Survey of infection in orthopedic postoperative and their causative agents: a prospective study

SummaryObjective:to evaluate the cases of wound infections in orthopedic postoperative period.Methods:postoperative patients who developed infection during the period from November 2012 to November 2013 were studied. Secretions were collected during surgery using sterile swabs, and sent for microbiological analysis.Results:during the period analyzed, 38 surgical procedures progressed to infection. The type of surgery presenting the largest number of infections was osteosynthesis, in 36 (94.7%) patients. Among the materials used, 18 (36%) surgeries that used external fixator were infected, and 17 (34%) using plate. The species of bacteria that caused the largest number of infections were Staphylococcus aureus, infecting 16 (43.9%) patients, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, which infected four (10.5%) patients. Regarding the resistance profile of Gram-positive strains to antibiotics, 100% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were susceptible to vancomycin and 31.3%, to ceftriaxone. As for the Gram-negative bacteria, 100% of Acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, gentamicin and imipenem.Conclusion:infection control in the postoperative period is necessary, using antibiotics correctly and consciously, avoiding resistance of bacterial agents.

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Aerobic Bacteriology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media without Cholesteatoma in Children

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949210101011 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 866-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Dan M. Fliss ◽

Naftali Meidan ◽

Ron Dagan ◽

Alberto Leiberman

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Granulation Tissue ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Nonsurgical Management ◽

A Prospective Study

Medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma in children was shown recently to be efficacious. We undertook a prospective study in order to determine 1) the organisms associated with the disease and their sensitivity to various antibiotics and 2) their association with clinical variables. Pseudomonas was isolated from 84% of the patients, enteric gram-negative bacilli from 32%, Staphylococcus aureus from 20%, streptococci from 14%, and Hemophilus influenzae from 15%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the sole isolate in 48 of the 128 patients (38%). The sensitivity of P aeruginosa (78 isolates) was 100% (of isolates) to mezlocillin and ciprofloxacin, 99% to tobramycin and ceftazidime, 97% to piperacillin, 94% to gentamicin, and 78% to ceftriaxone. The isolated organisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics were not associated with age, sex, duration of otorrhea, or the presence of granulation tissue or polyps. We believe that our data may contribute to the appropriate choice of antibiotics when nonsurgical management of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma is considered.

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Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/2529085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Salu Rai ◽

Uday Narayan Yadav ◽

Narayan Dutt Pant ◽

Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽

Prem Prasad Tripathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Wound Swab ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples.Staphylococcus aureus(99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated andPseudomonas aeruginosa(44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% ofS. aureusisolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria.Staphylococcus aureusfollowed byPseudomonas aeruginosawere the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

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Resistance of gram negative bacteria in hospital acquired pneumonia: a prospective study

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 113-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farzaneh Dehghan ◽

Nader Zolghadri ◽

Vahid Boostani ◽

Afsaneh Shafii ◽

Tasnim Eghbal Eftekhaari

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Hospital Acquired

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Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University ◽

10.14500/aro.10864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Al-Naqshbandi ◽

Hedy A. Hassan ◽

Mahmoud A. Chawsheen ◽

Haval H. Abdul Qader

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Wound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients’ debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification via VITEK 2 compact system were investigated in this study. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, while pathogenic gram positive bacteria accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic gram negative bacteria in wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds.

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The Association Between Empirical Antibiotic Treatment and Mortality in Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: A Prospective Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciy371 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yael Zak-Doron ◽

Yael Dishon Benattar ◽

Iris Pfeffer ◽

George L Daikos ◽

Anna Skiada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Empirical Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Severe Infections ◽

A Prospective Study

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Parameters influencing the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological malignancy: a prospective study

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkz248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 2676-2680 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicolas Benech ◽

Oana Dumitrescu ◽

Anne Conrad ◽

Marie Balsat ◽

Etienne Paubelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Febrile Neutropenia ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Haematological Malignancy ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Prolonged Infusion ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Gram Negative ◽

A Prospective Study

Abstract Objectives To assess population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of both piperacillin and tazobactam in neutropenia patients and examine dosage requirements related to the MIC distribution for Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methods We conducted a prospective study including adult haematological malignancy patients with febrile neutropenia receiving piperacillin/tazobactam as short (30 min) or prolonged (4 h) intravenous infusions. Concentration data were analysed using a population approach. Dosing simulations with the final model investigated factors influencing the PK/PD of piperacillin/tazobactam quantified by fT>MIC or PTA for piperacillin and tazobactam, respectively. In parallel, the local MIC distribution of β-lactams was documented for Gram-negative bacteria involved in BSIs. Results Over 10 months, 31 patients were enrolled, with 11 (35.5%) short and 20 (64.5%) prolonged infusion regimens. A one-compartment model adequately described the data for both drugs. Prolonged infusion, increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values and renal function impairment were associated with increased piperacillin fT>MIC. For patients with normal or augmented renal CL, dosing regimens q8h or q6h with 30 min of infusion were insufficient to achieve acceptable PTA for piperacillin/tazobactam at the median MIC value of 8 mg/L. Prolonged infusion of large doses was associated with the best PTA for both piperacillin and tazobactam. Conclusions In a population of haematological malignancy patients with neutropenia, renal function and ALP influenced the PK of piperacillin/tazobactam. Prolonged intravenous infusion would optimize the PK of piperacillin/tazobactam, especially in the case of augmented renal CL and/or low-range bacterial susceptibility.

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