scholarly journals SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS AND PHENOTYPIC DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE FACTORS IN STRAINS OF NON-FERMENTING GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA – CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF WOUND INFECTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
RIA RIA – CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF WOUND INFECTIONS P
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals Survey of infection in orthopedic postoperative and their causative agents: a prospective study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Hallan Rodrigues Mendonça ◽  
Thaianne da Cunha Alves ◽  
Danilo Fernandes de Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Mauro Lopes da Silveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Type Of Surgery

SummaryObjective:to evaluate the cases of wound infections in orthopedic postoperative period.Methods:postoperative patients who developed infection during the period from November 2012 to November 2013 were studied. Secretions were collected during surgery using sterile swabs, and sent for microbiological analysis.Results:during the period analyzed, 38 surgical procedures progressed to infection. The type of surgery presenting the largest number of infections was osteosynthesis, in 36 (94.7%) patients. Among the materials used, 18 (36%) surgeries that used external fixator were infected, and 17 (34%) using plate. The species of bacteria that caused the largest number of infections were Staphylococcus aureus, infecting 16 (43.9%) patients, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, which infected four (10.5%) patients. Regarding the resistance profile of Gram-positive strains to antibiotics, 100% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were susceptible to vancomycin and 31.3%, to ceftriaxone. As for the Gram-negative bacteria, 100% of Acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistant to ceftriaxone, gentamicin and imipenem.Conclusion:infection control in the postoperative period is necessary, using antibiotics correctly and consciously, avoiding resistance of bacterial agents.

scholarly journals Current Pattern and Clinico-Bacteriological Profile of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) in an ICU Setting: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Govind Mawari ◽  
Saman Wasi ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Udbhav Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objective To understand the pattern and types of healthcare associated infections (HAI) at our healthcare facility, and to determine the common causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with HAI were enrolled and monitored; the causative organisms isolated on culture were recorded and their sensitivity profile was generated. Results Of the 100 patients diagnosed with HAI (mean age ± SD being 42 ± 17 years), there were a total of 110 hospital acquired infections with 10 patients having two infections each. Out of 100 patients with HAI, 69 patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 21 patients had catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) patients, and 20 patients had central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). There were 10 patients with both VAP and CAUTI. All of the HAIs were device associated. A total of 76 pathogens were isolated on culture. No organism was isolated in 40 HAI. Majority (94.7%) of the organisms isolated from HAIs were gram-negative bacteria and all were multidrug resistant. Seventy-seven of the enrolled patients expired while 23 were discharged from the hospital Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HAIs occur in patients of all age groups; younger patients are not spared. Majority of the HAIs were caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and were associated with high patient mortality. Acinetobacter species was the most common organism associated with HAI.

Determination of carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates using Cepheid Xpert Carba-R

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
N. I. Gabrielyan ◽  
V. G. Kormilitsyna ◽  
V. K. Zaletaeva ◽  
A. V. Krotevich ◽  
I. A. Miloserdov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Detection of carbapenem resistance genes is a critical issue for hospitals due to possible recommendations for infection control and targeted therapy. The Cepheid Xpert instrument, a Carba-R test for the detection and differentiation of five common carbapenemase genes, was tested from September 2020 to February 2021. As part of the approbation, 20 tests were provided. This review presents the results of the approbation of a relatively regular sensitivity study on Siemens WalkAway‑96 plus. Cepheid Xpert Carba-R analysis has been shown to be an accurate and fast tool for detecting colonization by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, which can help limit the spread of these organisms in hospitals.

The Bacteriological Profile of Burn Wound Infections at a Tertiary Burns Center in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojas Jyoti Singh Pujji ◽  
Kiran Kishor Nakarmi ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Shankar Man Rai ◽  
Steven Leonard Alexander Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Gram Negative

