scholarly journals Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Sheila D. P. da Silva ◽  
Gracielle P. de Souza ◽  
Agnaldo R. de M. Chaves ◽  
Marcelle A. da Silva ◽  
Rafaela R. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Knowledge of how climatic conditions affect plant morphophysiology is essential for understanding how to manage the growth cycles of different crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the growing seasons in a semi-arid area on the morphophysiological variables of ornamental sunflower plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Six cultivars (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ and ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) were evaluated in the main plots and two different growing seasons (GS) in the subplots (GS1 - warm climate and GS2 - mild climate). Evaluations of gas exchange, chlorophyll indices, and leaf surface area were carried out at the reproductive stage (R5.5). The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers in semi-arid regions was significantly affected by the growing season. Changes in gas exchange variables and the morphophysiology of ornamental sunflower plants in the two growing seasons reflected the high phenotypic plasticity characteristic of this species. The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers under semi-arid conditions in the growing season, when air temperature and solar radiation are high, could be limited due to elevated transpiration rates. Therefore, it is recommended that they are grown mainly during the moderate climatic season in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽  
Silvino G. Moreira ◽  
Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽  
Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

scholarly journals Nutrient extraction and exportation by castor bean hybrid lyra

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Santana do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Extraction

Information about nutrient extraction and exportation by crops, as well as the periods of highest nutrient demand is important for an adequate fertilization management. However, there are no studies on the nutrient uptake of short-stature hybrid castor bean. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient extraction and exportation by short-stature castor bean hybrid Lyra, in the spring-summer and fall-winter growing seasons. The experiments were conducted in the 2005/2006 spring-summer and 2006 fall-winter growing seasons on an Oxisol, in Botucatu, SP, in a randomized block design, with four replications. The plots consisted of plant samplings, which occurred 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 97 and 120 days after emergence (DAE) in the spring-summer and 17, 31, 45, 59, 80, 100 and 120 DAE in fall-winter growing season. The growth of hybrid Lyra was slow and nutrient uptake lowest between emergence and the beginning of flowering. The period of highest dry matter (DM) accumulation rates and highest nutrient demand were observed 40 to 80 DAE, in both growing seasons. The order of nutrient extraction by the plants in the spring-summer growing season was: N>K>Ca>Mg>S>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu>Mo. In fall-winter, S was more absorbed than Mg. Seed yield was higher in the spring-summer (2.995 kg ha-1), but nutrient extraction and exportation per ton of seed were similar in both growing seasons. Around 58 % of N and 84 % of P, and approximately half of the S and B absorbed throughout the cycle were exported with the seeds. However, most of the other nutrients accumulated in the plants returned to the soil in plant residues.

scholarly journals Irrigation with saline water on pineapple grown in the semi-arid of bahia state

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes ◽  
Sergio Luiz Rodriguez Donato
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

We aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths with saline water on growth, yield, water-use efficiency, and fruit quality of ‘Pérola’ pineapple plant grown in the semi-arid of Bahia state. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments which represented the irrigation depths: 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with irrigation water of 0.75 dS m-1 in electrical conductivity (ECiw); and 50, 75,100, and 125% of ETc with water of 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw. Pineapples were grown under field conditions watered by drip irrigation in which pressure compensating emitters had 8 L h-1 flow rate. We observed that the irrigation depth 100% of ETc with water of 0.75 and 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw provides higher pineapple yields under the semi-arid conditions of this study, and the chemical quality of the fruits are up to commercial standards, except when applying 125% of ETc with water of 3.6 dS m-1 in ECiw.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular diversity among soybean cultivars as a function of growing season

