Family history of cardiovascular disease and non-HDL cholesterol in prepubescent non-obese children

Summary Objective: To describe the values of non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-c) and the frequency of a family history of early cardiovascular disease (family HCVD) in healthy prepubescent children. Analyze the association between NHDL-c and family HCVD, and possible associations with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Method: Cross-sectional study including 269 prepubescent (aged 6-10 years) schoolchildren with a normal body mass index (+1SD<BMI>-2SD). Data collected: Family HCVD; weight and height, waist circumference and systemic blood pressure; lipid profile (total cholesterol TC, HDL-c, triglycerides and LDL-c), NHDL-c calculation (CT-HDL-c, cut-off = 145 mg/dL) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: High levels were found for NHDL-c in 10 (3.7%) of these schoolchildren, and family early HCVD was found in 46 (17.1%) of them. There was a weak association between family HCVD and NHDL-c (Cramer’s-V-test = 0.120; p=0.050). Among the children with NHDL-c≥145 mg/dL, 4 (40%) have family HCVD. The presence of family HCVD was not associated with the variables being studied. The variables independently associated with NHDL-c ≥ 145 mg/dL were: HOMA-IR (OR=1.7; 95CI 1.1-2.6) and diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.1; 95CI 1.02-1.2). Conclusion: NHDL-c values were associated with blood pressure and insulin resistance. Family HCVD was not associated with other classic risk factors for CVD, even though the frequency found was five times higher than that of high NHDL-c.

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Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors Among Employees of Sindh Government; A Cross Sectional Survey from Karachi, Pakistan

The International Journal of Frontier Sciences ◽

10.37978/tijfs.v3i2.52 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Madiha Shafi ◽

Humaira Mehmood ◽

Saeed Afsar ◽

Zoaib Raza Bokhari ◽

Saleem Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Life Style ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Sedentary Life Style

Abstract: Introduction: Globally it is documented that CVD has multi-factorial aetiology and many factors like increased BMI, hypertension (HTN), stress and diabetes determine the risk of CVD. The prevalence of risk factors for cardio vascular disease (CVD) is on increase in the developing nations of the world. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among employees of Sindh Government in Karachi, Pakistan.Method: It was hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 150 subjects (govt employees of Sindh Government) were interviewed by using consecutive sampling technique. Data on serum cholesterol, BMI, blood pressure, history of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases was collected, in addition to demographic data. Results: Out of 150 subjects interviewed, 20.6% reported to have CVD. The most prevalent risk factor was hypertension, found in 58% respondents. Other risk factors were diabetes (45%), sedentary life style (50%), obesity (28%), dyslipidaemia (30%), smoking (20%), positive family history (26%). In 6% of subjects, three major risk factors were present. The risk factors, strongly associated with CVD in our study were diabetes (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.001) and family history of CVD (p<0.02). There is strong association of increasing age on risk of developing CVD (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that there is high frequency of CVD risk factors in employees of health department in Karachi. The high prevalence of risk factors, especially hypertension, sedentary life style, obesity and diabetes should be of great concern.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among School Going Children of Dhaka City

Bangladesh Journal of Child Health ◽

10.3329/bjch.v29i3.6184 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 99-103

Author(s):

AFM Mizanur Rahman ◽

Ainun Afroze ◽

MN Islam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Dhaka City ◽

General Belief ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Despite general belief that hypertension is a disease of adulthood, children and adolescents can also suffer from the condition and may remain unnoticed because of lack of routine measurement of blood pressure. Hypertension in children in Bangladesh has not been well studied. Hence a study was conducted among 6-16 year-old school children of Dhaka city to find out the pattern of blood pressure (BP), prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in this age group.In this cross sectional study, 1995 apparently healthy children of specified age group were systematically sampled from 6 purposively selected schools in Dhaka city. Their BP were measured methodically under ideal situation. On the same day, their anthropometry were also done by taking height and weight. All of them were given a questionnaire to take home for filling up the family history of hypertension, education, occupation and monthly income of their parents. Those who had BP above 95th centile on three occasions with an interval of two weeks, were diagnosed as hypertensive.Among the 1995 children, male female ratio was 1:1. There were 127-238 children in each single-year age category. Most of their fathers were service holders with 10-14 years of education. Mean systolic BP (SBP) ranged from 88.6 to 113.5 mm Hg, and mean diastolic BP (DBP) from 55.3 to 74.2 mm Hg. Girls had both SBP and DBP more than boys of same age category.Both SBP and DPB have linear relationship with age. There was significant increment in both the systolic and diastolic BP among the female children from 9 to 10 years of age. Similar sudden increment of only systolic blood pressure was seen from 13 to 14 year old male children.This study showed that prevalence of hypertension in school going children of Dhaka city was 0.55% and there was a significant relationship of hypertension with the obesity and family history of hypertension. Among the 11 hypertensive children, 9 (81.8%) had either of the two risk factors, odds ratio (95% CI) being 15.37 (3.31 - 71.37). Key words: Hypertension; school going children. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v29i3.6184 Bangladesh J Child Health 2005; Vol 29 (3): 82-87

