Factors associated with the prevalence of helminths in Mangalarga Marchador horses in southern of Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Horses are highly susceptible to parasitism. Helminth infections cause great harm to the animals and to their breeders. This study aimed at evaluating socioeconomic, cultural and management factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of horses. A total of 40 farmas the Mangalarga Marchador horse breed were visited in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, where interviews were conducted. Horse feces were collected on the farms and coproparasitological laboratory tests were conducted to quantify the infection and to identify parasites. Data were tabulated in Epidata and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software. A great similarity between breeds was observed, specifically in their profiles, as well as in their animal management techniques and in their parasite control habits. The cyathostome was the most prevalent helminth, followed by Oxyuris and large strongyles. The farms which prioritize only equine production are less likely to have animals with massive helminth infection.

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Gastrointestinal Helminths in Slaughtered Cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria

Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/923561 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Olubukola Deborah Adedipe ◽

Emmanuel Chibuike Uwalaka ◽

Victor Oluwatoyin Akinseye ◽

Oyeduntan Adejoju Adediran ◽

Simeon Idowu Babalola Cadmus

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

The Impact ◽

Ongoing Project

As part of an ongoing project to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths of cattle in Nigeria, we carried out a systematic random sampling of cattle slaughtered in a major abattoir in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Using sedimentation and floatation methods, we analyzed fecal samples from 397 animals between March and May 2013. Overall, 163 (41.6%) of the animals had at least one gastrointestinal helminth egg, comprising a total of eight helminths from different genera (i.e., four nematodes, three trematodes, and one cestode), with nematode infection being the highest (71.54%). In addition, eggs of four helminths of zoonotic importance were also obtained. Among the cattle examined, the Bunaji breed was the most infected (46%; 69/150). Furthermore, female animals (OR=1.1; 95% CI: 0.60–1.84) and animals with moderate body condition (OR=1.2; 95% CI: 0.80–1.79) are more likely to be positive to helminth infection. Our findings reveal that there were helminth infections of both zoonotic and socioeconomic importance among the cattle screened. Considering the impact of the infections on animal production and public health, we advocate that effective prophylactic measures be adopted as a first step to curtail helminth infections of cattle in Nigeria.

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Assessing the usefulness of mineral licks containing herbal extracts with anti-parasitic properties for the control of gastrointestinal helminths in grazing sheep – a field trial

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helmin-2016-0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Nosal ◽

M. Murawski ◽

P. M. Bartlewski ◽

J. Kowal ◽

M. Skalska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Mineral Licks ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

And Control

SummaryOne of the alternative methods of parasite control, of particular importance in sustainable farming, is the use of medicinal plants. The specific aim of the present field trial was to assess the anti-parasitic effects of herbal extracts contained in a commercially available lick formulation for sheep. At the outset of this study conducted during the grazing season, all animals were de-wormed and then randomly assigned to one of the two separately kept groups (treatment and control), each consisting of 25 animals (11 ewes and 14 lambs). The treatment group received mineral licks containing the extracts of the plants with anti-parasitic properties, while control animals received standard mineral licks ad libitum. Rectal fecal samples were collected monthly from all animals for the McMaster analyses. There were no significant differences in the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections between the treatment and control groups. Thus, we were not able to ascertain the efficacy of the commercial herbal de-wormer tested for the control of gastrointestinal helminths in grazing ewes and their lambs.

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Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x14000212 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 428-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A.A. Marchioro ◽

C.M. Colli ◽

É.C. Ferreira ◽

B.M. Viol ◽

S.M. Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Epidemiological Factors

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to Toxocara were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies to Toxocara spp. The presence of antibodies to Toxocara spp. increased the risk of T. gondii infection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected by T. gondii than those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocara spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for Toxocara spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.

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The development and validation of an age-structured model for the evaluation of disease control strategies for intestinal helminths

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000078422 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

M. S. Chan ◽

H. L. Guyatt ◽

D. A. P. Bundy ◽

G. F. Medley

Keyword(s):

Helminth Infection ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Intestinal Helminths ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Age Related ◽

Control Programmes ◽

Age Structured ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Age Structured Model

SummaryEpidemiological modelling can be a useful tool for the evaluation of parasite control strategies. An age-structured epidemiological model of intestinal helminth dynamics is developed. This model includes the explicit representation of changing worm distributions between hosts as a result of treatment, and estimates the morbidity due to heavy infections. The model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of different programmes of age-targeted community chemotherapy in reducing the amount of morbidity due to helminth infection. The magnitude of age-related heterogeneities is found to be very important in determining the results of age-targeted treatment programmes. The model was verified using field data from control programmes for Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, and was found to provide accurate predictions of prevalence and mean intensities of infection during and following different control regimes.

