scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salu Rai ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽  
Prem Prasad Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples.Staphylococcus aureus(99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated andPseudomonas aeruginosa(44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% ofS. aureusisolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria.Staphylococcus aureusfollowed byPseudomonas aeruginosawere the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

scholarly journals Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Naqshbandi ◽  
Hedy A. Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud A. Chawsheen ◽  
Haval H. Abdul Qader
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Wound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients’ debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification via VITEK 2 compact system were investigated in this study. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, while pathogenic gram positive bacteria accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic gram negative bacteria in wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Fluoroquinolones Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253
Author(s):  
Lubna Swellmeen ◽  
Amal Uzrail ◽  
Rand Shahin ◽  
Yusuf AL-Hiari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fluoroquinolones are well known to have an anti-infective action. In the present study we described the synthesis of novel florouquinolones derivative as antimicrobial agent. The biological test highlighted a good inhibitory activity for the 7-Chloro-1-Alkyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derived synthons especially against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae). The binding interactions were monitored and could explain the good inhibitory activity of the synthesized derivatives of florouquinolones.

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa N-fenil-4-klorobenzamida

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Elok Dea Orens Ubung Wisnu ◽  
Indah Purnama Sary ◽  
Dwi Koko Pratoko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Crystal Shape ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Benzamide Derivatives

N-phenylbenzamide is benzamide derivatives, which is potential as an antibacterial agent. N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide is N-phenylbenzamide derivative that substitued by chloro to the para position and it was expected to enhance the antibacterial activity. N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide was synthesized by reacting 1,3-diphenyilthiourea and 4-chlorobenzoil chloride. This compound has been purified and provided 53% of product with crystal shape, white color, and melting point of 195-197 oC. The purification of this compound was confirmed by TLC and the structure was identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. This compound was tested for its activity against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, evaluated by well diffusion method and the result showed no activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.   Keywords: N-phenyl-4-chlorobenzamide, synthesis, antibacterial activity

Green Synthesis of Novel ethyl 3-amino-5-(methylthio)-4-(5-substituted phenyloxazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylate derivatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Satish M. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Synthesis of novel ethyl 3-amino-5-(methylthio)-4-(5-substituted phenyloxazol-2-yl) thiophene-2-carboxylate derivatives from 3-amino-4-carbamoyl-5-(methylthio)thiophene-2-carboxylate was carried out by traditional as well as microwave irradiation green protocol. Ethyl 3-amino-5-(methylthio)-4-(5-substituted phenyloxazol-2-yl) thiophene-2-carboxylate derivatives were screened for antimicrobial screening against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29737), gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Candida albicans (MTCC 277), Aspergillus niger (MCIM 545) fungi.

Antimicrobial Evaluation and Efficient Green Synthesis of 8-Substituted-2,5-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Aluminium Nitrate ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Hcl Gas ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

8-Substituted-2,5-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of 1-(2-furyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenone with six 5-substiuted-2-minobenzenethiols in dry ethanol saturated with dry HCl gas and also in the presence of aluminium nitrate as catalyst in dry ethanol. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral data comprising IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and mass studies. All these compounds have also been evaluated for their antimicrobial assay against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus, Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was found to be more significant than antibacterial activity.

Enhancement of photobactericidal activity of chlorin-e6-cellulose nanocrystals by covalent attachment of polymyxin B

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 6953-6962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Le Guern ◽  
Tan-Sothea Ouk ◽  
Karine Grenier ◽  
Nicolas Joly ◽  
Vincent Lequart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Following light irradiation, a new nanomaterial, elaborated from CNCs, chlorin-e6 and polymyxin B, demonstrated efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis).

