Analysis of cutting capacity, preparation time, and apical deviation after instrumentation of artificial curved canals with the waveone ® and reciproc ® reciprocating systems

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze cutting capacity, preparation time, and occurrence of apical deviation, after instrumentation of curved canals with reciprocating Primary WaveOne ® and R25 Reciproc ® systems. Methods Twenty simulated canals with 35° bends were randomly assigned to the Primary WaveOne ® or R25 Reciproc ® . The preparations were made by a single operator. The cutting capacity was assessed by the difference in weight (on an analytical balance) of the canals before and after preparation. The time needed for the preparation was analyzed. The canals were filled with India ink and photographed on a platform before and after the preparation to analyze the apical deviation to a 1 mm length. The images were superimposed in Photoshop ® and the measurement was performed with the ruler tool. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results The WaveOne ® Primary system was more effective (in terms of cutting capacity) but had a longer preparation time than the R25 Reciproc ® instrument. Apical deviation was the only variable that did not significantly differ between the two systems. Conclusion The WaveOne ® Primary had a higher cutting capacity than the R25 Reciproc ® . Both systems maintained the original canal path. The preparation time was shorter for the R25 Reciproc ® than the WaveOne ® Primary system.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of self-massage in dysmenorrhea/ Ocena efektywności automasażu w redukcji bólu menstruacyjnego kobiet

HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.5035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Anna Dobrzycka ◽

Iwona Wilk

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tension ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Menstrual Pain ◽

Before And After ◽

Average Pain ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Primary menstrual pain affects approximately 45-95% of women between 20-25 years of age. A non-invasive method in reducing menstrual pain by relaxing muscle tension is a massage. It brings the structural tension to normal levels and restores correct blood flow in the pelvic region. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of a self-massage in reducing the primary menstrual pain. Materials and methods: Out of 180 female students, 34 women aged 19-30 were qualified for the study with the use of a survey. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and visual analog pain scale (VAS) were used for the assessment before and after the therapy. Women in the experimental group performed tensegrity selfmassage a few days before the onset of bleeding for two menstrual cycles. Results were analyzed using Student’s t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Applying the self-massage statistically proved to significantly reduce the perception of pain (p=0.001) and the number of days with pain (p=0.007) in the experimental group. Within this group, the difference was noted in all participants except one. In addition, a third measurement was taken in order to assess the duration of the effect. The result of the average pain and number of days of pain after the extension was higher than in the second evaluation, but significantly lower than before the experiment. The significance was in accordance with the evaluation of pain, p=0.002 and number of days p=0.03. Evaluation of the quality of sleep in the experimental group was significantly better (p = 0.04) than before treatment. Conclusions: Self-massage reduces primary menstrual pain in women and can be used as an assisted form of self-therapy. It improves the quality of sleep.

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(P2-45) Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Disaster Management Among Nurses Working in Nepal

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x11004894 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s150-s150

Author(s):

G.N. Mandal

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Educational Intervention ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

The Difference ◽

Level Of Significance

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to find the change in knowledge regarding disaster management among nurses after educational intervention.MethodsOne group pretest and post test design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Forty Nurses were selected from emergency, orthopedics, medicine, and surgical ward by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected before and after the educational intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Z test) were used to identify the difference in knowledge between pre-test and post-test, at 0.05 level of significance.ResultsStudy findings revealed that in the pre-test, grand mean of the means of the nurses' knowledge on different aspects of disaster management as a whole was 2.39 with the standard deviation of 0.87. Similarly the grand mean of means of knowledge on different aspects of disaster management was 3.2 with the standard deviation of 0.47 in the post-test. The difference between pre-test and post-test in respondents' knowledge in different aspects of disaster management as a whole was calculated by using “Z” test (p < 0.05) The result showed that the educational intervention was effective in bringing changes in knowledge in all aspects of disaster management.ConclusionsStudy findings revealed that there was significant increase in knowledge in the post-test after the educational intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that education plays an important role in increasing awareness. It is recommended that awareness programs on disaster management should be carried out periodically as in-service education.

