scholarly journals ORGANIC CARBON, NITROGEN AND THE STABILITY OF SOIL AGGREGATES IN AREAS CONVERTED FROM SUGAR CANE TO EUCALYPTUS IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Thamyris Suelle da Silva ◽  
Anderson Vitor Lins da Silva ◽  
Deni Rafaela Silva Barros ◽  
Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The State ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT The conversion of areas cultivated with sugarcane into eucalyptus forests can promote improvements in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Within this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the stocks and levels of carbon and nitrogen and soil-aggregate stability in an area of transition from sugarcane to eucalyptus in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The study was carried out on a rural property, located in the district of Atalaia. The systems under evaluation consisted of four areas, one cultivated with sugarcane for approximately 20 years, taken as the reference area for the study, and three adjacent areas cultivated with eucalyptus forest, at 1, 3 and 6 years of age. Bulk density, the levels and stocks of carbon and nitrogen, and the soil aggregation index were all determined. The conversion of a sugarcane plantation under conventional tillage with straw burning into eucalyptus plantations promoted an increase in the levels and stocks of carbon and nitrogen in the soil; it also reduced bulk density and increased the water stability of aggregates. The results show that the conversion of sugarcane into eucalyptus in the Atlantic Forest region of Alagoas may be an alternative for promoting carbon sequestration and improving soil quality.

Effect of soil organic carbon loss on the stability and structure of microaggregates: First insights from an organic carbon depletion field trial in a loess soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Roosch ◽  
Vincent Felde ◽  
Daniel Uteau ◽  
Stephan Peth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores

<p>Soil microaggregates are considered to play an important role in soil functioning and soil organic carbon (SOC) is of great importance for the formation and stabilization of these aggregates. The loss of SOC can occur, for example, after a change in land use and may lead to a decreased aggregate stability, which makes soils vulnerable to various threats, such as erosion or compaction. It is therefore important to understand the effect of SOC loss on aggregate stability in order to better understand and preserve the functioning of healthy soils.</p><p>We sampled two adjacent plots from a loess soil in Selhausen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) in November of 2019 and measured aggregate stability and architecture of soil microaggregates. One plot was kept free from vegetation by the application of herbicides and by tillage (to a depth of 5 cm) from 2005 on, while the other plot was used for agriculture (conventional tillage). Over the course of 11 years, the SOC concentration in the bulk soil was reduced from 12.2 to 10.1 g SOC kg<sup>-1</sup> soil. We took 10 undisturbed soil cores from two depths of each plot (Ap and Bt horizons).</p><p>The stability of aggregates against hydraulic and mechanical stresses was tested using the widespread wet sieving approach and a newly developed dry crushing approach. Isolated microaggregates gained from the latter procedure were tested against tensile stress by adapting a crushing test in a load frame to the microaggregate scale. To shed light on the effect of a decreased SOC content on microaggregate structure, we scanned several microaggregates with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner (Zeiss Xradia 520 versa) at sub-micron resolutions and analyzed the features of their pore systems.</p><p>This will give us valuable insights into the interplay of mechanical and physicochemical stability, as well as the structural properties of microaggregates with regard to SOC depletion. The consequences for various soil functions provided by microaggregates, like the habitat function for microorganisms or their capacity to store and transport gas, water and nutrients, are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals A Mathematical Approach to Evaluating the Influence of Various Factors on the Stability of Aggregates in Vertisols

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López ◽  
Raúl Pérez Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Stability

A mathematical approach is presented in this paper to evaluate the influence of such factors as clay content, silt content, organic matter, Ca + Mg, and soluble sodium upon the stability of soil aggregates in a group of Vertisols from the Lajas Valley, P.R. The relationships between aggregate stability and silt and clay were not significant. When the percentage of organic matter was considered as the independent variable, a highly significant correlation coefficient of 0.66 was obtained. Therefore, almost 43 percent of the variability in aggregate stability could be explained on the basis of this single factor. Attempts to increase the percentage of the variability which could be explained in terms of the content of Ca + Mg, and also of soluble sodium, yielded correlation coefficients of 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. Thus, only a slight, but significant, additional increase could be explained when these variables were included.

scholarly journals The stability of soil aggregates in tilled fallow areas in Hyderabad district, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tagar ◽  
Jan Adamowski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Aggregate Size Distribution ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Village

