Checklist of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Amazonas state, Brazil

Abstract: Here we provide a checklist of the odonates from Amazonas state, Brazil. We registered 324 species and 101 genera, making Amazonas the Brazilian state with the most Odonata species recorded. The families with the highest number of species were Coenagrionidae with 32 genera and 101 species, followed by Libellulidae with 28 genera and 100 species and Gomphidae with 12 genera and 45 species. Some regions of Amazonas state remain poorly explored, such as the southern area, and large municipalities, such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira. This work underlines the importance of the biological diversity from Amazonas state and the Amazonian Biome for Odonata species richness in Brazil and shows that many areas in the world’s largest tropical forest have not yet been sampled.

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Effect of disturbance on plant species diversity in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v16i1.21558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽

Tej Narayan Mandal

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Diversity Pattern ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Key Factor ◽

Disturbed Forest ◽

The Stability

Species diversity is a key factor for the stability of ecosystems but the increasing disturbances in tropical forests resulted in the shrinkage of biological diversity. This study was conducted in undisturbed and disturbed stands of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) dominated moist tropical forest of Sunsari district, eastern Nepal in order to understand the herb, shrub and tree diversity. Present study reported the 47, 16 and 60 species of herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. The species richness and the Shannon–Wiener index for tree species were higher in undisturbed forest (9.11 and 3.08, respectively), while the Simpson’s index (index of dominance) was higher in disturbed forest (0.11). On the other hand, reverse case was found for shrubs and herbs where species richness and Shannon–Wiener index were higher but index of dominance was lower in disturbed forest. Changes in species diversity pattern reflect the effect of disturbance.

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An inventory of the Bignoniaceae from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte highlights the importance of small herbaria to biodiversity studies

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 278 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

BEATRIZ COLOMBO ◽

MIRIAM KAEHLER ◽

ALICE CALVENTE

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Native Species ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Individual Species ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Additional Species ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Brazilian State ◽

Dry Woodland

This work presents an updated checklist of the Bignoniaceae from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), and information on the patterns of geographic distribution of individual species within two RN biomes. Forty-three native species distributed in 18 Bignoniaceae genera were recorded for RN. The species richness found for RN in this study was 43% higher than previously documented, indicating the great need of additional biodiversity studies in Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 43 species listed, 27 were recorded in the checklist of Brazilian plants, while 16 species represent new occurrences. Three additional species were included in the checklist of Brazilian plants (which listed 30 species of Bignoniaceae for the RN); however, specimens of these taxa were not located for RN during this study and are not included in the final checklist presented here. The collection effort carried out for this work led to an improved knowledge of species distributions in the two biomes found in RN: the Caatinga dry woodland and the Atlantic Forest. The number of species found to be restricted to each biome and the absolute number of species occurring in the Caatinga dry woodland expanded considerably. All new species records were found in small herbaria from the RN state, emphasizing the importance of regional herbaria for an improved understanding of biodiversity patterns. This study highlights the importance of intensive identification efforts in small regional collections, combined with well-planned fieldwork for an accurate estimation of species richness in poorly studied areas of Brazil.

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Species richness and diversity in shrub savanna using ordinary kriging

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000800008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 958-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anderson Pedro Bernardina Batista ◽

José Márcio de Mello ◽

Marcel Régis Raimundo ◽

Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽

Aliny Aparecida dos Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Species Richness ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Ordinary Kriging ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Spatial Models ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Number Of Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m2). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

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Tree density, basal area and species diversity in a disturbed dry tropical forest of northern India: implications for conservation

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892906003237 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 256-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

R. SAGAR ◽

J.S. SINGH

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Density ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Stem Density ◽

Dry Tropical Forest ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Northern India

