Recent progress in magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous materials for enzyme immobilization: an update

Abstract Enzymes immobilized onto substrates with excellent selectivity and activity show a high stability and can withstand extreme experimental conditions, and their performance has been shown to be retained after repeated uses. Applications of immobilized enzymes in various fields benefit from their unique characteristics. Common methods, including adsorption, encapsulation, covalent attachment and crosslinking, and other emerging approaches (e.g., MOFs) of enzyme immobilization have been developed mostly in recent years. In accordance with these immobilization methods, the present review elaborates the application of magnetic separable nanoparticles and functionalized SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous materials used in the immobilization of enzymes.

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Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials for Biosensor and Biocatalyst in Food and Biomedical Industry

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190712181403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (24) ◽

pp. 2661-2676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sundaresan Bhavaniramya ◽

Ramar Vanajothi ◽

Selvaraju Vishnupriya ◽

Kumpati Premkumar ◽

Mohammad S. Al-Aboody ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Food Industry ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Immobilized Enzymes ◽

Food Industries ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Different Types ◽

Simple Processing ◽

Biomedical Industry

Enzymes exhibit a great catalytic activity for several physiological processes. Utilization of immobilized enzymes has a great potential in several food industries due to their excellent functional properties, simple processing and cost effectiveness during the past decades. Though they have several applications, they still exhibit some challenges. To overcome the challenges, nanoparticles with their unique physicochemical properties act as very attractive carriers for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme immobilization method is not only widely used in the food industry but is also a component methodology in the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to the free enzymes, immobilized forms are more robust and resistant to environmental changes. In this method, the mobility of enzymes is artificially restricted to changing their structure and properties. Due to their sensitive nature, the classical immobilization methods are still limited as a result of the reduction of enzyme activity. In order to improve the enzyme activity and their properties, nanomaterials are used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization. Recently, much attention has been directed towards the research on the potentiality of the immobilized enzymes in the food industry. Hence, the present review emphasizes the different types of immobilization methods that is presently used in the food industry and other applications. Various types of nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanoflowers and magnetic nanoparticles are significantly used as a support material in the immobilization methods. However, several numbers of immobilized enzymes are used in the food industries to improve the processing methods which not only reduce the production cost but also the effluents from the industry.

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Functionalized Materials as a Versatile Platform for Enzyme Immobilization in Wastewater Treatment

Current Pollution Reports ◽

10.1007/s40726-021-00193-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Kołodziejczak-Radzimska ◽

Long D. Nghiem ◽

Teofil Jesionowski

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Immobilized Enzymes ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Water Pollutants ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Functionalized Materials

Abstract Purpose of Review Untreated wastewater discharge can significantly and negatively impact the state of the environment. Rapid industrialization and economic development have directly contributed to land and water pollution resulting from the application of many chemicals such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and industrial reagents. The removal of these chemicals before effluent discharge is crucial for environmental protection. This review aims to explore the importance of functionalized materials in the preparation of biocatalytic systems and consider their application in eliminating water pollutants. Recent Findings Wastewater treatment methods can be classified into three groups: (i) chemical (e.g., chemical oxidation and ozonation), (ii) physical (e.g., membrane separation and ion exchange), and (iii) biological processes. Biological treatment is the most widely used method due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In particular, the use of immobilized enzymes has recently become more attractive as a result of scientific progress in advanced material synthesis. The selection of an appropriate support plays an important role in the preparation of such biologically active systems. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of various materials for enzyme immobilization in the purification of water. Summary This review identifies and discusses different biocatalytic systems used in the enzymatic degradation of various water pollutants. Materials functionalized by specific groups can serve as good support matrices for enzyme immobilization, providing chemical and thermal stability to support catalytic reactions. Enzymatic biocatalysis converts the pollutants into simpler products, which are usually less toxic than their parents. Due to immobilization, the enzyme can be used over multiple cycles to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment. Future studies in this field should focus on developing new platforms for enzyme immobilization in order to improve degradation efficiency.

