scholarly journals Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from naturally infected Gallus domesticus in Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Trevisani ◽  
L.D. Barros ◽  
A. Vieira-Neto ◽  
A.A. Sartor ◽  
A.P. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonosis that can infect warm-blooded animals including birds and humans, and chickens are considered to be indicators of environmental contamination. In Brazil, Toxoplasma gondii has a non-clonal population structure composed of three lineages (I, II, and III), presenting high recombination, and resulting in wide genetic diversity. This study aimed to genetically characterize T. gondii isolates from naturally infected chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil region. Sera from 133 free-range chickens were analyzed by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Brain and heart from 30 positive animals, based on IFA (≥ 1:64), were used to isolate the parasite using a mouse bioassay. Strain genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP using 12 genetic markers (SAG1, 5´-3´SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico, and CS3). The results were classified according to the genotypes based on the ToxoDB (http://toxodb.org/toxo/). Of 133 chicken sera analyzed, 84 (63.16%) were positive, with antibody titers ranging from 16 to 1024. Eleven isolates were obtained from mouse bioassay (Ck3, Ck32, Ck35, Ck56, Ck63, Ck89, Ck102, Ck103, Ck125, Ck127, and Ck128). Genotyping revealed six genotypes; three were classified as #26, #53, and #120, and three (NEO1, NEO2, and NEO3) were had not been previously described. No clonal lineages of type I, II, or III were identified. The present study confirms the high genetic diversity of T. gondii in Brazil.

Free-range chickens from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, as asymptomatic intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii clonal type I and typical Brazilian genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Bruna Farias Alves ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Solange Oliveira ◽  
Marina Neves Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Type I ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Santa Catarina State

scholarly journals SAG3 Toxoplasma gondii cloning reveals unexpected fivefold infection in the blood of feral cats in the Mexican Caribbean

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Valenzuela-Moreno ◽  
Sara Teresa Méndez-Cruz ◽  
Claudia Patricia Rico-Torres ◽  
Carlos Cedillo-Peláez ◽  
Dolores Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Abstract Background Currently, more than 300 genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) have been described throughout the world, demonstrating its wide genetic diversity. The SAG3 locus is one of the genes included in the genotyping panel of this parasite. It is associated with its virulence since it participates during the invasion process of the host cells. Therefore, cloning, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were used to deepen the understanding of the SAG3 locus genetic diversity of T. gondii in blood samples from feral cats. Results Six different SAG3 sequences were detected, five of which were detected in one feline. Three sequences were first reported here; one of them was an intragenic recombinant. In the cladogram, four out of ten SAG3 sequences did not share nodes with others reported worldwide. Conclusions Cloning and sequencing of samples with more than one restriction pattern by PCR-RFLP were very helpful tools to demonstrate the presence of more than three genotypes of T. gondii in the blood of feral cats from southeastern Mexico. This suggests a potential mixed infection of multiple T. gondii strains and high genetic diversity of the parasites in felines in this tropical region of Mexico.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in milk of naturally infected dairy ewes on west mesoregion of Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Ossani ◽  
H.A.T. Borges ◽  
A.P. Souza ◽  
A.A. Sartor ◽  
L.C. Miletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT This study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in the milk of dairy sheep in the Western mesorregion of state of Santa Catarina by bioassay (22 milk samples from eight ewes seropositive; IFA ≥256) and PCR [for the detection of agent in the brains of mice inoculated on bioassay and directly from milk (108 samples from 42 seropositive ewes (IFA, ≥64) in different lactation periods)]. T. gondii DNA was detected in mice brains inoculated with milk from eight sheep (a sample of the 45th day of lactation and seven in the collection of 90th day) and directly from the milk in samples of the second collection (90 days) in five animals. Taking into account both assays, from a total of 42 ewes in lactation and seropositive for T. gondii, 30.95% (13/42) of the animals presented evidences of T. gondii presence in milk. Positive PCR samples were sequenced and the results confirmed ≥97% identity with the membrane antigen P22 gene of T. gondii. The results showed that T. gondii is present in the milk of sheep, representing a possible source of infection to humans through the consumption of milk "in natura" and/or derivatives, besides the possibility of lactogenic transmission to lambs.