Dry tropical forest communities are among the world's most threatened systems and urgent measures are required to protect and restore them in degraded landscapes. For planning conservation strategies, there is a need to determine the few essential measurable properties, such as number of species and basal area, that best describe the dry forest vegetation and its environment, and to document quantitative relationships among them. This paper examines the relationships between forest basal area and diversity components (number of species and evenness) for a disturbed dry tropical forest of northern India. Data were collected from five sites located in the Vindhyan dry tropical forest of India, selected on the basis of satellite images and field observations to represent the entire range of conditions in terms of canopy cover and disturbance regimes. These sites represented different communities in terms of species composition. The forest was poorer in species richness, and lower in stem density and basal area than wet forests of the tropics. Across sites (communities), the diversity components and tree density were positively related with total tree basal area. Considering basal area as a surrogate of biomass and net production, diversity is found to be positively associated with productivity. A positive relationship between basal area, tree density and species diversity may be an important characteristic of the dry forest, where recurring disturbance does not permit concentration of biomass or stems in only a few strong competitors. However, the relationships of basal area with density, alpha diversity and evenness remain statistically significant only when data from all sites, including the extremely disturbed one, are used in the analysis. In some sites there was a greater coefficient of variation (CV) of basal area than in others, attributed to patchy distribution of stems and resultant blanks. Therefore, to enhance the tree diversity of these forests, the variability in tree basal area must be reduced by regulating local disturbances. Conservation activities, particularly fuelwood plantations near human settlements, deferred grazing and canopy enrichment through multi-species plantations of nursery-raised or wild-collected seedlings of desirable species within the forest patches of low basal area, will be needed to attain restoration goals, but reforestation programmes will have to be made attractive to the forest-dwelling communities.

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Scavenging in the Anthropocene: Human impact drives vertebrate scavenger species richness at a global scale

10.26686/wgtn.12469334.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

E Sebastián-González ◽

JM Barbosa ◽

JM Pérez-García ◽

Z Morales-Reyes ◽

F Botella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Human Impact ◽

Large Scale ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Global Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽

Latitudinal Patterns

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Understanding the distribution of biodiversity across the Earth is one of the most challenging questions in biology. Much research has been directed at explaining the species latitudinal pattern showing that communities are richer in tropical areas; however, despite decades of research, a general consensus has not yet emerged. In addition, global biodiversity patterns are being rapidly altered by human activities. Here, we aim to describe large-scale patterns of species richness and diversity in terrestrial vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages, which provide key ecosystem functions and services. We used a worldwide dataset comprising 43 sites, where vertebrate scavenger assemblages were identified using 2,485 carcasses monitored between 1991 and 2018. First, we evaluated how scavenger richness (number of species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index) varied among seasons (cold vs. warm, wet vs. dry). Then, we studied the potential effects of human impact and a set of macroecological variables related to climatic conditions on the scavenger assemblages. Vertebrate scavenger richness ranged from species-poor to species rich assemblages (4–30 species). Both scavenger richness and diversity also showed some seasonal variation. However, in general, climatic variables did not drive latitudinal patterns, as scavenger richness and diversity were not affected by temperature or rainfall. Rainfall seasonality slightly increased the number of species in the community, but its effect was weak. Instead, the human impact index included in our study was the main predictor of scavenger richness. Scavenger assemblages in highly human-impacted areas sustained the smallest number of scavenger species, suggesting human activity may be overriding other macroecological processes in shaping scavenger communities. Our results highlight the effect of human impact at a global scale. As species-rich assemblages tend to be more functional, we warn about possible reductions in ecosystem functions and the services provided by scavengers in human-dominated landscapes in the Anthropocene.

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A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.1770.7.15.8272-8287 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 8272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Girish Gogoi ◽

Vipin Parkash

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Simpson Diversity Index ◽

Richness Index

Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments. A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species Coprinellus disseminatus and Megacollybia rodmani have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively. A total of 24 species, e.g., Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas Megacollybia rodmani with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary. The highly abundant species were Termitomyces medius (91.7) and Coprinellus disseminatus (86.8), and less abundant species were Psilocybe wayanadensis (1.0) and Lepiota sp. (1.0) in the study site. The order of the species richness index (R) compartment wise was 2>3>4>5>1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively. Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.<div> </div>

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Fish fauna of small streams of the Catua-Ipixuna Extractive Reserve, state of Amazonas, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/5.2.154 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Renildo Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽

Marcelo Salles Rocha ◽

Maeda Batista dos Anjos ◽

Jansen Zuanon ◽

Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Fish Species ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Conservation Unit ◽

