scholarly journals Behavior Change Theories: a New Medical Education Paradigm?

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Essado Rios
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Behavior Change Theories

Abstract: A critical perspective on the importance of evidence-based behavior change theories for medical education is presented. Numerous theoretical models have been proposed to explain behavior changes, with two theories currently emerging as a new paradigm, namely the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Prime Theory of Motivation. Behind this is the fact that these theories were proposed based on comprehensive literature review about explanatory models of behavioral changes, in addition to consensus among experts. The basic principle is that any change in behavior necessarily involves three interrelated aspects: capability, opportunity, and motivation. In the present essay, these theories were addressed with a view to problems involving behaviors in medical education, and emphasis on the problem of obsolete teaching practices in the training of health professionals. Assuming that good teachers have a global view of the teaching profession, and not merely of their specialty, interventions to change outdated teaching performances among health educators should start by understanding their motivation to change. It is also necessary to investigate their knowledge and skills about innovative teaching-learning methods (capability), as well as whether the environment supports methodological diversification and innovation (opportunity). In summary, evidence-based behavior change theories may represent a new paradigm for medical education when the goal involves overcoming behavioral problems.

Teenage Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Sandra E Handwerk ◽  
Katherine Handwerk
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Leadership ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Leadership Context ◽  
Behavior Change Theories ◽  
Current Behavior

This chapter discusses the role of healthcare leaders in reducing teenage pregnancy and in determining the scope and depth of teenage pregnancy in a community. The chapter examines current behavior change theories and the importance of using evidence-based programming to increase the success of teenage pregnancy prevention programs. The chapter will create the foundation for change and through interface with other chapters will provide a comprehensive picture of teenage pregnancy within a healthcare leadership context.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Alignment of Pathology Residency With Practice II: Findings and Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237428952110028
Author(s):  
W. Stephen Black-Schaffer ◽  
Stanley J. Robboy ◽  
David J. Gross ◽  
James M. Crawford ◽  
Kristen Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Donor Center ◽  
Laboratory Management ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Billing And Coding ◽  
Future Practice

This article presents findings from a 4-year series of surveys of new-in-practice pathologists, and a survey of physician employers of new pathologists, assessing how pathology graduate medical education prepares its graduates for practice. Using the methodology described in our previous study, we develop evidence for the importance of residency training for various practice areas, comparing findings over different practice settings, sizes, and lengths of time in practice. The principal findings are (1) while new-in-practice pathologists and their employers report residency generally prepared them well for practice, some areas—billing and coding, laboratory management, molecular pathology, and pathology informatics—consistently were identified as being important in practice but inadequately prepared for in residency; (2) other areas—autopsy pathology, and subspecialized apheresis and blood donor center blood banking services—consistently were identified as relatively unimportant in practice and excessively prepared for in residency; (3) the notion of a single comprehensive model for categorical training in residency is challenged by the disparity between broad general practice in some settings and narrower subspecialty practice in others; and (4) the need for preparation in some areas evolves during practice, raising questions about the appropriate mode and circumstance for training in these areas. The implications of these findings range from rebalancing the emphasis among practice areas in residency, to reconsidering the structure of graduate medical education in pathology to meet present and evolving future practice needs.

scholarly journals Time for evidence based medical education

BMJ ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 318 (7193) ◽  
pp. 1223-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Evidence Based

A Disorder by Any Other Name: Metacognition, Schizophrenia, and Diagnostic Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Lysaker ◽  
Aieyat B. Zalzala ◽  
Nicolai Ladegaard ◽  
Benjamin Buck ◽  
Bethany L. Leonhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Metacognitive Reflection ◽  
Diagnostic Label

Humanistic psychology has made us aware that any understanding of schizophrenia must see persons diagnosed with this condition as whole persons who are making sense of what wellness and recovery mean to them. This has raised questions about what the diagnosis of schizophrenia means and whether the diagnostic label of schizophrenia is helpful when we try to conceptualize the actions and aims of treatment. To examine this issue we propose it is essential to consider what is systematically occuring psychologicaly in recovery when persons experience, interpret and agentically respond to emerging challenges. We then review how the integrated model of metacognition provides a systematic, person-centered, evidence-based approach to understanding psychological processes which impact recovery, and discuss how this guides a form of psychotherapy, metacognitive reflection and insight therapy, which promotes metacognitive abilities and support recovery. We suggest this work indicates that metacognitive capacity is something that can be diagnosed without stigmatizing persons. It can be used to meaningfully inform clinical practice across various theoretical models and offers concrete implications for rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators That Influence Providers’ Ability to Educate, Monitor, and Treat Substance Use in First-Episode Psychosis Programs Using the Theoretical Domains Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199344
Author(s):  
Oladunni Oluwoye ◽  
Elizabeth Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
And Behavior

In this qualitative study, we explore providers’ experiences with addressing substance use among individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) enrolled in coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs. Three focus groups were conducted with 24 providers from CSC programs for FEP in Washington. Questions were focused on barriers and facilitators to addressing substance use using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a guide. Thematic analysis was used to code all transcripts. Identified TDF domains were then mapped onto the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior) intervention functions and behavior change techniques. Seven theoretical domains were identified as the most relevant to addressing substance use: “Knowledge,” “Skills,” “Environmental Context and Resources,” “Social Influences,” “Social and Professional Role and Identity,” “Beliefs about Capabilities,” and “Reinforcement.” The use of the TDF provides a framework to explore barriers and facilitators for targeting substance use and suggestions for behavior change techniques when considering implementation of evidence-based strategies to enhance CSC models.

