scholarly journals Railway photography and technology: analysis of the photographic record of Brazilian railway in the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Romero de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technological Documentation ◽  
Machine Representation ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACT The purpose of this text is to examine some sets of photographs about railway companies in Brazil, in order to highlight the potential of this type of iconographic material, not as artistic documentation but also technological documentation. We deal in particular with a collection of 6,000 photographs gathered by companies such as Companhia Paulista, Companhia Mogiana and Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana, which was deposited in the Museu da Companhia Paulista, in Jundiaí. These images were cataloged in 2014 by the RFFSA Inventory and IPHAN - within the attributions established to them by Law 11483/2007 - and then transferred to the Public Archive of the State of São Paulo. Although some images eventually had aesthetic quality, our first hypothesis is that the main reason for its production seems to have been technical: record of rolling stock or the evolution of construction work; therefore, this would be a routine activity in the companies that would explain the great volume of photographic material still existing. Secondly, we believe that the same material could be dealt with from the historical perspective of the technique and technology as an expression of technical-scientific knowledge and, often, by rules of machine representation and geographical space - although the pictorial tradition is not absent. This would demonstrate a potential for analysis of this type of iconographic material, where an interpretation proposed by the history of technology may not only enrich or complement studies of the history of photography, but also explore the importance of visual representation in technical-scientific knowledge.

The Public and Economic Activities of the Hִatim Family of Istanbul: A Chapter in the History of the Jewish Leadership in Istanbul and Jerusalem in the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127
Author(s):  
Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the biographies and economic and public activities of the Ḥatim family in Istanbul in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Most of the attention is focused on R. Shlomo Ḥatim and his son Yitsḥak, who were members of the Jewish elite in Istanbul and settled in Jerusalem at the ends of their lives. R. Shlomo, who is said to have served the Ottoman authorities in Istanbul, settled in Jerusalem more than ten years before the leaders of the Jewish economic elite in Istanbul were executed in the 1820s. His son, surviving this purge, followed much later, immigrating to Israel in 1846, but died immediately thereafter. This article provides insights into the business activities of the Ḥatim family, as well as the activities of Yitsḥak Ḥatim as an Ottoman official in Istanbul. I also discuss two more generations of this family, considered an elite, privileged one, and that was highly esteemed among well-known rabbis in the Ottoman Empire. I also discuss the ties that developed between the communities of Istanbul and Jerusalem in the first half of the 19th century as a result of initiatives of officials in Istanbul and of immigration from Istanbul to Jerusalem.

scholarly journals Geographical Imagination, Anthropology, and Political Exiles

Sibirica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-84
Author(s):  
Tatiana Saburova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Geographical Imagination ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Political Exile ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is focused on several themes connected with the history of photography, political exile in Imperial Russia, exploration and representations of Siberia in the late 19th–early 20th centuries. Photography became an essential tool in numerous geographic, topographic and ethnographic expeditions to Siberia in the late 19th century; well-known scientists started to master photography or were accompanied by professional photographers in their expeditions, including ones organized by the Russian Imperial Geographic Society, which resulted in the photographic records, reports, publications and exhibitions. Photography was rapidly spreading across Asian Russia and by the end of the 19th century there was a photo studio (or several ones) in almost every Siberian town. Political exiles were often among Siberian photographers, making photography their new profession, business, a way of getting a social status in the local society, and a means of surviving financially as well as intellectually and emotionally. They contributed significantly to the museum’s collections by photographing indigenous people in Siberia and even traveling to Mongolia and China, displaying “types” as a part of anthropological research in Asia and presenting “views” of the Russian empire’s borderlands. The visual representation of Siberia corresponded with general perceptions of an exotic East, populated by “primitive” peoples devoid of civilization, a trope reinforced by numerous photographs and depictions of Siberia as an untamed natural world, later transformed and modernized by the railroads construction.

History of Sport Psychology in Cultural Magazines of the Victorian Era

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brett King ◽  
Brittany L. Raymond ◽  
Jennifer A. Simon-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spectator Sports ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Magazines ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century can be characterized as a time of avid public interest in team and spectator sports. As diverse and challenging new sports were developed and gained popularity, many articles on a rudimentary sport psychology began to appear in cultural magazines in the United States and Great Britain. Athletes, physicians, educators, journalists, and members of the public wrote on topics such as profiles and psychological studies of elite athletes, the importance of physical training, exercise and health, and the detrimental effects of professional sports to the role of age, gender, and culture in sports. Although a scientific foundation for such observations was largely absent, some of the ideas expressed in early cultural magazines anticipate contemporary interests in sport psychology.