Extractive Reserve ◽

Small Streams ◽

Total Fish ◽

Amazonas State ◽

Solimões River ◽

Hydrographic Network

This study was conducted in an Amazonas state conservation unit, the Catuá-Ipixuna Extractive Reserve (Catuá-Ipixuna RESEX). The main purpose was to provide an ichthyological survey of its small streams, all them tributaries of the Solimões River. Nine small streams (up to 4 m width and 1 m depth) were sampled in September 2006. A total of 1,525 specimens were captured, belonging to 78 species, 24 families and eight orders. Eight species had higher abundances and represented altogether 61.4 % of all collected specimens (Hemigrammus belotii, Microphilypnus amazonicus, Physopyxis ananas, Apistogramma agassizii, Elachocharax pulcher, Apistogramma cf. cruzi, Gladioglanis conquistador and Copella nigrofasciata). Based on the high number of singletons and doubletons present in our samples, as well as the estimated number of species for those streams (106 spp.), we believe that the total fish species richness present in the Catuá-Ipixuna Extractive Reserve may be considerably higher than indicated by our samples. This seems especially true when considering the dimensions of the Catuá-Ipixuna RESEX and the dense hydrographic network present in the area.

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Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00080-4 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 91 (2-3) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 476

Author(s):

Claude Gascon ◽

Thomas E Lovejoy ◽

Richard O Bierregaard Jr. ◽

Jay R Malcolm ◽

Phillip C Stouffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Matrix Habitat ◽

Forest Remnants

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Structure, Diversity, and Carbon Stocks of the Tree Community of Kumasi, Ghana

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9090519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 519 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bertrand Nero ◽

Daniel Callo-Concha ◽

Manfred Denich

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Species Richness ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forestry ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Structure Diversity

Urban forestry has the potential to address many urban environmental and sustainability challenges. Yet in Africa, urban forest characterization and its potential to contribute to human wellbeing are often neglected or restrained. This paper describes the structure, diversity, and composition of an urban forest and its potential to store carbon as a means of climate change mitigation and adaptation in Kumasi. The vegetation inventory included a survey of 470,100-m2 plots based on a stratified random sampling technique and six streets ranging from 50 m to 1 km. A total of 3757 trees, comprising 176 species and 46 families, were enumerated. Tree abundance and species richness were left skewed and unimodally distributed based on diameter at breast height (DBH). Trees in the diameter classes >60 cm together had the lowest species richness (17%) and abundance (9%), yet contributed more than 50% of the total carbon stored in trees within the city. Overall, about 1.2 million tonnes of carbon is captured in aboveground components of trees in Kumasi, with a mean of 228 t C ha−1. Tree density, DBH, height, basal area, aboveground carbon storage, and species richness were significantly different among green spaces (p < 0.05). The diversity was also significantly different among urban zones (p < 0.0005). The DBH distribution of trees followed a modified reverse J-shaped model. The urban forest structure and composition is quite unique. The practice of urban forestry has the potential to conserve biological diversity and combat climate change. The introduction of policies and actions to support the expansion of urban forest cover and diversity is widely encouraged.

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Hot-Spot Facts and Artifacts-Questioning Israel's Great Biodiversity

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1560/ijee.55.3.263 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 263-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Uri Roll ◽

Lewi Stone ◽

Shai Meiri

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Prediction Intervals ◽

Predicting Factors ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Species Area ◽

Expected Values ◽

Species Area Relationship

Israel's biological diversity has been praised as being particularly rich in relation to its size; however this assumption was never tested when taking into account the empirical form of the species-area relationship. Here we compared the species richness of different countries to see if the Israeli diversity is exceptionally rich when area is accurately accounted for. We compared richness of amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, flowering plants, conifers and cycads, and ferns in all the world's countries. We further tested the effects of mean latitude, altitude span, and insularity on species richness both for all world countries and just for Mediterranean countries. For all taxa and in all tests, Israel lies within the prediction intervals of the models. Out of 42 tests, Israel's residuals lie in the upper decile of positive residuals once: for reptiles, when compared to all world countries, taking all predicting factors into account. Using only countries larger than 1000 km2, Israel was placed as top residual when compared to other Mediterranean countries for mammals and reptiles. We therefore conclude that Israel's species richness does not significantly exceed the expected values for a country its size. This is true when comparing it to either world or just Mediterranean countries. Adding more predicting factors does not change this fact.

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