Clinical epidemiology in complementary medicine (discussion)

2021 ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Yuriy Olegovich Novikov ◽  
Mikhail Borisovich Tsykunov ◽  
Ayrat Rafikovich Shayakhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an analytical review of the literature on the application of the principles of evidence-based medicine in modern healthcare. It is noted that in some areas of medicine, scientifically based standards of treatment significantly fall behind the general trends. Complementary medicine, including osteopathy, is an important healthcare resource, the use of which is officially recognized in 94 countries around the world. However, despite certain achievements in the treatment and prevention of many chronic diseases, there are scientific articles that criticize its effectiveness. Therefore, the relevance of obtaining new, strictly evidence-based data on the impact of osteopathy on health is beyond doubt. For osteopathy, as for other types of complementary medicine, a new paradigm of evidence-based clinical research is probably needed. Three types of the organism response to treatment — instant, fast and delayed — are identified.

scholarly journals A Survey Based Feedback Analysis of the Current Medical Teaching Methodology and Trends in Medical Research Practice in a South Indian Medical Institute

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Supreeth Nekkanti ◽  
Sagarika Manjunath ◽  
Arun Mahtani ◽  
Archana Meka ◽  
Tanushree Rao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Based Medicine

Background: The spine of a good healthcare system is the medical education received by its doctors. As medicine is evolving, the same can be inferred regarding the delivery of medical education. This study was conducted among 541 students in a prestigious medical college in India. The aim of the study was to find out lapses in our current medical education system and steps to improve it.  Methods: A total of 541 medical students were included in this study. The only inclusion criteria being that they should be in their 2nd year MBBS or above. A questionnaire of 20 questions was given to each student and they were asked to mark the answers they felt was most appropriate. The questionnaire dealt with issues faced in our current education system regarding teaching methodology, clinical postings, research, evidence based medicine and steps to improve the healthcare system. Data was collected, analysed and statistically evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPS version 21.0.  Results: Majority of the students felt that classroom strength should not be more than a hundred students. They felt that more innovative teaching methods and discussions should be included. Students laid emphasis on research, clinical skills training and evidence based medicine. They felt that the healthcare system also needs tweaking in terms of funding and practicing evidence based medicine to be on par with healthcare systems across the world.  Conclusion: The results in this study, resonates with the results of various other studies regarding delivery of medical education. It also takes into account the holistic approach of improving medical education and healthcare rather than focusing on one single aspect.

scholarly journals Multifunctionality of agriculture, public policies and scientific evidences: Some critical issues of contemporary controversies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Laurent ◽  
Marielle Berriet-Solliec ◽  
Marc Kirsch ◽  
Pierre Labarthe ◽  
AurélieT AurélieTrouvé
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Situation

Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage.Accessibility and reliability of the existing evidences are also problems to be addressed. The debates around evidence-based practices may provide some landmarks in this new situation although they also emphasize the limits of the tools that can be built for this purpose.  

scholarly journals The Effects of Gamification and Oral Self-Care on Oral Hygiene in Children: Systematic Search in App Stores and Evaluation of Apps (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Fijačko ◽  
Lucija Gosak ◽  
Leona Cilar ◽  
Alenka Novšak ◽  
Ruth Masterson Creber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based Dentistry

BACKGROUND Poor oral hygiene is a great public health problem worldwide. Oral health care education is a public health priority as the maintenance of oral hygiene is integral to overall health. Maintaining optimal oral hygiene among children is challenging and can be supported by using relevant motivational approaches. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to identify mobile smartphone apps that include gamification features focused on motivating children to learn, perform, and maintain optimal oral hygiene. METHODS We searched six online app stores using four search terms (“oral hygiene game,” “oral hygiene gamification,” “oral hygiene brush game,” and “oral hygiene brush gamification”). We identified gamification features, identified whether apps were consistent with evidence-based dentistry, performed a quality appraisal with the Mobile App Rating Scale user version (uMARS), and quantified behavior scores (Behavior Change score, uMARS score, and Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined [CALO-RE] score) using three different instruments that measure behavior change. RESULTS Of 612 potentially relevant apps included in the analysis, 17 met the inclusion criteria. On average, apps included 6.87 (SD 4.18) out of 31 possible gamification features. The most frequently used gamification features were time pressure (16/17, 94%), virtual characters (14/17, 82%), and fantasy (13/17, 76%). The most common oral hygiene evidence-based recommendation was brushing time (2-3 minutes), which was identified in 94% (16/17) of apps. The overall mean uMARS score for app quality was high (4.30, SD 0.36), with good mean subjective quality (3.79, SD 0.71) and perceived impact (3.58, SD 0.44). Sufficient behavior change techniques based on three taxonomies were detected in each app. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the analyzed oral hygiene apps included gamification features and behavior change techniques to perform and maintain oral hygiene in children. Overall, the apps contained some educational content consistent with evidence-based dentistry and high-quality background for oral self-care in children; however, there is scope for improvement.

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