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Ruminant behaviour in subclinical parasitic gastroenteritis

Livestock ◽

10.12968/live.2021.26.2.78 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Andrew Forbes

Keyword(s):

Parasite Control ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Sensing Technology ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Feasible Option ◽

Parasitic Gastroenteritis ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Grazing Livestock ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Behavioural changes in cattle and sheep are used in clinical diagnosis to detect abnormalities and to help determine the aetiology. In many parasitic diseases, infections can be subclinical, but their impact on performance can still be of importance in a farming setting. A common feature of helminth infections is a reduction in feed intake, which can account for lower growth rates and milk yields, yet inappetence is difficult to detect in free-ranging, grazing livestock. Remote-sensing technology can facilitate data collection and is useful not only in research, but is a feasible option now on commercial farms. If inappetence in grazing sheep and cattle as a result of parasitic gastroenteritis can be easily monitored and assessed, then early interventions may be possible and these can ensure that animal performance is kept on target. Application of such approaches is consistent with the principles of responsible use of anthelmintics and targeted selective treatments, which can be further integrated into complementary elements of parasite control, including grazing management.

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Unusual presentations of a severe type 2 leprosy reaction mimicking sepsis induced by helminth infection

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. e0009453

Author(s):

Sri Linuwih Menaldi ◽

Anastasia Asylia Dinakrisma ◽

Hok Bing Thio ◽

Iris Rengganis ◽

Salma Oktaria

Keyword(s):

Septic Shock ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Endoscopic Examination ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

History Of ◽

Severe Type

We describe an unusual case of type 2 leprosy reaction (T2R) with septic shock–like features induced by helminth infection in a 31-year-old Moluccan male patient with a history of completed treatment of WHO multidrug therapy (MDT)–multibacillary (MB) regimen 2 years before admission. During the course of illness, the patient had numerous complications, including septic shock, anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Nevertheless, antibiotic therapies failed to give significant results, and the source of infection could not be identified. Helminth infection was subsequently revealed by endoscopic examination followed by parasitological culture. Resolution of symptoms and normal level of organ function–specific markers were resolved within 3 days following anthelmintic treatment. This report demonstrated the challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of severe T2R. Given that helminth infections may trigger severe T2R that mimics septic shock, health professionals need to be aware of this clinical presentation, especially in endemic regions of both diseases.

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On the epidemiology of helminth parasites in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) of Dachigam National Park, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.5179.13.1.17517-17520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 17517-17520

Author(s):

Naziya Khurshid ◽

Hidayatullah Tak ◽

Ruqeya Nazir ◽

Kulsum Ahmad Bhat ◽

Muniza Manzoor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

National Park ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Dry Season ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Wet Season ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽

Dachigam National Park ◽

One Year

A one-year study conducted to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with helminth infection in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu at Dachigam National Park revealed that 40.45% (89 of 220 samples) were infected with four helminth species including Heamonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, Dictyocaulus viviparus, and Moneizia expansa. The study signified that the infection was more prevalent during the dry season (summer and autumn) as compared to the wet season (winter and spring). The overall prevalence of Heamonchus contortus was the highest (23.18%) followed by Trichuris ovis (8.18%), followed by Dictyocaulus viviparus (5.45%), and Moneizia expansa (3.63%). The present study should be of importance in conserving the erstwhile state animal, listed as Critically Engendered in 2017 by IUCN.

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Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) As A Diagnostic Technique for Intestinal Helminth Infection

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v5i4.427 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Reqgi First Trasia

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract - Worm infections are still a health problem in the world, involving Indonesia. This disease generally rarely causes death, it has a detrimental impact on society such as malnutrition, anemia, productivity declining, and inhibits physical growth and intelligence in children. Efforts to support the intestinal helminth infection elimination program must be supported by proper diagnosis so that it can be continued with appropriate treatment and as a guideline for determining further policy. Microscopic examination is currently still the most commonly used method but has a limitation, especially less sensitive if in conditions of low infection. Molecular diagnoses suc [1]h as PCR can provide an alternative in providing a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of intestinal helminth infection.Keywords - Diagnosis, Intestinal helminth infections, Polymerase Chain Reaction

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ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20180610 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 216 (12) ◽

pp. 2714-2723 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Laura Campbell ◽

Matthew R. Hepworth ◽

Jayde Whittingham-Dowd ◽

Seona Thompson ◽

Allison J. Bancroft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Goblet Cell ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Mucosal Barrier ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Mucus Production ◽

Mucin Production ◽

Helminth Infections

Host immunity to parasitic nematodes requires the generation of a robust type 2 cytokine response, characterized by the production of interleukin 13 (IL-13), which drives expulsion. Here, we show that infection with helminths in the intestine also induces an ILC2-driven, IL-13–dependent goblet cell hyperplasia and increased production of mucins (Muc5b and Muc5ac) at distal sites, including the lungs and other mucosal barrier sites. Critically, we show that type 2 priming of lung tissue through increased mucin production inhibits the progression of a subsequent lung migratory helminth infection and limits its transit through the airways. These data show that infection by gastrointestinal-dwelling helminths induces a systemic innate mucin response that primes peripheral barrier sites for protection against subsequent secondary helminth infections. These data suggest that innate-driven priming of mucus barriers may have evolved to protect from subsequent infections with multiple helminth species, which occur naturally in endemic areas.

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