In the Stars: Astrology, Psychic Powers and the Australian Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Kate Darian-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New Age ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
New Age Spirituality ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Although astrological divinations, demonstrations of psychic powers and the teachings of non-conventional and New Age spirituality have had a ubiquitous presence in the Australian print and broadcast media for almost a century, they have attracted scant attention from media scholars. This article surveys the history of astrological and psychic content in the Australian media from the 1920s, arguing that such content generated new genres of programming and entertainment, and challenged the established authority of religion and scientific knowledge in the public sphere.

scholarly journals Próby uobecniania tradycji w gdańskiej architekturze lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku

Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 244-268
Author(s):  
Dominika Piluk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Architectural Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Gdansk architecture of last decade of 20th century by all means tried to reconnect to the Gdansk architectural tradition, especially the glorified 19th-century German/ Gdańsk Renaissance. The essay aims to present a preliminary analysis of the phenomenon strongly present in the Gdańsk architectural discussion in the nineties: the phenomenon of reconstruction. The city’s architectural achievements of the 19th-century were reinterpreted. Moreover, not only did architects in democratic Poland have to face a new economic situation, but also the need to emphasize the departure from the visual form imposed by the communist system, which, particularly in Gdańsk, took a form of historicism. The complex history of the city, preserved in its architecture, had a huge impact on the aesthetics of buildings designed during the transformation period. Tis thorough introduction is aimed to show commitment to the great tradition of the harbour city, which often resulted in neglecting innovations and modern architectural standards, these forced by the diffcult times of the economic change, as well as the concept of the city’s identity. The article focuses on the examples of buildings erected after 1989, as well as the public opinion debate, which jointly attempted to emphasise the mythical greatness of old Gdańsk.

scholarly journals Política, instrução pública e civilização: um exercício de pesquisa a partir dos relatórios dos presidentes da província de Minas Gerais / Politics, public instruction and civilization: a research practice from the raports of Minas Gerais province presidents

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Danilo Araújo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Day Schools ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Normal Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The 19Th Century

Durante o século XIX a instrução pública figurou como pauta frequente nos debates políticos do jovem império do Brasil. Nas altas galerias da política nacional e nas salas das assembleias provinciais, a formação escolar dos cidadãos brasileiros foi tema de leis e regulamentos diversos. Iniciava-se neste período a estrutura de ensino público no Brasil independente. Na corte e nas províncias, planejavam-se e fundavam-se faculdades, escolas normais, liceus, externatos, aulas avulsas e outras instituições escolares. Este processo integrou o curso da organização do Estado Nacional no Brasil. No interior deste movimento, a instrução pública foi progressivamente se constituindo como um instrumento a ser utilizado para auxiliar na resolução de algumas questões colocadas às elites imperiais. Pouco ainda tem se discutido, contudo, sobre os discursos e as representações que foram construídas neste processo acerca do valor da instrução, do letramento e da formação escolar. Neste ensaio, buscamos realizar uma reflexão sobre este tema nos orientando pelo seguinte questionamento: ao longo da criação do titubeante sistema de instrução pública da província de Minas Gerais, de que modo a escolarização era abordada nos discursos políticos? A discussão aqui delineada é pautada pelo enfoque sobre uma documentação específica que já foi utilizada em algumas pesquisas em história da educação, mas que ainda consiste em uma fonte de informações importante sobre a organização da instrução pública em Minas Gerais: os Relatórios dos Presidentes da Província.* * *During the 19th century the public instruction has figured as a frequent matter in political debates from the early Brazilian Empire. At the highest galleries of national politics and into the provincial assemblies rooms, the scholar formation of brazilian citizens was theme of a huge variety of laws and rules. In this period, the public education structuration has been started at the independent Brazil. At the court and provincies, it was planned and founded new colleges, normal schools, day-schools, lyceums, single classes and other institutions. This process has integrated the organization course of the National State in Brazil. Within this moviment, the public instruction was progressively constituting itself as an instrument to be used to help finding the answer of some questions posed to the imperial elite. Only a little has been discussed about the topic yet, however, the speech and representation were built at this process around the value of instruction, the literacy and the school education. In this essay, we seek to reflect about the theme, guiding ourselves by the following question: throughout the creation of this hesitant public instruction system in Minas Gerais’ province, in which way did the schooling use to be addressed at the political speeches? The argumentation outlined in this arcticle is marked by the focus on a specific documentation which has already been used in some reaserches in the history of education, but it still represents an important information source about the public instruction organization in Minas Gerais: the Province Presidents’ Reports.

