scholarly journals Body composition of preschool children and relation to birth weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Costa Machado ◽  
Viviane G. Nascimento ◽  
Janaína P. C. da Silva ◽  
Ciro João Bertoli ◽  
Claudio Leone
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold

Objective: to evaluate the relationship between body composition of preschool children suffering from excess weight and birth weight (BW). Methods: probabilistic sample, by conglomerates, with 17 daycare centers (of a total of 59) composing a final sample of 479 children. We used Z-score of Body Mass Index (zBMI) ≥ +1 and ≥ +2, respectively, to identify preschool children with risk of overweight and excess weight (overweight or obesity). The arm muscle area (AMA) and the arm fat area (AFA) were estimated from measurements of arm circumference, triceps skin fold thickness. Results: the prevalence of risk of overweight was 22.9% (n=110) and excess weight was 9.3% (n=44). The risk of overweight and excess weight in children did not show correlation between BW and AFA, but it did with adjusted arm muscle area (AMAa) (rp= 0.21; p= 0.0107). The analysis of the group with excess weight alone also showed a positive correlation between BW and AMAa (rp= 0.42; p= 0.0047). Conclusion: among overweight children, lower BW is associated with a lower arm muscle area in early preschool age, regardless of the fat arm area presented by them.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Measurements to Predict NICU Admission for Infants of Diabetic Mothers

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Fatma Cakmak Celik ◽  
Canan Aygun ◽  
Guzin Tumer ◽  
Sukru Kucukoduk ◽  
Yuksel Bek
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Aim: Can NICU admission of IDM be predicted by anthropometric measurements like birth weight, lenght, head circumference (HC), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) or triceps skin fold thickness (TSFT). Method: Eighty-six-term IDMs were analyzed prospectively. MUAC, HC and TSFT were measured within 48 hours of life. Prenatal-natal-postnatal problems; NICU admission; maternal characteristics, HbA1c were recorded. Results: Mean birth weight, gestational age were 3453.3±582.4g and 38.0±0.97weeks. 63.9% of IDMs was admitted to NICU. 56.3% hospitalized due respiratory problems; 32,7 % required endotracheal intubation. Mean MUAC, TSFT, HC and MUAC/HC ratio were 11.2±1.1 cm, 7.1±2.2 mm, 35.0±1.8 cm and 0.32±0.03 cm respectively for all. Although there was no significant relation between NICU admission and MUAC (p=0.071), TSFT and MUAC/HC were significantly higher in babies admitted to NICU (p=0.006 for TSFT, p<0.001 for MUAC/HC). HC was significantly low in babies followed in NICU (P<0.001). With increment of TSFT, MUAC/HC and HbA1c, NICU admission increases positively, but HC affects NICU admission negatively (OR for TSFT:1.6, OR for MUAC/HC: 2.1, OR for HbA1c: OR for HC:0,3). Mechanic ventilation requirement is affected positively by TSFT (p=0.008, OR:1.5) and affected negatively by HC (p=0.004, OR:0.6). Conclusion: This preliminary study showed; TSFT, HC and MUAC/HC ratio are helpful criterias to predict NICU admission risk for IDMs and might be helpful for risk assesment in limited settings. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 72-78

Abdomen System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Mehta ◽  
Bilal Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
System P ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Palmar Erythema ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Fat Stores