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Riwayat Hipertensi Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Dominan Hipertensi pada Remaja Kelas XI SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok Tahun 2017

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v46i1.41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Annisa Nursita Angesti ◽

Triyanti Triyanti ◽

Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Include Blood Pressure ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Diet And Lifestyle

AbstractNutritional status changes, diet, and lifestyle are risk factors adolescent’s hypertension. This study isa cross sectional research to determine the most dominant factor of hypertension among adolescentsat SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok 2017. Collected data include blood pressure, nutritional status (BMI forage), intake nutrients (sodium, potassium, calcium, fat, fruits and vegetables consumption), lifestyle(sleep duration, stress, and physical activity), and adolescent characteristics (sex and family historyof hypertension). Blood pressure was measured using mercury sphygmomanometer, nutritional statuswith anthropometry, nutrient intake with Semi Quantitative FFQ, lifestyle and characteristics withquestionnaire. The study showed that 42.4% of adolescents had hypertension (≥95 percentile). Factorsassociated with hypertension were BMI for age and family history of hypertension. The most dominantfactor associated with hypertension was family history of hypertension. Education on genetic relatedrisk factors of hypertension such as genetic counseling through Health School Program was needed forprevent adolescent’s hypertension, so that students with a family history of hypertension may be moreconcerned about other risk factors such as nutritional status.Keywords : adolescent, family history of hypertension, hypertension AbstrakPerubahan status gizi, pola makan dan gaya hidup pada remaja merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi remaja.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional untuk mengetahui faktor dominan hipertensi padaremaja di SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok tahun 2017. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi tekanan darah, statusgizi (IMT/U), asupan zat gizi (natrium, kalium, kalsium, lemak, konsumsi buah dan sayur), pola hidup(durasi tidur, stres, aktivitas fisik), dan karakteristik remaja (jenis kelamin dan riwayat hipertensi keluarga).Tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sfigmomanometer air raksa, status gizi dengan antropometri,asupan zat gizidengan Semi Quantitative FFQ, pola hidup dan karakteristik dengan kuesioner. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 42,4% remaja SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok mengalami hipertensi(≥95 persentil). Terdapat hubungan IMT/U dan riwayat hipertensi keluarga pada hipertensi remajanya.Faktor dominan yang paling berhubungan dengan hipertensi pada remaja di SMA Sejahtera 1 Depoktahun 2017 adalah riwayat hipertensi keluarga. Diperlukan edukasi seperti kegiatan konseling genetikmelalui UKS (Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah) tentang faktor risiko riwayat hipertensi keluarga sebagaipencegahan hipertensi remaja, sehingga bagi siswa yang memiliki riwayat hipertensi keluarga dapat lebihmemperhatikan faktor risiko lainnya seperti status gizi.Kata kunci: hipertensi, remaja, riwayat hipertensi keluarga

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Children and Adolescents With Depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.702737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Daphne J. Korczak ◽

Kristin Cleverley ◽

Catherine S. Birken ◽

Tony Pignatiello ◽

Farid H. Mahmud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

History Of

Aim: To examine CVD risk factors among children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).Methods: A cross-sectional study of 77 children and adolescents (mean age 14.1 years, 74% female) referred to a pediatric depression program. MDD was assessed using a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Cardiovascular assessments included family cardiovascular disease (CVD) history, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid and glucose concentrations. CVD risk factors among healthy weight and overweight/obese participants were compared.Results: Forty-six percent of participants had a family history of early CVD. On examination, 25% of participants had a BMI in overweight/obese range, and 25% of children had pre-hypertension (14%) or hypertension (11%). Total cholesterol levels were elevated among 28% of participants. Overweight/obese participants had increased non-HDL cholesterol concentrations compared with healthy-weight participants (36 vs. 10%, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between healthy and overweight/obese groups for other CVD risk factors, including HDL cholesterol concentration, plasma glucose concentration, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and family history of early CVD. More than half (52%) of participants had at least two CVD risk factors.Conclusion: CVD risk factors are prevalent among children and adolescents with MDD. Routine CVD risk factor screening may be warranted among MDD youth, regardless of BMI, and may provide a valuable opportunity for prevention of future CVD.