Abstract Arid areas are particularly susceptible to soil erosion due to long dry periods and sudden heavy downpours. This study investigates the aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability of twelve tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. This study determined aggregate size distribution by dry sieving to evaluate the seedbed condition and aggregate stability using wet sieving to assess the susceptibility of tilled fallow areas to soil erosion. The aggregate size distribution of the soils of the selected areas was highly variable. Gulistan-e-Sarmast had the largest number of clods (51.0%) followed by Kohsar (49.0%), Latifabad # 10 (41.10%) and Daman-e-Kohsar (39.0%). Fazal Sun City, the left side of the Indus River, the Village Nooral Detha and the left side of the Abdullah Sports city had a greater number of large (>8.0 mm) and small aggregates (<0.5 mm). The optimum aggregate size distribution was found in the left side of the channel, which had the largest number of aggregates (50.50%) in the 0.5–8.0 mm sieve size range. Maximum aggregate stability (AS) was found in Gulistan-e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) and Latifabad # 10 (34%), while all other soils had minimum aggregate stability (<14%). The minimum aggregate stabilities demonstrate that the tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district are highly susceptible to erosion. Therefore, the present study suggests investigating potential ways to enhance the aggregate stabilities of soils.

scholarly journals EDAPHIC ATTRIBUTES OF A CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO BIOME

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDINEI JULIO BEUTLER ◽  
MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA ◽  
ARCÂNGELO LOSS ◽  
ADRIANO PERIN ◽  
CRISTIANE FIGUEIRA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT A significant increase in the use of integrated farming systems have been observed in the Brazilian Cerrado, such as crop-livestock integration (CLI), which combined with the no-tillage system (NTS) have shown significant influence on soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of a CLI system on the chemical, physical and microbiological soil characteristics, in an area in the Cerrado biome, Montividiu, State of Goias, Brazil. The soil fertility, remaining phosphorus (Prem), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (Nt), aggregate stability (geometric mean diameter - GMD), microbial respiration (C-CO2) and easily-extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) were evaluated. Soil samples were collected at depth of 0-5 and 5-10 cm in three areas with: CLI (13 years of annual rotation with Urochloa ruziziensis); Urochloa decumbens pasture (15 years of implementation); and native Cerrado vegetation. The CLI area had higher pH, Mg, P available (0-10 cm) and Prem (5-10 cm) values compared to the other areas, and equal values of TOC, Nt, EE-GRSP (0-10 cm) and aggregate stability (5-10 cm) compared to the pasture area. The CLI had no differences in C-CO2 emissions compared to the Cerrado, but had lower rates compared to the pasture. The P available and Prem were sensitive indicators to show the differences between the CLI and pasture systems, with higher contents in the CLI area. The TOC and Nt indicators had no differences between these two systems. The GMD results indicated a better aggregation in the pasture (0-5 cm) compared to the CLI area, while the EE-GRSP were similar in these areas. The total values of C-CO2 emission from the soil aggregates showed the stability of respirometry rates in the CLI and Cerrado areas.

The Effect of Synthetic Soil Conditioners on Soil-Aggregate Stability and the Production of Potatoes and Stringless Beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
R. Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Stability

Data are presented here on the effect of the synthetic soil conditioners Krilium (formulations 6 and 9) and Aerotil on the aggregate stability of Juncos clay and on the yield of potatoes and string beans. The conditioners used were formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, dry form, and Aerotil, wettable flakes, each at rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. At all levels Krilium 6 showed the highest aggregate-stabilizing capacity. Significant and highly significant differences were obtained between the stability of soil aggregates in the check plots and in all conditioner-treated plots, except where Krilium 9 was used at the minimum level. The production of potatoes of the Kennebeck variety was significantly increased by conditioner treatment, except at the low levels of both Krilium formulations and the intermediate level of formulation 6. Stringless beans did not respond to the increased stability of soil aggregates, which stresses the importance of recognizing crop differences in assessing soil characteristics.

Determination of aggregate stability using laser diffraction method in soil with varied texture and carbon content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Magdalena Ryżak ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
The Stability