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amilton Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Tuneo Sediyama ◽  
Éder Matsuo ◽  
Francisco Charles do Santos Silva ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The identification of divergence among cultivars adapted to specific soil and climatic conditions is of fundamental importance for the realization of promising hybridizations. This diversity can be accessed through phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity of soybean cultivars in the summer and winter from agromorphological traits and molecular markers. Two experiments were conducted, one in the summer (2011) and another in the winter (2012). The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Six widely grown cultivars were used and they showed striking differences in regards to morphological markers. The cultivars are: M 7211 RR, TMG 123 RR, TMG 1176 RR, M 7908 RR, TMG 127 RR and TMG 7188 RR. During the development of the plant, as well after harvesting were evaluated 18 traits. The DNA of six cultivars was amplified with 16 primers (microsatellite markers) flanking microsatellite regions in soybean located in sixteen of the twenty soybean linkage groups. Genetic dissimilarity between cultivars from agromorphological traits varies depending on the growing season. The molecular markers showed genetic variability between cultivars with different results for clusters formed from the agronomic characters. Thus, both phenotypic and the molecular data proved to beinformative tools to characterize the existing conflict between soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Some Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)Genotypes Growing under Semi-Arid Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Guendouz Ali ◽  
◽  
Hannachi Abderrahmane ◽  
Fellahi Zine El Abidine ◽  
Benalia Frih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Semi Arid

Breeders are permanently looking for an efficient method of developing genotypes with improved yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of some durum wheat genotypes, the study of the correlations between traits and the direct effect of each trait on final grain yield. Twenty genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were planted in the experimental fields of INRAA, Setif, Algeria in (2016 –2017) crop season. The genotypes tested were grown in a randomized block design with three replications. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) demonstrate the existence of genetic diversity between genotypes tested. In addition, significant and positive correlations were registered between grain yield (GY) and days to heading (DH), number of spikes per square meter (NSM) and number of kernels per spike (NKS). The path analysis (PA) demonstrates positive and significant direct effects of the number of spikes per square meter (NSM), thousand kernels weight (TKW) and number of kernels per spike (NKS) on grain yield. Overall, the results proved that the genotypes Rezzak, Ofanto and BIDI 17 have the best ranking with the highest grain yield, and these can be recommended as the best genotypes for some in this area. In addition, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) proved that the genotypes Rezzak, Bidi17, Ofanto, Kebir and Adnan 2 are very suitable genotypes for growing under semi-arid conditions.

scholarly journals Edaphoclimatic Conditions of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region Affect the Productivity and Composition of Sunflower Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Gisele Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Josemir Moura Maia ◽  
Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha Meneses ◽  
Marília Hortência Batista Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

It has been suggested that fatty acid balance in standard sunflower oil may be influenced by the genotype of the plant or by variation in environmental growth conditions. Therefore, this study analysed aspects of sunflower productivity and oil quality obtained from achenes of plants cultivated in a semi-arid environment, resulting from seed obtained from other regions with different edaphoclimatic characteristics. The experiment was conducted between February and May, in a Brazilian semi-arid area. At 90 days after sowing (DAS), the physiological maturation period, tissue was harvested, and the yield of plant green matter, oil and oil per hectare was evaluated. A comparative analysis of the oil content of achenes before and after planting (parental v progeny) was performed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design of 4 treatments (genotypes), Embrapa122, BRSG01, Helio253 and Helio250, and 4 replications, for a total of 16 experimental plots, with each plot constituting 8 plants. In this study, sunflowers were produced in the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region with biomasses, achenes and oil contents that were different from other crop productions in the country, providing the possibility of obtaining oil with a distinct chemical composition.

scholarly journals New Formulation of Clethodim/Adjuvant at Control of Grass Weeds for Soybean Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Alan Serafini Betto ◽  
Rafael Dysarz ◽  
Rafaela Cinelli ◽  
Rubens Antonio Polito ◽  
Tamara Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Control ◽  
New Formulation

The use of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides without the correct addition of an adjuvant is a major cause of inefficient poaceous weed control. As such, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of a new clethodim/adjuvant formulated mixture in postemergence weed control for soybean crops. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing seasons. A randomized block design, consisting of ten treatments with four repetitions, was used. The treatments and doses were: clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Lanzar® (0.5%), clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1) + Nimbus® (0.5%), clethodim/adjuvant formulation at doses of (84 g a.i. ha-1), (96 g a.i. ha-1), (108 g a.i. ha-1), (120 g a.i. ha-1), (132 g a.i. ha-1), and (144 g a.i. ha-1), and a control with and without weeding. The formulated clethodim/adjuvant mixture showed high control at 7 days after application (DAA) in the 2015/16 growing season. At 28 DAA, formulation doses of 108 g a.i. ha-1 and higher exhibited superior weed control and the highest crop yields. Therefore, the use of correct adjuvant or formulated mixture is essential to increase the efficiency of clethodim herbicide.