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Predictors of hypertension among rural people of western Maharashtra: a multivariate analysis

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3825

Author(s):

Anup L. Kharde ◽

Rutuja M. Phulambrikar ◽

Jayant D. Deshpande ◽

Varsha N. Mahavarkar ◽

Amruta A. Kharde

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

High Salt ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Salt Intake ◽

History Of

Background: Hypertension causes morbidity as well as increases mortality either by acting independently or by affecting multiple organ system. Risk factors of hypertension are categorized as modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors. Early identification of these risk factors is not only essential for prediction of hypertension and but also to reduce effect associated with it.Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at field practice area of tertiary care teaching hospital of western Maharashtra. Total 1537 sample sized was achieved using systematic random sampling technique. All the village individuals, both male and female, over 18 years of age were included in the study whereas, pregnant women, extremely debilitated persons and subjects who were not willing to give informed consent were excluded. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: In present study the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 11.49% (117). On regression analysis risk factors like age, BMI, high salt intake, family history of blood pressure etc., were found to be associated with hypertension.Conclusions: The present study showed a higher prevalence of both hypertension among the rural population and risk factors such as age, obesity, elite social class, high salt intake, family history of blood pressure were the predictors of the hypertension.

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Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» ◽

10.25557/0031-2991.2018.03.37-43 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

В.В. Шерстнев ◽

М.А. Грудень ◽

В.П. Карлина ◽

В.М. Рыжов ◽

А.В. Кузнецова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

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The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1573406416666200611104143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽

Abdullah Shehab ◽

Anhar Ullah ◽

Jamal Rahmani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Middle East ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

History Of

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the Middle Eastern population. Several epidemiological studies have assessed CVD and its risk factors in terms of the primary prevention of CVD in the Middle East. Therefore, summarizing the information from these studies is essential. Aim: We conducted a systematic review to assess the prevalence of CVD and its major risk factors among Middle Eastern adults based on the literature published between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Embase and Google Scholar to identify literature published from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. All the original articles that investigated the prevalence of CVD and reported at least one of the following factors were included: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of CVD. To summarize CVD prevalence, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 potentially relevant articles were included, and 32 were included in the meta-analysis (n=191,979). The overall prevalence of CVD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1-14.3%, p<0.001) in the Middle East. A high prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (43.3%; 95% CI: 21.5-68%), hypertension (26.2%; 95% CI: 19.6-34%) and diabetes (16%; 95% CI: 9.9-24.8%), was observed. The prevalence rates of other risk factors, such as smoking (12.4%; 95% CI: 7.7-19.4%) and family history of CVD (18.7%; 95% CI: 15.4-22.5%), were also high. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD is high (10.1%) in the Middle East. The burden of dyslipidaemia (43.3%) in this region is twice as high as that of hypertension (26.2%) and diabetes mellitus (16%). Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed for the primary prevention of CVD in this region.

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High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01156-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽

Christoph Buck ◽

Monica Hunsberger ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

Fabio Lauria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

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The impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factor

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v10i1.21294 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arun Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Action Plan ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

The World

Obesity has emerged as the most potential cardiovascular risk factor and has raised concern among public and their health related issues not only in developed but also in developing countries. The Worldwide obesity occurrence has almost has gone three times since 1975. Research suggests there are about 775 million obese people in the World including adult, children, and adolescents. Nearly 50% of the children who are obese and overweight in Asia in are below 5 years. There is a steep incline of childhood obesity when compared to 1971 which is not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. A considerable amount of weight gain occurs during the transition phase from adolescence to young adulthood. It is also suggested that those adultswho were obese in childhood also remained obese in their adulthood with a higher metabolic risk than those who became obese in their adulthood. In India, the urban Indian female in the age group of 30-45 years have emerged as an 〝at risk population” for cardiovascular diseases. To understand how obesity can influence cardiovascular function, it becomes immense important to understand the changes which can take place in adipose tissue due to obesity. There are two proposed concepts explaining the inflammatory status of macrophage. The predominant cause of insulin resistance is obesity. Epidemiological and research studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory state. It is becoming clear that targeting the pro-inflammatory pathwaymay provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent insulin resistance, particularly in obesity inducedinsulin resistance. Some cost effective interventions that are feasible by all and can be implemented even in low-resource settings includes - population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden. The sixth target in the Global NCD action plan is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25%. Reducing the incidence of hypertension by implementing population-wide policies to educe behavioral risk factors. Reducing cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a beneficial impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. A variety of lifestyle modifications have been shown, in clinical trials, to lower bloodpressure, includes weight loss, physical activity, moderation of alcohol intake, increased fresh fruit and vegetables and reduced saturated fat in the diet, reduction of dietary sodium intake, andincreased potassium intake. Also, trials of reduction of saturated fat and its partial replacement by unsaturated fats have improved dyslipidaemia and lowered risk of cardiovascular events. This initiative driven by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, State Governments, Indian Council of Medical Research and the World Health Organization are remarkable. The Government of India has adopted a national action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with specific targets to be achieved by 2025, including a 25% reduction inoverall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure and a 30% reduction in salt/sodium intake. In a nutshell increased BMI values can predict the nature of obesity and its aftermaths in terms inflammation and other disease associated with obesity. It’s high time; we must realize it and keep an eye on health status in order to live long and healthy life.

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Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02065 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 154 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽

Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽

Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽

Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽

Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

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