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Recent progress of mesoporous materials for high performance supercapacitors

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 314 ◽

pp. 110870

Author(s):

Yanyan Fang ◽

Qianyu Zhang ◽

Lifeng Cui

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Materials ◽

High Performance ◽

Recent Progress

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Recent progress in the design and synthesis of zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks (ZMOFs)

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/d0dt04338a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyao Liu ◽

Yunling Liu

Keyword(s):

Building Block ◽

High Stability ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Excellent Performance ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Molecular Building Block ◽

Secondary Building Units ◽

Metal Organic

ZMOFs are a subset of MOFs that exhibit zeolite-like topologies. Using molecular building block strategy, many ZMOFs with high stability and excellent performance can be rationally designed and synthesized using different secondary building units.

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Protein Immobilization in Metal–Organic Frameworks by Covalent Binding

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch14104 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 1629 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Xuan Wang ◽

Trevor A. Makal ◽

Hong-Cai Zhou

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Active Site ◽

Covalent Binding ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Protein Immobilization ◽

Immobilization Of Enzymes ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Biological Catalysis

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), possessing a well defined system of pores, demonstrate extensive potential serving as a platform in biological catalysis. Successful immobilization of enzymes in a MOF system retains the enzymatic activity, renders the active site more accessible to the substrate, and promises recyclability for reuse, and solvent adaptability in a broad range of working conditions. This highlight describes enzyme immobilization on MOFs via covalent binding and its significance.

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Immobilization of enzymes in mesoporous materials: controlling the entrance to nanospace

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.05.004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Jie Lei ◽

Jie Fan ◽

Chengzhong Yu ◽

Luyan Zhang ◽

Shiyi Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Materials ◽

Immobilization Of Enzymes

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Breathable Materials for Triboelectric Effect-Based Wearable Electronics

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2485 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Congju Li ◽

Ran Cao ◽

Xiuling Zhang

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Dielectric Materials ◽

Wearable Devices ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Practical Application ◽

Metal Mesh ◽

Frictional Materials ◽

Nanofiber Membranes ◽

Materials Used ◽

Triboelectric Effect

Wearable electronics are believed to be the future of the next-generation electric devices. However, the comfort of current wearable devices is greatly limited due to the use of airtight materials, which may even lead to inflammation of the skin. Therefore, breathable, skin-friendly materials, are highly desired for wearable devices. Here, the recent progress of the breathable materials used to fabricate skin-friendly electronics is reviewed by taking triboelectric effect-based wearable electronics as a typical example. Fibers, yarns, textiles, and nanofiber membranes are the most popular dielectric materials that serve as frictional materials. Metal mesh, silver yarn, and conductive networks made up of nanomaterial are preferred as air-permissive electrodes. The breathable materials for skin-friendly wearable electronics summarized in this review provide valuable references for future fabrication of humanized wearable devices and hold great significance for the practical application of wearable devices.

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Effect of the support and experimental conditions in the intensity of the multipoint covalent attachment of proteins on glyoxyl-agarose supports: Correlation between enzyme–support linkages and thermal stability

Enzyme and Microbial Technology ◽

10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1160-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Justo Pedroche ◽

Maria del Mar Yust ◽

Cesar Mateo ◽

Roberto Fernández-Lafuente ◽

Julio Girón-Calle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Covalent Attachment ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Multipoint Covalent Attachment ◽

Effect Of The Support

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Moving into Nanotechnology Roles to Mimic and Boost Enzyme Activity

Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology - Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5237-6.ch019 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 421-440

Author(s):

Maria Laura Soriano

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Catalytic Activity ◽

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Mesoporous Materials ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Artificial Enzymes ◽

Catalytic Nanoparticles ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

By Products ◽

Insight Into

A new tendency toward the design of artificial enzymes based on nanostructures (nanodots, nanofibers, mesoporous materials) has emerged. On one hand, nanotechnology bestows self-catalytic nanoparticles with a specific activity to achieve efficient reactions with low number of by-products. On other hand, the nanoparticles may behave as nanometric scaffolds for hosting enzymes, promoting their catalytic activity and stability. In this case, enzyme immobilization requires the preservation of the catalytic activity by preventing enzyme unfolding and avoiding its aggregation. These approaches render many other advantages like hosting/storing enzymes in nanotechnological solid, liquid, and gel-like media. This chapter focuses on the most up-to-date approaches to manipulate or mimic enzyme activity based on nanotechnology, and offers examples of their applications in the most promising fields. It also gives new insight into the creation of reusable nanotechnological tools for enzyme storage.

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