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Lamb carcass characteristics I. The influence of carcass weight, fatness, and sex on the weight of 'trim' and traditional retail cuts

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9950033 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

DL Hopkins ◽

JSA Wotton ◽

DJ Gamble ◽

WR Atkinson ◽

TS Slack-Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Preparation Time ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Sex Effect ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Retail Cuts

Carcass data were obtained for 258 lambs [hot carcass weight 16.0-28.7 kg, fat depth at the GR site (12th rib) 5-23 mm]. The sample included ewes, wethers, and cryptorchids (86 of each). Of these, 130 carcasses (42 ewes, 45 wethers, 43 cryptorchids) were prepared as boneless, heavily trimmed, 'trim lamb' cuts (i.e. a range of cuts promoted by the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation). The remaining 128 carcasses (44 ewes, 41 wethers, 43 cryptorchids) were prepared as traditional, trimmed, bone-in cuts. Comparison of fat depth values before and after trimming over the loin at the 12th rib showed that the fat depth was reduced to a maximum of 4.0 mm. Models were developed based on hot carcass weight and GR measurement to enable estimation of the weight of each cut and carcass component (e.g. fat waste). The amount of variation of the components explained by the independent variables hot carcass weight and GR (R2 values) ranged from 0.46 to 0.93. The time to prepare trim cuts from 115 carcasses and traditional cuts from 121 carcasses was measured. Depending on the combination of trim cuts prepared, it took a butcher, on average, 9.6-13.1 min longer to prepare these cuts from each carcass than to prepare traditional cuts, without considering the weight and fatness of the carcass. Regression analysis showed that preparation time increased as carcasses become either heavier or fatter, irrespective of the type of cuts being prepared. When differences in carcass type were accounted for, the difference in preparation time between trim lamb and traditional cuts decreased. The effect of fatness on preparation time was such that for every 5-mm increase in GR (equal to a fatscore), an additional 1-2 min was required to prepare both types of cuts. When the hindleg was broken down into trim cuts, the round cut from the cryptorchid carcasses was significantly heavier than from the ewe and wether carcasses. The neck and shank from cryptorchid carcasses were heavier (P<0.05) than from ewe and wether carcasses. Ewe and wether carcasses produced heavier (P<0.05) ribloin cuts (7- or 8-rib cut) than cryptorchid carcasses. There was a variable effect of sex on the cuts from the loin, with cryptorchid carcasses producing heavier (P<0.05) midloins but lighter (P<0.05) boneless loins than the ewe carcasses. There was no difference (P>0.05) between ewe and cryptorchid carcasses for the weight of the eye of loin, and there was no sex effect on the weight of the chump. Cryptorchid carcasses produced more (P<0.05) sausage trim than wethers, which produced more than ewes, this being a reflection of a decreasing proportion of breast and flap. Regardless of cutting method, cryptorchid carcasses produced significantly more saleable components than wether and ewe carcasses, which were similar. For a carcass of cold weight 20.2 kg and GR 12.5 mm prepared into one of the combination of trim cuts, the proportion of saleable meat is estimated to be 75.9, 73.4, and 73.7% for cryptorchids, wethers, and ewes.

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Wheat Developmental Traits as Affected by the Interaction between Eps-7D and Temperature under Contrasting Photoperiods with Insensitive Ppd-D1 Background

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Priyanka A. Basavaraddi ◽

Roxana Savin ◽

Stefano Bencivenga ◽

Simon Griffiths ◽

Gustavo A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Pleiotropic Effect ◽

Leaf Initiation ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Temperature Interaction ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Developmental Traits ◽

Fine Tune

Earliness per se (Eps) genes are important to fine tune adaptation, and studying their probable pleiotropic effect on wheat yield traits is worthwhile. In addition, it has been shown that some Eps genes interact with temperature and therefore determining the likely Eps × temperature interaction is needed for each newly identified Eps gene. We studied two NILs differing in the newly identified Eps-7D (carrying insensitive Ppd-D1 in the background) under three temperature regimes (9, 15 and 18 °C) and two photoperiods (12 and 24 h). Eps-7D affected time to anthesis as expected and the Eps-7D-late allele extended both the period before and after terminal spikelet. The interaction effect of Eps-7D × temperature was significant but not cross-over: the magnitude and level of significance of the difference between NILs with the late or early allele was affected by the growing temperature (i.e., difference was least at 18 °C and largest at 9 °C), and the differences caused due to temperature sensitivity were influenced by photoperiod. The rate of leaf initiation was faster in NIL with Eps-7D-early than with the late allele which compensated for the shorter duration of leaf initiation resulting in similar final leaf number between two NILs. Eps-7D-late consistently increased spike fertility through improving floret primordia survival as a consequence of extending the late reproductive phase.