scholarly journals Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern: A 5-Year Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Biagio Santella ◽  
Enrica Serretiello ◽  
Anna De Filippis ◽  
Folliero Veronica ◽  
Domenico Iervolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common infections in humans. It is estimated that 2.74 million deaths worldwide occur each year due to LRTIs. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of microorganisms isolated from respiratory samples of patients with LRTIs. Between January 2015 and December 2019, a total of 7038 sputum and bronchoaspirate samples from suspected LRTI patients were collected. Among them, 2753 samples (39.1%) showed significant microbial growth on culture media. The LRTI rate was higher in patients with male gender (67.1%) and with age between 40–59 years (48.6%). The microorganism identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed with Vitek 2. Out of 4278 isolates species, 3102 (72.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria, 1048 (24.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria, and 128 (3.0%) were Candida spp. Major microorganisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii (18.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%). In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were mostly resistant to Penicillin G (84.1%) and Oxacillin (48.1%), whereas they demonstrated maximum sensitivity to Tigecycline (100%) and Linezolid (99.5%). Among Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii showed maximum sensitivity to Colistin but was resistant to other antibiotics (95–99%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were mostly resistant to Cefotaxime (72.7%) and sensitive to Gentamicin (54.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to Ciprofloxacin (40.3%) and sensitive to Amikacin (85.9%). Gram-negative bacteria represented the species most commonly isolated. A high rate of antimicrobial resistance was observed in this study. In conclusion, the correct identification of causative microorganisms and their susceptibility patterns to antibiotics is crucial for choosing targeted and effective antibiotic therapy in LRTIs, and to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Activity in vitro of NDV ZG1999HDS in Comparison to NDV La Sota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bratko Filipič ◽  
Lidija Gradišnik ◽  
Adriana Pereyra ◽  
Hrvoje Mazija
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Mutants

ABSTRACT. The immunotherapies, as a modern therapeutic approach, get an attention because of theirs’ promise to treat a large number of different medical disorders. Immunomodulation effects of low titres (10 HA/ml) of NDV (Newcastle Disease Virus) ZG1999HDS or La Sota were tested on TLT (Human macrophage cell line) bound to PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells). During the immunomodulation, the amount of NO, H2O2, lysozym and induced antibacterial activity against Gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus mutants) and against Gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter baumanii) were analysed. In addition, the cytokine secretion, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-α were evaluated. Firstly, the TLT cells are activated through the NDV ZG1999HDS or La Sota binding, followed by the NO “burst” and H2O2 and lysozyme level increase. Secondly, after the binding to the TLT cells and interaction with the PBMCs, the decrease of GM-CSF, and an increase of TNF – α and IFN – γ were found. Simultaneously, the decrease of pro – inflammatory cytokine IFN-α and the differentially increase of IL-1α, IL-2 and IL-4 were recorded. During the induction of the antibacterial response, against Gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus mutants) the effect was one third higher with NDV ZG1999HDS compared to La Sota. Antibacterial response against Gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Acinetobacter baumanii) was not so clear. In general, NDV ZG1999HDS or La Sota activated TLT cells, further bound to PBMC; the ZG1999HDS is stronger immunomodulator than La Sota.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Studies of L-749,345 in Comparison with Imipenem and Ceftriaxone against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 2365-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Odenholt ◽  
Elisabeth Löwdin ◽  
Otto Cars
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Postantibiotic Effect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACT L-749,345 is a new parenteral carbapenem with a very long half-life similar to that of ceftriaxone. The aim of the present study was to investigate different pharmacodynamic parameters of L-749,345 in comparison with those of ceftriaxone and imipenem. The following studies were performed: (i) comparative studies of the MICs of L-749,345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone for 70 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; (ii) comparative studies of the rate of killing of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by L-749,345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone; (iii) studies of the postantibiotic effects of L-749,345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone; and (iv) studies of the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of L-749,345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone. Significantly lower MICs of L-749,345 compared with those of ceftriaxone were found for all gram-negative organisms except Haemophilus influenzae. The MICs of L-749,345 were similar to those of imipenem for all organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, for which the MICs of L-749,345 were higher. A concentration-dependent killing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus but not methicillin-susceptible strains was noted for both L-749,345 and imipenem. All three of the investigated drugs exhibited a postantibiotic effect against the gram-positive strains but exhibited no postantibiotic effect against the gram-negative strains.

Bioactive compounds isolated from submerged fermentations of the Chilean fungus Stereum rameale

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Aqueveque ◽  
Carlos Leonardo Céspedes ◽  
José Becerra ◽  
Marcelo Dávila ◽  
Olov Sterner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

Abstract Liquid fermentations of the fungus Stereum rameale (N° 2511) yielded extracts with antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity reached its peak after 216 h of stirring. Bioassay-guided fractionation methods were employed for the isolation of the bioactive metabolites. Three known compounds were identified: MS-3 (1), vibralactone (2) and vibralactone B (3). The three compounds showed antibacterial activity as a function of their concentration. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of compound 1 against Gram-positive bacteria were as follows: Bacillus cereus (50 μg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (10 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (100 μg/mL). Compounds 2 and 3 were active only against Gram-negative bacteria. The MBC of compound 2 against Escherichia coli was 200 μg/mL. Compound 3 inhibited significantly the growth of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MBC values of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively.

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