scholarly journals Industrial characteristics of sugarcane varieties under semi-arid conditions and different irrigation depths

2019 ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Polliana Basilia Santana, Ignacio Aspiazu ◽  
D.T. Pinheiro, M.F.F. Xeira, H.C. dos Santos Junior ◽  
Édio Luiz da Costa ◽  
Marcos Koiti Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Sugarcane quality for industry directly depends on irrigation, especially in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the technological performance for industry of six sugarcane varieties at five irrigation depths. Sugar-cane Brix and Pol%, juice Brix and Pol%, fiber, purity, reducing sugars and total sugars were evaluated 11 months after planting. The experiment was conducted in Brazil, in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais state. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a subdivided parcel scheme (6 x 5) and four repetitions. Different irrigation depths did not affected Brix. The cultivar RB83-5486 presented the highest value for juice Pol%, among the evaluated varieties. Juice Pol% and sugar-cane Pol% presented similar behavior, and displayed the highest values at the 1081 mm irrigation depth. In general, the analyzed varieties presented low fiber content. All the analyzed varieties surpassed 80% purity. The highest irrigation depths enhanced purity. The highest value was obtained at the 1081 mm depth. Decreased reducing sugars and increased total reducing sugars were observed at the highest depths and the highest accumulation was found at the 1081 mm depth. As conclusion for industrial characteristics, the irrigation presented potential to enhance the technological performance of sugarcane in semi-arid conditions. Considering the technological performance for industry, the cultivar RB83-5486 has good potential to be used under the studied conditions. When higher levels of fiber and reduced sugars are desired, lower irrigation depths are recommended.

scholarly journals Field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in different growing seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Tais Barbosa Becker ◽  
Michel Aldrighi Gonçalves ◽  
Leticia Vanni Ferreira ◽  
Luis Eduardo Correa Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Field Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Full Flowering

Since dependence on seedling importation has been a hindrance to strawberry farmers, production of national plants has become an alternative solution. This study aimed at evaluating the field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in a low tunnel system in different early growing seasons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Clima Temperado in 2015 and 2016 in a randomized block design, composed of a 4x3 factorial, four cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) and three growing seasons (March 16th, April 1st and April 16th). For all seasons, the cultivation was until November 30 in 2015 and October 31 in 2016. The following variables were determined: beginning and full blooming, beginning and length of harvest; number of fruits; mean fruit mass; and fresh mass per plant throughout early and total production. The cultivar Aromas presents lower flowering uniformity among plants (difference between beginning and full flowering) according to the two years of evaluation.  Potted strawberry seedlings planted until early April 1st - Season 2 in Pelotas, RS, allow high early production, with production above 400 grams per plant. The cultivar Camarosa when planted on March 16 or April 1 had total yield per plant above 800 grams. All cultivars under study (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) have better plant development and higher total yield gains in years with higher temperature and lower rainfall in the initial phase and good rainfall distribution over the growing season. (2015) than in years with most frequent precipitation and lower temperature in the initial phase and poor rainfall distribution over the growing season (2016).

scholarly journals Physalis development according to the growing season in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Natália dos Santos Barroso ◽  
Josandra Souza Teles Fonseca ◽  
Marilza Neves do Nascimento ◽  
Claudinéia Regina Pelacani
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The Physalis ixocarpa species has an interesting performance in hot and dry regions. However, there has been a lack of information about the influence of edaphoclimatic conditions, during the growing period, on the physical and physicochemical characteristics of the fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of ‘purple' and ‘green' fruits of the P. ixocarpa species, according to the growing season, in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme (variety x growing season x fruit maturation stages), with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: color, fresh weight, length, diameter and total soluble solids contents of the fruits. The changes in the characteristics of the fruits follow the same tendency during maturation, for both evaluated varieties, with the best characteristics being observed when the calyx is green, with dry parts, completely expanded and ruptured. The growing season has a significant effect on the characteristics of the fruits, with May to August presenting the best environmental conditions for growing in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state.

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