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Microbiological alterations in the conjunctiva of hot tub-soaking ophthalmologists (MACHO): a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology ◽

10.51329/mehdiophthal1409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Michele D Lee ◽

Neel Pasricha ◽

Todd H Driver ◽

Sarah E Lopez ◽

Gerami D Seitzman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Double Blind ◽

Group Assignment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Hot Tubs ◽

Culture Positive

Background: To determine if there is a difference in the quantity of microbial flora of the conjunctiva in individuals practicing head submersion (“dunk”) versus no head submersion (“no-dunk”) during hot tub use. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years were recruited. Participants were randomized to head submersion versus no head submersion during a 15-minute hot tub soak. Study personnel, masked to the dunk or no-dunk group assignment, obtained conjunctival cultures before and immediately after hot tub use. De-identified specimens were submitted to the clinical microbiology laboratory for culture and analysis. The main outcome measure was the difference in the quantity of organisms cultured from the conjunctiva before and after hot tub exposure, as determined using a defined ordinal scale. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed to compare the total microbial colony counts between the two arms. Simpson’s diversity was used to measure the changes in organism diversity between the arms. Results: Of 36 enrolled subjects, 19 were randomly assigned to the dunk and 17 were assigned to the no-dunk groups. Water samples obtained from all hot tubs were culture negative. Eleven of 19 eyes (58%) from the dunk group and eight of 17 eyes (47%) from the no-dunk group had negative conjunctival bacterial cultures before and after hot tub exposure. However, six of 19 eyes (32%) and four of 17 eyes (24%) of the dunk and no-dunk groups, respectively, were culture-positive after, but not before hot tub exposure. The quantity of organisms before and after hot tub exposure was not significantly different between the two arms (P = 0.12). However, the dunk group only showed a small increase in the quantity of organisms after as compared to before hot tub use (P = 0.03). None of the samples from subjects or hot tubs were culture-positive for Acanthamoeba. Conclusion: Head submersion in a public hot tubs during a 15-minute soak does not appear to change conjunctival flora, as determined by culture plate yield.

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Argument Mapping to Improve Student's Mathematical Argumentation Skills

TEM Journal ◽

10.18421/tem93-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1208-1212

Author(s):

Nonik Indrawatiningsih ◽

Purwanto Purwanto ◽

Abdur Rahman As'ari ◽

Cholis Sa'dijah

Keyword(s):

Rank Test ◽

Mathematical Argumentation ◽

Revised Bloom's Taxonomy ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Learning Mathematics ◽

Argument Mapping ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Level Of Significance

This study aims at investigating the difference in students' mathematical argumentation skills before and after the implementation of argument mapping in learning mathematics. It is a quasiexperiment with a quantitative approach. The population was the students of class X Natural Sciences Program in a state senior high school in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. 36 students were involved. The instrument was a mathematical argumentation skills test. Several components were established, adopted from the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, namely identifying (C1), explaining (C2), drawing conclusions (C3), reducing/adding premises (C4), deducing (C5), and developing/constructing (C6). Students' mathematical argumentation skills were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at 5% level of significance (∝ = 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that students' argumentation skills after the implementation of argument mapping is better than prior treatment (p = 0.002). It can be claimed that argument mapping is effective for improving such skills.

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Wheat developmental traits as affected by the interaction between Eps-7D and temperature under contrasting photoperiods with insensitive Ppd-D1 background

10.1101/2020.09.10.290916 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka A. Basavaraddi ◽

Roxana Savin ◽

Simon Griffiths ◽

Gustavo A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

Wheat Yield ◽

Pleiotropic Effect ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Leaf Initiation ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Developmental Traits ◽

