradation constant was significantly different (P less than 0.05) but ‘ED’ was not and for DM degradation ‘c’ and ‘b’ were non-significant (P greater than 0.05) for Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at different planting densities. In conclusion, Napier grass intercropped with lablab and cowpea at a planting density of 24 plants m-2 was better choice for high yield and forage quality.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Cailong Xu ◽  
Ruidong Li ◽  
Wenwen Song ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  

Increasing planting density is one of the key management practices to enhance soybean yield. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 including six planting densities and two soybean cultivars to determine the effects of planting density on branch number and yield, and analyze the contribution of branches to yield. The yield of ZZXA12938 was 4389 kg ha−1, which was significantly higher than that of ZH13 (+22.4%). In combination with planting year and cultivar, the soybean yield increased significantly by 16.2%, 31.4%, 41.4%, and 46.7% for every increase in density of 45,000 plants ha−1. Yield will not increase when planting density exceeds 315,000 plants ha−1. A correlation analysis showed that pod number per plant increased with the increased branch number, while pod number per unit area decreased; thus, soybean yield decreased. With the increase of branch number, the branch contribution to yield increased first, and then plateaued. ZH13 could produce a high yield under a lower planting density due to more branches, while ZZXA12938 had a higher yield potential under a higher planting density due to the smaller branch number and higher tolerance to close planting. Therefore, seed yield can be increased by selecting cultivars with a little branching capacity under moderately close planting.


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