The Evolution of Opera Performance from Scenographic Miracles to the Opera Productions of the Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Diana Todea-Sahlean
Keyword(s):  
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ◽  
Claudio Monteverdi ◽  
The Public ◽  
Comic Opera ◽  
Opera Seria ◽  
Liturgical Drama ◽  
Opera Buffa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Opera Productions

"The presentation of the book The Evolution of Opera Performance, from Scenographic Miracles to the Opera Productions of the 19th Century, offers a synthesis of our work as a musical theatre director. Our aim is to stimulate the public’s interest in the opera genre and opera staging, by revealing aspects in the history of opera performance(s), as they have been shaped, century after century, by following the gradual effort and the tireless passion of its creators. Our aims are also to illustrate the original charm and the infinite resources of this genre, which continues to delight the public at large and the knowledgeable even today. Keywords: opera performance, opera staging, liturgical drama, vernacular drama, secular drama, dramatic madrigal, intermedi, the Florentine Camerata, Claudio Monteverdi, comédies-ballets, tragédie en musique, semi-opera, opera seria, the comic opera, opera buffa, ópera comique, ballad opera, Singspiel, tonadilla, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "

The Future Perfect, Autopsy, and Enfreakment on the 19th-Century Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Danielle Bainbridge
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Performance ◽  
Freak Shows ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Past

The public autopsies of 19th-century enfreaked performers remains a central issue in studies of 19th-century enslavement. While previously black performance studies focused on the instability of the historical past tense, the study of freak shows and enslavement dictates a reckoning with the future perfect tense, which sheds light on the history of the future by asking “what will have been” rather than “what was” or “what could have been.”

A History of Medical Scientists on High Heels

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Linder ◽  
Charles L. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Heels ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Medical Interest

For 250 years medical scientists have propagandized about the health hazards of high-heeled shoes, which originated four centuries ago. Physicians, however, largely unaware of their own profession's tradition, keep reinventing the diagnostic wheel. This professional amnesia has held back the momentum of the process of educating the public. Consequently, despite these warnings, millions of women continue to wear high-heeled shoes. This article describes the history of the medical profession's recognition of this worldwide health problem and the current understanding of the deleterious and often irreversible biomechanical effects of high-heeled shoewear. The article emphasizes that the reemergence of high heels and of medical interest in them in the third quarter of the 19th century, following their disappearance in the wake of the French Revolution, was associated with increasing pressure by employers to wear such shoes for long hours at work. Although medical scientists have recognized this specifically occupational phenomenon for more than a century, full-scale epidemiological studies may be necessary to bring about substantial social-behavioral change.

Public authority in European capitals: a map of governance, an album with symbols

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN VAN DER WUSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Civic Institutions

This paper deals with the residences of public authority across Europe from the emergence of the state system to the present. It is concerned with the addresses, the buildings, their surroundings and the symbolic significance from the point of view of builders and the public. The building styles have been heavily influenced by the examples of imperial and papal Rome, and a dominant model of a European capital city building has evolved. There are also some systematic differences, particularly for those countries with a dramatic history of constitutional change and for those with a decentralized process of state-building in the early stages of the process. In the second half of the 19th century, and probably again currently, the residences of public authority should be read in conjunction with the positioning of a series of civic institutions. The display of state authority has been increasingly accompanied by the representation of national identity. More recently, however, a touch of cosmopolitanism has been added in many capitals. The reading of these capitals is therefore now more ambiguous. This will probably intensify under the impact of the emerging European multilevel governance system. At the same time, this governance system has become increasingly based in Brussels. For this city to symbolically represent Europe is a very difficult ambition in the context of its multiple capital roles. However, Brussels has a long history of dealing successfully with such urban challenges in spite of major conflicts and drawbacks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document