Fine Tune

AbstractEarliness per se (Eps) genes are important to fine tune adaptation, and studying their probable pleiotropic effect on wheat yield traits is worthwhile. In addition, it has been shown that some Eps genes interact with temperature. We studied two NILs differing in the newly identified Eps-7D but carrying insensitive Ppd-D1 in the background under three temperature regimes (9, 15 and 18 °C) and two photoperiods (12 h and 24 h). Eps-7D affected time to anthesis as expected and the Eps-7D-late allele extended both the period before and after terminal spikelet. The interaction effect of Eps-7D × temperature was significant but not cross-over: the magnitude and level of significance of the difference between NILs with the late or early allele was affected by the growing temperature (i.e. difference was least at 18 °C and largest at 9 °C), and differences in temperature sensitivity was influenced by photoperiod. Rate of leaf initiation was faster in NIL with Eps-7D-early than with the late allele which compensated for the shorter duration of leaf initiation resulting in similar final leaf number between two NILs. Eps-7D-late consistently increased spike fertility through improving floret primordia survival as a consequence of extending the late reproductive phase.

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Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v15i1.19432 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

Vidya Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

To Come ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearsons Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

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The effects of “Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan” hospitals and environmental factors on the mortality of COVID-19

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9578

Author(s):

Yuwen Cai ◽

Tianlun Huang ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Gaosi Xu

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Test Statistic ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Student’S T Test

Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China; however, the factors affecting the mortality of COVID-19 remain unclear. Methods Thirty-two days of data (the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases) that were shared by Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Weather Net were collected by two authors independently. Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference in the mortality of confirmed/severe cases before and after the use of “Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan” makeshift hospitals (MSHs). We also studied whether the above outcomes of COVID-19 cases were related to air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), or air quality index (AQI) by performing Pearson’s analysis or Spearman’s analysis. Results Eight days after the use of MSHs, the mortality of confirmed cases was significantly decreased both in Wuhan (t = 4.5, P < 0.001) and Hubei (U = 0, P < 0.001), (t and U are the test statistic used to test the significance of the difference). In contrast, the mortality of confirmed cases remained unchanged in non-Hubei regions (U = 76, P = 0.106). While on day 12 and day 16 after the use of MSHs, the reduce in mortality was still significant both in Wuhan and Hubei; but in non-Hubei regions, the reduce also became significant this time (U = 123, P = 0.036; U = 171, P = 0.015, respectively). Mortality of confirmed cases was found to be negatively correlated with AT both in Wuhan (r = − 0.441, P = 0.012) and Hubei (r = − 0.440, P = 0.012). Also, both the growth rate and the mortality of COVID-19 cases were found to be significantly correlated with AQI in Wuhan and Hubei. However, no significant correlation between RH and the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases was found in our study. Conclusions Our findings indicated that both the use of MSHs, the rise of AT, and the improvement of air quality were beneficial to the survival of COVID-19 patients.

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THE USE OF BILINGUAL STORIES TO IMPROVE THE STUDENT’S MASTERY OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY: A CASE OF THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 2 GROBOGAN

ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal) ◽

10.26877/eternal.v4i2.1952 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ernawati Ernawati

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Alpha Level ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Academic Year

The main objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the eight grade students’ of SMP N 2 Grobogan in vocabulary mastery before and after they are taught using bilingual stories. 2) To find out whether or not there is a significant difference of the vocabulary mastery of the eight grade students of SMP N 2 Grobogan in Academic Year 2012/2013 before and after being taught by bilingual stories. The study is an experimental research. The population of the research is the Eight grade students of SMP N 2 Grobogan 2012/2013. The writer takes 33 students in VIII G as a Experiment class and 34 students in VIII F as a Control class. The result of this study show that the students in the experiment group have little better development in the average scores than the control group in bilingual test. The difference of the development of the average scores is statistically significant at the (0.05) alpha level of significance. The research finds that there is no significant difference for those who taught with bilingual story and those without bilingual story. The difference is shown by the development of the average scores. The group that use bilingual story got little better in the average scores (72.5) than those without bilingual story (72.2). The use of bilingual story could not give more significant difference in improving students’ mastery of vocabulary. So the writer concludes that the bilingual story can not help students in improving the mastery of vocabulary the 8th Year Students of SMP N 2 Grobogan. A conclusion, this research shows that the students taught using bilingual story and students using bilingual story can’t show the significant difference. So, using bilingual story can’t improve the students’ mastery of vocabulary in SMP N 2 Grobogan.

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