Edaphoclimatic Conditions of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region Affect the Productivity and Composition of Sunflower Oil

It has been suggested that fatty acid balance in standard sunflower oil may be influenced by the genotype of the plant or by variation in environmental growth conditions. Therefore, this study analysed aspects of sunflower productivity and oil quality obtained from achenes of plants cultivated in a semi-arid environment, resulting from seed obtained from other regions with different edaphoclimatic characteristics. The experiment was conducted between February and May, in a Brazilian semi-arid area. At 90 days after sowing (DAS), the physiological maturation period, tissue was harvested, and the yield of plant green matter, oil and oil per hectare was evaluated. A comparative analysis of the oil content of achenes before and after planting (parental v progeny) was performed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design of 4 treatments (genotypes), Embrapa122, BRSG01, Helio253 and Helio250, and 4 replications, for a total of 16 experimental plots, with each plot constituting 8 plants. In this study, sunflowers were produced in the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region with biomasses, achenes and oil contents that were different from other crop productions in the country, providing the possibility of obtaining oil with a distinct chemical composition.

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Nutrient support via fertigation with domestic effluent and growth of cotton

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1135

Author(s):

Francisco Gonçalo Filho ◽

Miguel Ferreira Neto ◽

Cleyton dos Santos Fernandes ◽

Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽

Nildo da Silva Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Arid Environment ◽

Domestic Sewage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Phosphate Fertilization ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Domestic Effluent ◽

Semi Arid

Because of climatic problems in the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is of fundamental importance to seek a culture that considers water scarcity and available natural resources. Thus, a randomized block design, with subdivided plots and six replications, was carried out in the experimental area of the treatment and wastewater reuse station of the Milagres Settlement, Apodi, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating cultivation of herbaceous cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum) fertigated with domestic sewage treated in a semi-arid environment. Two cultivation cycles were carried out, and the cotton plants were fed with three different solutions containing treated domestic sewage (TDE) plus supply water (PSW), to supply the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (100% PSW – control, 50% PSW + 50% TDE and 100% TDE), with and without phosphate fertilization in pre-planting. The contribution of nutrients to the soil and plant growth were analyzed. The results indicated that the wastewater presents potential fertilizer, reaching to the soil amounts of some nutrients exceeding the cotton’s needs, when 100% of the ETc was supplied via fertigation with domestic effluent, resulting in an increase in the growth rates of the plants. There was no interaction between the percentages of wastewater and phosphate fertilization in pre-planting. Phosphorus alone promoted significant variation only in the first cycle, indicating that there is a residual fertigation effect with domestic effluent on the nutrient supply.

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In situ degradability of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre of thorn scrubland forage consumed by goats in the semi-arid region of north Mexico

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800090366 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 505-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. A. S. Juárez ◽

E. R. Montoya ◽

C. G. Nevarez ◽

S. M. A. Cerrillo ◽

F. L. Mould

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Wet Season ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

AbstractThree goats provided with oesophageal and ruminal cannulae were used to determine variations in dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of the forage consumed when grazing thorn scrubland in the semi-arid region of north Mexico, during two consecutive dry and wet periods. Ingesta samples were incubated intraruminally, the data were fitted to the exponential equation P = a + b (l - e-ct) and statistically analysed using a randomized-block design. Organic matter and crude protein (CP) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Values of NDF were similar in dry and wet season of both years whereas higher numerical values of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose were registered in the dry seasons. DM and NDF degradabilities after 24 and 48 h of ruminal incubation were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Higher values (P < 0.05) in DM and NDF bag losses at zero time (A fraction) were registered in the two wet seasons. The insoluble but fermentable DM and NDF (B fractions) were higher (P < 0.05) in the 1999 wet season and variable in the rest of the studied period. Numerically higher values of DM and NDF c fraction were found in wet periods, whereas DM and NDF potential degradabilities were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet season in 1999 and similar across seasons in 2000. Lowest (P < 0.05) contents of CP in grazed forage, DM and NDF degradabilities after 48 h of ruminal incubation, and A, and B, and c fractions were observed in the dry seasons. Thus, these results may be related to both the lower feeding value of forage consumed by the animals and lower performance of livestock during this period. Then, the DM and NDF degradability after 48 h, together with the insoluble but fermentable matter and the c fraction permit the nutritive value of the forage consumed by grazing goats to be accurately described.