AbstractIn Nepal, burn is the third most common injury after falls and road traffic accidents. Infection is the leading cause of mortality in burn injury. A profile exploring predominant flora and antimicrobial sensitivity is important to facilitate treatment ahead of microbiology results and to aid prevention of multidrug-resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to document epidemiological and bacteriological data of burn wound infections at a tertiary level burns center in Nepal. Samples were collected from January 2017 to May 2017, over a period of 5 months. Patient notes were referred to and information regarding baseline characteristics and burn wound infection data was collected. A total of 76 patients were included in the study during the 5-month period, which resulted in 113 samples being included for review. Females were injured most with burns 70% (n = 53) compared with males 30% (n = 23). Only 6 (8%) of 77 patients lived locally in Kathmandu. The average distance traveled by patients was 233 km (median 208, range 0–765, SD 181). Average TBSA% of burn was 22% (median 20, range 3–50, SD 12). Gram-negative organisms predominated, with Acinetobacter spp. in 42 cases (55%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 26 cases (34%), and Enterobacter spp. in 16 cases (21%). Colistin, polymyxin B, and tigecycline were found to be most sensitive covering 108, 98, and 94 organisms. Gram-negative bacteria colonized the majority of burn wounds. Colistin, polymyxin B, and tigecycline were the most sensitive to gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive most to vancomycin and tigecycline.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Melaleuca cajuputi Essential Oil from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2203-2207
Author(s):  
TRAN QUOC TOAN ◽  
LAI PHUONG PHUONG THAO ◽  
NGUYEN QUYET CHIEN ◽  
NGUYEN THI HONG VAN ◽  
ÐOAN LAN PHUONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Bactericidal Agent

The essential oil of Melaleuca cajuputi was obtained by hydrodistillation method. This work aims to adopt water as a solvent in a batch process to extract essential oil from Melaleuca cajuputi fresh leaves. The leaves are collected from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Analysis of constituents was performed by GC/MS. The maximum yield ranged from 0.6 to 0.7%. Several compounds have been identified in high quantities and meaningful qualitative and quantitative differences have been observed under different conditions. The main components of the M. cajuputi essential oil included eucalyptol (27.512%), γ-terpinene (8.59%), terpinolene (9.047%), β-eudesmene (3.359%), α- selinene (3.889%), α-terpineol (4.108%), 1R-α-pinene (2.158%), caryophyllene (6.48%) and α-caryophyllene (3.522%). This study has confirmed that the essential oil of M. cajuputi essential oil is a promising bactericidal agent on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Comparative study of the beta-lactamase activity found in Achromobacter

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Levesque ◽  
Robert Letarte ◽  
Jean-Claude Pechère
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Chromosomal Origin ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A survey of 21 clinical isolates of Achromobacter species demonstrated a high level of β-lactamase activity in all strains tested. The β-lactamases were characterized by isoelectric focusing, purification by affinity chromatography, determination of molecular weight, immunological identity, and genetic analysis. At least three distinct patterns of β-lactamases were found in 19 strains. The kinetic values Km and Vmax measured by a microacidimetric method showed that all three types of enzymes are cephalosporinases and did not hydrolyse oxacillin, cloxacillin, and methicillin. Two of the three types of cephalosporinases studied, namely MULB 901 (isoelectric point (pI) 7.4) and MULB 905 (pI 9.3) are enzymes mediated by genes of chromosomal origin. The MULB 906 (pI 8.1) enzyme, however, which has been previously shown to be mediated by an 8.2 MDal nonconjugative plasmid, showed hydrolysis of cefoxitime, cefotaxin, and moxalactam by the bioassay. In all cases, β-lactamase synthesis appeared constitutive. This study confirms that β-lactamase activity is commonly found in Achromobacter and that these enzymes are different and of clinical interest when compared with those observed in other Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Contamination of an operating theatre by Gram-negative bacteria. Examination of water supplies, cleaning methods and wound infections

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mair E. M. Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Piper ◽  
Isobel M. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Cleaning Methods

SUMMARYThis paper describes a search for Gram-negative bacteria in an operating theatre and the steps taken to reduce the level of environmental contamination.A high rate of infection in clean wounds prompted a bacteriological survey. Potential sources of infection found, and the measures employed are described in the hope that others may be encouraged to examine familiar equipment critically and to improve hygiene even in old premises.The choice, design, use and care of cleaning and sterilizing equipment were open to criticism. In particular, a currently popular floor-scrubbing machine provided a breeding ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was distributing it in the theatre environment.

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