1. Jaundice is a marker of severity of liver disease, as well as a consequence of decompensation. Yellow discolouration is not usually seen until the serum bilirubin is >40μmol/L (twice the upper limit of normal), although the earliest signs of jaundice can be detected in the periphery of the conjunctivae, or in the buccal mucosa. Remember, there are other causes of jaundice in liver disease, such as Zieve’s syndrome (haemolysis and hyperlipidaemia in alcohol misuse), or biliary obstruction. 2. Cachexia can be established by demonstrating muscle and fat loss. Wasting of the temporalis muscle is an early sign of generalized muscle atrophy. A reduced triceps skin-fold thickness is a marker of loss of fat stores. This can be demonstrated by palpating for redundant skin over the triceps area between your thumb and forefingers. 3. Anaemia is most reliably demonstrated by looking for conjunctival pallor. This is thought to be more sensitive than looking for pallor of skin creases, nails, or other mucosal membranes. If there is no evidence of anaemia, it is an important negative to mention to the examiner. The principal causes of anaemia in chronic liver disease are blood loss from portal hypertensive gastropathy, alcohol excess causing bone marrow suppression and poor nutrition. 4. Other gastrointestinal (GI) causes of clubbing include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease, GI lymphoma and rare causes of malabsorption such as tropical sprue and Whipple’s disease. 5. Leuconychia is a non-specific finding which is associated with hypoalbuminaemia as well as other conditions such as heart failure, renal disease, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and diabetes mellitus (see Case 8—Nephrotic Syndrome). 6. Palmar erythema reflects the vasodilated state of cirrhosis. Other causes of palmar erythema include hypercapnoea, rheumatoid arthritis, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, fever, and exercise. 7. Spider naevi are vascular lesions, with a central arteriole that supplies smaller surrounding vessels. Generally, the number and size correlate with the severity of liver disease, although they may occur in normal individuals and pregnancy. Spider naevi, palmar erythema, gynaecomastia, and loss of body hair are thought to be the consequence of altered sex hormone metabolism, and an increase in the oestradiol:free testosterone ratio.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Body Mass Index on Gestational Diabetes Pima Indian Heritage Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Normal Women

Body mass index (BMI) acts as a casual factor for developing many diseases such as cardiovascular, breast cancer, heart, diabetes etc. The article presents the impacts of BMI on gestational diabetes Pima Indian heritage women with at least 21 years old. It is established here that mean BMI is larger for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women (P=0.0007) than normal. Mean BMI is directly linked with triceps skin fold thickness (TSFT) (P<0.0001), and it is not related with age (P=0.5185), while it is inversely linked with their joint interaction effect TSFT*Age (P=0.0023). In addition, mean BMI is partially inversely linked with insulin (P=0.1813), and it is partially directly linked with diabetes pedigree function (PDF) (P=0.1601). Variance of BMI is larger for normal women (P<0.0001) than GDM women. It is inversely linked with glucose (P<0.0001), and it is not associated with the number of pregnancies (NOP) (P=0.5494), while it is directly linked with their joint interaction effect Glucose*NOP (P=0.0434). Mean and variance of BMI show many complex impacts on GDM women. Gestational women must care on BMI along with TSFT and glucose levels.

Assessment of overweight and obesity among Nigerian children and adolescents using triceps skin-fold thickness and body mass index

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
A. N. Izuora ◽  
B. A. Animasahun ◽  
U. Nwodo ◽  
N. M. Ibeabuchi ◽  
O. F. Njokanma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold Thickness