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Phenology and production of guava tree cv. “Paluma” pruned at different seasons in Mossoro – RN, Brazil.

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v10i3.2202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 376-383

Author(s):

Wagner César Farias ◽

Francisco Mickael Medeiros Câmara ◽

Eduardo Castro Pereira ◽

José Maria Costa ◽

Gustavo Alves Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Market Price ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

Agronomical Traits ◽

Semi Arid

The pruning allows fruit harvest in different periods, according to the grower decision, being economically viable. The harvest can be scheduled according to the agronomical traits and due to the market price. The experiment was conducted in the didactic orchard of the Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), from April 2013 to December 2014, in the municipality of Mossoro-RN. It was carried out in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split-plot, which were composed by pruning periods, conducted in April (2013), November (2013) and July (2014). The subplots consisted of pruning intensities (short, medium and long); with four repetitions, where the experimental unit consisted of two plants that was pruned with 8 marked branches. From pruning to harvest, the the following botanical characteristics were evaluated in the marked branches: number of emitted sprouts by branches pruned at the day 15th (NBE); number of established branches by branches pruned at the day 50th (NRE); number of productive branches (NRP); vegetative number (VRN) and the total number of fruits (NFT). The evaluated characteristics presented a significant effect. The long pruning resulted in a higher number of fruits for all evaluated seasons. The best months for pruning was November and July. The guava tree ‘Paluma’ cycle, from pruning to harvest can vary according to the period of pruning, with 132 days in July and 150 days in April. durando entre 132 em julho a 150 dias em abril.

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Photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and organic fertilization

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n5p338-343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 338-343

Author(s):

Cleiton F. B. Brito ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Alessandro de M. Arantes ◽

Paulo E. R. Donato ◽

João A. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the photochemical efficiency of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and bovine manure doses in the semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 7 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four doses of organic fertilization (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure), the second one, of three spacings (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and the third one of seven reading times (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 h). Chlorophyll a fluorescence readings were taken in cactus pear cladodes in the dry and rainy seasons using a pulse-modulated fluorometer. Cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacings and bovine manure doses undergo changes in photosystem II during the dry season under the physiographic conditions of the semi-arid region in Bahia. During the rainy season in the semi-arid region, the photosynthetic yield in cactus pear cladodes is considered ideal.

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Morphophysiology of Eggplant Irrigated With Wastewater and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Doses in the Semi-arid Region of Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Manoel Moisés Ferreira de Queiroz ◽

Mariana de Oliveira Pereira ◽

Thiago Cândido dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Water is a scarce resource in semi-arid regions, therefore, the correct water management is an essential practice. In this research we evaluated the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and treated wastewater on the growth and morphophysiology of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in Pombal, Paraíba, Brazil, using a randomized block design, in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme: wastewater with four nitrogen doses (N1 = 0.22; N2 = 0.39; N3 = 0.56; and N4 = 0.73 g N dm-3) and four doses of phosphorus (P1 = 0.96; P2 = 1.68; P3 = 2.40; and P4 = 3.12 g P dm-3), and the controls – distilled water fertilized with 0.56 g of N dm-3 and distilled water fertilized with 2.40 g of P dm-3. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. The nitrogen and phosphorous interaction did not influence the growth and physiological aspects of eggplant plants. Excess growing media nitrogen significantly decreased gaseous exchanges of eggplant plants, being found decreased of 4.4 μmol m-2 s-1 the CO2 assimilation.

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Nutritional status of jatropha under cattle manure and natural phosphate in rainfed conditions

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1028-1034 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1028-1034

Author(s):

Rosiane L. S. de Lima ◽

Carlos A. V. de Azevedo ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

Genelicio S. Carvalho Júnior ◽

Jairo O. Cazetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Natural Phosphate ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rainfed Conditions ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACTThere is little information on the technical recommendation of fertilization for jatropha in the semi-arid region. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of jatropha plants fertilized with cattle manure and natural phosphate under rainfed conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, with three replicates, arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to 4 doses of cattle manure (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) and 4 doses of natural phosphate (0, 250, 500 and 750 kg ha-1). The application of 8 t ha-1 of cattle manure, in isolation or associated with 500 kg ha-1 of natural phosphate, promotes adequate conditions to obtain jatropha plants with sufficient levels (g kg-1) of N (29.8), P (5.1), K (33.8), Ca (17.1), Mg (14.0) and S (2.6) and micronutrients (Cu = 8.0 and Mn = 94.4 mg kg-1) in its leaf tissue.