&lt;p&gt;Keywords: soil texture, aggregate stability, organic additives, earthworms, microbial activity,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lubbers et al. (2017) emphasised that earthworm by creating macroaggregates increase the amount of organic carbon in the soil. Such macroaggregates contain particulate organic matter, fungal hyphae, or roots, and afterwards, during the decomposition of macroaggregates, the organic matter becomes more resistant to microbial attack (Pulleman et al. 2005). Earthworms, through feeding and burrowing, are important elements in C cycling (Curry and Schmidt 2007). However, the type of introduced organic matter (Huang et al. 2018) and abiotic factors (Six et al. 2004) are equally important in creating stable organic-mineral components as well as the presence of earthworms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A six-month experiment was carried out to test how the soil structure (the stability of soil aggregates) behave under the influence of various organic additives. For each soil, except the reference samples, one of the listed additives was introduced, i.e. straw, straw with fulvic acid, peat (garden soil), compost, compost with active bacteria cultures and straw with fulvic acids, humus and active bacteria cultures. The research was carried out on soils with four types of texture, i.e. sandy, loamy, silty and clayey soil. In the project, three different species of earthworms commonly occurred in Polish soils were a structure-forming factor (&lt;em&gt;Apporectodea rosea, Apporectodea calliginosa&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; Dendrobena rubillus&lt;/em&gt;). After the experiment, the amount of organic carbon in the soil, dissolved organic carbon, humus forms and microbiological activity of the soil were evaluated. The stability of the soil aggregates was determined using two methods: the sieve method (Kemper and Rosenau 1986) and laser diffraction method (Bieganowski et al. 2018),&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on this research it was noted that the aggregate stability is correlated mainly with soil texture. The applied additives had the most significant influence on the transformation of organic carbon in the soil. Soil organic carbon, which may be incorporated into the soil in the form of the organic-mineral colloids, is an essential element in the balance of the carbon in nature. Among the tested additives, organic carbon from compost, peat and compost with active bacteria cultures was in the highest amount associated with fine earth particles (about 36-48%). For comparison, only less than 8.5% of the organic carbon from the straw was incorporated into the mineral part of the soil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two methods to measures aggregate stability are not comparable for sandy soils. In the wet-sieving method the sand fraction higher than 0.25 mm pretend to be stable aggregates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was financed by The National Science Centre, Poland, grant No. 2017/01/X/ST10/00777, statistical analysis was made based the knowledge and skills &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;achieved during the training: organized as part of the project: Integrated Program of the University of Agriculture in Krak&amp;#243;w, which is co-financed by the European Union (POWR.03.05.00-00-z222/17)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Aggregation Index in Representative Soils of the Paraiba State

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 266-281
Author(s):  
Petrus Luiz de Luna Pequeno ◽  
Flávio Pereida de Oliveira ◽  
Viviane Barrozo da Silva ◽  
Antonio Carlos Duarte Ricciotti ◽  
Jairo André Schlindwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wet Sieving

The stability of soil aggregates is an important physical parameter as it mainly influences the flow of water and air in the soil. In this sence, the research aimed to determine the stability aggregates index in six representative soil classes in the Paraíba State-Brazil at different stages of pedological development. The soil classes analyzed is localized on the Microregions of the Curimataú Occidental (Ferrasol, Planosol, Leptosol, Arenosol) and Brejo Paraibano (Acrisol, Lixisol), on the Paraíba state, Brazil. At depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm was collected three undeformed soil samples were collected per mini trench (one per depth), making a total of 15 samples per soil class and 90 total samples.  In each soil class was analysed: chemical parameters, granulometrics parameters, stability of agregates,  Weighted average diameter via wet sieving (DMPAu) and Weighted average diameter via dry sieving (DMPAs); agregate stability index (IEA). For the conditions that research was developed can conclude that: The IEA values tended to increase with clay contents in all soil classes; Among the less developed soils, the IEA values were better in the  Planosol soil, denoting that there is a probable relationship with the low contents of K, Na and Al; In the more developed soils, the high values of Na and Al may have contributed to the lower IEA in the PVd, while the lower values may have contributed to the higher IEA in Ferrasol and Lixisol soils.

scholarly journals Aggregation, carbon, and total soil nitrogen in crop-livestock-forest integration in the Eastern Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica C. N. Silva ◽  
Arystides R. Silva ◽  
Carlos A. C. Veloso ◽  
Edilândia F. Dantas ◽  
José A. A. S. do Sacramento
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Sustainable agricultural production systems can improve physical attributes of soil as well as increase carbon and nitrogen stocks in soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the stability of soil aggregates and contents and stocks of carbon and nitrogen after the conversion of native forest to crop-livestock-forest integration systems in the region of Western Pará. Soil samples from five management systems (including a control) were collected at three depths in a randomized block design, with five replications. The stability of the aggregates, soil density, particle density, and total soil porosity, as well as total carbon and nitrogen and their respective stocks were evaluated. The native forest had the highest percentages of macroaggregates, followed by the integration system with African mahogany. At a depth of 0-0.10 m, the contents and stocks of carbon were higher in the agricultural area and in the integration system with cumaru, whereas nitrogen contents and stocks were higher in the native forest, followed by the integration systems with mahogany and cumaru. Compared to the other systems, the pasture area stored more carbon at depths of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m.

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