scholarly journals PO-010 Effects of kickboxing on body composition of adolescents with obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwen Chu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective In order to find a scientific and effective way to lose weight, the effect of kickboxing exercise was studied by the method of experiment. Through research, it is found that kickboxing can effectively change the body shape and body composition of the human body and achieve a better weight loss effect. This study further enriches and improves the theory of exercise and fitness, which can provide scientific guidance for obese children and adolescents to lose weight and provide a good reference for obesity of other age groups and special populations.  Methods In this paper, 20 students of 12~14 years old in the summer class of Wuhan diet training camp were selected as the subjects. Through the test of height and weight, the 20 subjects of drug induced obesity or non secondary obesity were selected by BMI as the main basis, including 8 girls and 12 boys. kickboxing training time is 8 weeks, 3 times a week, each class 60 minutes，from warming up, basically, relax three parts. In order to study the effects of kickboxing on body composition of obese people, skin fold thickness, girth and body fat were monitored and tested.  Results After 8 weeks of kickboxing exercise, there was a significant difference in the thickness of the upper arm skin fold of the boys P < 0.05, and the thickness of the skin fold of the lower scapula was P < 0.01, but the changes in the abdomen were not obvious. While the skin thickness of the upper arm and the abdominal skin fold were P < 0.05, and there was no significant difference in the skin fold thickness of the scapula. Male hip circumference P < 0.05 had a very significant change, chest circumference, waist circumference and waist hip ratio P > 0.05 did not change significantly. The waist circumference and waist hip ratio were significantly changed, but there was no significant change in chest circumference and hip circumference. After exercise, the changes in fat content, muscle weight and BMI were the most significant. Girls' weight, fat content, body fat percentage and BMI were the most significant changes, followed by a slight change in muscle weight. Conclusions From the qualitative point of view, it can be concluded that the practice of kickboxing exercises can effectively develop flexibility, balance, coordination and so on. It has a significant effect on improving human posture and sports ability. From a quantitative point of view, aerobics can also reduce fat content, increase muscle weight, make the percentage of BMI, body fat change significantly, and have a significant impact on maintaining muscle content and muscle / weight ratio and laying a solid foundation for future exercise. It can be concluded that kickboxing is a suitable exercise for obese people to lose weight.

scholarly journals Body fat indices for identifying risk of hypertension in Indian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Vairamuthu G. S. ◽  
Thangavel A.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold Thickness

Background: Studies in India shown high body fat indices were strongly associated with hypertension in Indian children, but such studies mostly not done in southern states of India. So, authors include children in Tamilnadu measure body fat indices and blood pressure to find which body fat index correlates closely with hypertension.Methods: Standing height was measured using stadiometer. Weight was measured using electronic scale. WC measured in standing position, by a stretch resistant.  WC above 90th centile will be considered as Adipose. Waist to height ratio optimal cut-off value is 0.44 for children. TSFT recorded using Harpenden caliper, on the non-dominant upper arm. Wrist circumference measured using stretch resistant tape.Results: In this study 2000 children were participated. More hypertensives are seen in 10 to 12 years(62) and 16 to 18 years(31).Increased weight correlated with hypertension. Study indicates waist circumference is significantly correlated with systolic BP p<0.003, diastolic BP p<0.000. This study shows significant correlation p<0.003 for systolic and p<0.000 for diastolic BP with triceps skin fold thickness estimation. In multivariate analysis with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure shows very strong correlation with waist circumference, waist to height ratio and triceps skin fold thickness.Conclusions: In this study we investigate the correlation between body fat indices and blood pressure correlation was statistically analyzed which shows that waist circumference, waist to height ratio and triceps skin fold thickness were strongly correlated with systolic and diastolic BP.

scholarly journals Association between marginally low birth weight and obesity-related outcomes indirect effects via ADHD and abnormal eating

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Wei ◽  
Jiajin Hu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanan Ma ◽  
Deliang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Abnormal Eating

Background: Evidence of the association between children born with marginally low birth weight (MLBW) and obesity-related outcomes was controversial, and our study aimed to examine the role of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or abnormal eating in these associations. Methods: A retrospective cohort study consisting of 677 Chinese children was conducted. Obesity-related outcomes (BMI, waist circumference, skin fold thickness, body fat, blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose), behaviour problems (ADHD and eating behaviour) and birth weight were collected. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether ADHD and/or abnormal eating was an intermediary factor in the MLBW-OB relationship. Results: The children with MLBW tended to have higher skin fold thickness, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, waistline, body fat and abdominal obesity risks. Birth weight was negatively related to obesity-related outcomes, and the associations were mediated, partially, by increased risk of ADHD or abnormal eating behaviour after adjustment for BMI z-score. Furthermore, lower birth weight predicted higher waist circumference indirectly through emotional overeating caused by ADHD (β: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.01). Conclusion: Our study suggests the hypothetical role of ADHD and abnormal eating as underlying mechanisms in the association between MBLW and obesity-related outcomes, which provides novel scientific evidence for interventions of childhood development.

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