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Physalis development according to the growing season in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state, Brazil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4854173 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Natália dos Santos Barroso ◽

Josandra Souza Teles Fonseca ◽

Marilza Neves do Nascimento ◽

Claudinéia Regina Pelacani

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Growing Season ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growing Period ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The Physalis ixocarpa species has an interesting performance in hot and dry regions. However, there has been a lack of information about the influence of edaphoclimatic conditions, during the growing period, on the physical and physicochemical characteristics of the fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of ‘purple' and ‘green' fruits of the P. ixocarpa species, according to the growing season, in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme (variety x growing season x fruit maturation stages), with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: color, fresh weight, length, diameter and total soluble solids contents of the fruits. The changes in the characteristics of the fruits follow the same tendency during maturation, for both evaluated varieties, with the best characteristics being observed when the calyx is green, with dry parts, completely expanded and ruptured. The growing season has a significant effect on the characteristics of the fruits, with May to August presenting the best environmental conditions for growing in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state.

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ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E CRESCIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CAJUEIRO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROLINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n1p169-183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 169-183

Author(s):

Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro De Fátima ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Physiological Indices ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Quality Water ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

E Mail ◽

Semi Arid

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E CRESCIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CAJUEIRO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROLINA LEANDRO DE PÁDUA SOUZA1; REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE2; HANS RAJ GHEYI1; REYNALDO TEODORO DE FATIMA1; GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA1 E GENILSON LIMA DINIZ3 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail:. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia (DCT), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido. Centro Multidisciplinar de Caraúbas, BR 233, km 01, Sítio Esperança II, Zona rural, Caraúbas - RN, CEP 59780-000. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Jairo Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Pereiros, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail. [email protected] 1 RESUMO Na região semiárida a baixa disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade tem se tornado um sério problema para expansão da agricultura, sendo necessário o uso de água com teores elevados de sais. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os índices fisiológicos e crescimento de clones de cajueiro submetidos à diferentes salinidades da água e aplicação exógena de prolina. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação em delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuídos em fatorial 5 x 4 x 2, correspondente a cinco níveis de condutividades elétricas da água - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1), quatro concentrações de prolina - CP (0; 4; 8 e 12 mM) e dois clones de cajueiro (CCP 76 e Faga 11) com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A irrigação com água salina limita os índices fisiológicos dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro, no entanto, a CEa de até 2,3 dS m-1 promoveu reduções aceitáveis de menos de 10% nestas variáveis. O clone CCP 76 se destacou apresentando maior alocação de fitomassa seca de folha. A aplicação de prolina na concentração de 7,4 mM promoveu maior alocação de fitomassa seca de caule dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro irrigados com águas salinas. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale L., escassez hídrica, atenuante SOUZA, L. de P; NOBRE, R. G; GHEYI, H. R; FATIMA, R. T. de; LIMA, G. S. de; DINIZ, G. L. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES AND GROWTH OF CASHEW CLONES UNDER SALT STRESS AND PROLINE APPLICATION 2 ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region, the low availability of good quality water has become a serious problem for the expansion of agriculture, requiring the use of water with high levels of salts. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological indices and growth of cashew clones subjected to different salinity of water and exogenous application of proline. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design, distributed in a factorial 5 x 4 x 2, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of the water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1), four proline concentrations - PC (0; 4; 8 and 12 mM) and two cashew clones (CCP 76 and Faga 11) with three replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation with saline water limits the physiological indices of cashew rootstocks; however, ECw up to 2.3 dS m-1 promoted acceptable reductions of less than 10% in these variables. Clone CCP 76 stood out with greater allocation of phytomass. The application of proline at a concentration of 7.4 mM promoted a greater allocation of stem dry phytomass of the cashew rootstocks irrigated with saline water. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L., water scarcity, mitigating

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Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 927

Author(s):

Jamshad Hussain ◽

Tasneem Khaliq ◽

Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽

Asmat Ullah ◽

Ishfaq Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Region ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Rcp 8.5 ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

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