scholarly journals First isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from domestic animals in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Lachkhem ◽  
Lokman Galal ◽  
Ibtissem Lahmar ◽  
Karine Passebosc ◽  
Homayoun Riahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Strain Isolation ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe isolation and molecular typing of Toxoplasma gondii strains provide an essential basis for a better understanding of the parasite’s genetic diversity, determinants of its geographical distribution and associated risks to human health. In this study, we isolated and genetically characterized T. gondii strains from domestic animals in Southern and coastal area of Tunisia. Blood, hearts and/or brains were collected from 766 domestic animals (630 sheep and 136 free-range chickens). Strain isolation from these samples was performed using mouse bioassay and genotyping was carried out with a multiplex PCR technique using 15 microsatellite markers. Thirty viable strains of T. gondii were successfully isolated from tissues of sheep (19/142) and chickens (11/33). In addition, 3 strains could be successfully genotyped from animal tissues for which mouse bioassay was unsuccessful. A large predominance of type II strains (n = 29) was found in the sampled regions, followed by type III (n = 3) and, for the first time in Tunisia, a single isolate of Africa 4 lineage from a sheep. Analyses of population genetics showed the presence of a divergent population of type II lineage in Tunisia, supporting limited recent migrations of strains between Tunisia and other countries of the world.

scholarly journals Detection and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in free-range chickens, pigs and seropositive pregnant women in Benue state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009458
Author(s):  
Ifeoma N. Nzelu ◽  
Jacob K. P. Kwaga ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Idris A. Lawal ◽  
Christy Beazley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Toxoplasma gondii parasites present strong but geographically varied signatures of population structure. Populations sampled from Europe and North America have commonly been defined by over-representation of a small number of clonal types, in contrast to greater diversity in South America. The occurrence and extent of genetic diversity in African T. gondii populations remains understudied, undermining assessments of risk and transmission. The present study was designed to establish the occurrence, genotype and phylogeny of T. gondii in meat samples collected from livestock produced for human consumption (free-range chickens, n = 173; pigs, n = 211), comparing with T. gondii detected in blood samples collected from seropositive pregnant women (n = 91) in Benue state, Nigeria. The presence of T. gondii DNA was determined using a published nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting the 529 bp multicopy gene element. Samples with the highest parasite load (assessed using quantitative PCR) were selected for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting the surface antigen 3 (SAG3), SAG2 (5’ and 3’), beta-tubulin (BTUB) and dense granule protein 6 (GRA6) loci, and the apicoplast genome (Apico). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in all three of the populations sampled, presenting 30.6, 31.3 and 25.3% occurrence in free-range chickens, pigs and seropositive pregnant women, respectively. Quantitative-PCR indicated low parasite occurrence in most positive samples, limiting some further molecular analyses. PCR-RFLP results suggested that T. gondii circulating in the sampled populations presented with a type II genetic background, although all included a hybrid type I/II or II/III haplotype. Concatenation of aligned RFLP amplicon sequences revealed limited diversity with nine haplotypes and little indication of host species-specific or spatially distributed sub-populations. Samples collected from humans shared haplotypes with free-range chickens and/or pigs. Africa remains under-explored for T. gondii genetic diversity and this study provides the first detailed definition of haplotypes circulating in human and animal populations in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii antibodies sheep in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and comparison using IFA and ELISA

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Bragagnolo Liz Stefen Sakata ◽  
Valdomiro Bellato ◽  
Amélia Aparecida Sartor ◽  
Anderson Barbosa de Moura ◽  
Antonio Pereira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis in sheep is a disease of great importance in veterinary medicine, which causes economic losses in livestock and has a great impact on human health, since consumption of infected meat facilitates transmission of zoonotic infections. Blood samples from sheep (n = 360) were collected from 13 farm properties in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina, to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and identify risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. T. gondii, antibodies were investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Animals infected with T. gondii were found on 100% of the farms. IFA detected 56.9% (205/360) and ELISA 42.5% of the infected sheep. Breed was the only risk factor associated with the presence of T. gondii antibodies. ELISA showed sensitivity of 61%, specificity of 82% and kappa of 0.41, which was considered moderate. This allows use of ELISA as an alternative technique for diagnosing T. gondii in sheep.

Epidemiologic significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): the past decade

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
H. F. J. Pena ◽  
C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar ◽  
F. H. A. Murata ◽  
O. C. H. Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Free Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sentinel Animals

AbstractToxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Domestic free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) are excellent sentinels of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed on the ground. Chickens can be easily infected with T. gondii; however, clinical toxoplasmosis is rare in these hosts. Chickens are comparatively inexpensive and thus are good sentinel animals for T. gondii infections on the farms. Here, the authors reviewed prevalence, the persistence of infection, clinical disease, epidemiology and genetic diversity of T. gondii strains isolated from chickens worldwide for the past decade. Data on phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 794 viable T. gondii strains from chickens are discussed, including new data on T. gondii isolates from chickens in Brazil. This paper will be of interest to biologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians and parasitologists.

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