scholarly journals Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from ‘Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic’ Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

scholarly journals (P2-45) Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Disaster Management Among Nurses Working in Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s150-s150
Author(s):  
G.N. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to find the change in knowledge regarding disaster management among nurses after educational intervention.MethodsOne group pretest and post test design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Forty Nurses were selected from emergency, orthopedics, medicine, and surgical ward by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected before and after the educational intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Z test) were used to identify the difference in knowledge between pre-test and post-test, at 0.05 level of significance.ResultsStudy findings revealed that in the pre-test, grand mean of the means of the nurses' knowledge on different aspects of disaster management as a whole was 2.39 with the standard deviation of 0.87. Similarly the grand mean of means of knowledge on different aspects of disaster management was 3.2 with the standard deviation of 0.47 in the post-test. The difference between pre-test and post-test in respondents' knowledge in different aspects of disaster management as a whole was calculated by using “Z” test (p < 0.05) The result showed that the educational intervention was effective in bringing changes in knowledge in all aspects of disaster management.ConclusionsStudy findings revealed that there was significant increase in knowledge in the post-test after the educational intervention. Therefore, it can be concluded that education plays an important role in increasing awareness. It is recommended that awareness programs on disaster management should be carried out periodically as in-service education.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Adult Patients with Vitiligo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Yogesh Poudyal ◽  
Chandra Bhal Jha ◽  
Niraj Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Aspect ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of skin characterized by white macules. Though there are many studies describing clinical and epidemiological features of vitiligo; there are few studies which have attempted to see the differences between male and female. Understanding the gender differences in clinico-epidemiological features will help to find the direction for further research in understanding pathogenesis. The objective was to find the gender wise differences in clinico-epidemiological pattern of vitiligo.   MATERIAL AND METHODS This was cross sectional study done at Dermatology and Venereology out-patient clinic of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching hospital, Bhairhawa, Nepal from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Consecutive sampling technique was used and the cases of 18 years and above were taken. Chi-square test, multi-variate logistic regression, two sample t-tests were used to analyze the data.   RESULTS The total number of case was 190. Female to male ratio was 1.38:1. Vitiligo vulgaris was seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo more in male and the difference was statistically significant.   However, there was no statistically significant difference among gender in family history, duration of disease, mucosal and hair involvement, history of recurrence and various age groups.   CONCLUSION Vitiligo vulgaris is seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo is seen more in male. This study has strengthened the evidence regarding the difference noted in clinic-epidemiological aspect of vitiligo. There should be more studies, so that more patterns in gender differences could be understood, and this will help in understanding the pathogenesis of vitiligo.  

scholarly journals DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fatima Bichi ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Diastasis Recti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals Collaborative Learning Practices by Gender: A Case of a Community School in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Kamal Prasad Acharya ◽  
Milan Acharya ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Community School ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Basic Level

This study explores the situation of basic level community school boy and girl students’ science and health learning through collaborative culture. Fifth, sixth and seventh-grade students (both boys and girls) took part in this study. As per the aim of this study, a set of questionnaire was developed and administered to the sampled students. Two hundred and fifty-eight students were selected from the sampled school using the census sampling technique. All the students were involved in collaborative learning activities such as building trust and open communication, establishing group interaction, respect diversity and sharing creative ideas based on the basic level science and health curriculum aiming at promoting inquiry learning through collaboration. A quantitative analysis involving the use of the Chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance, Likelihood ratio and Somer’s symmetric was conducted to see the association between the variables. The results showed that science and health collaborative learning activities by gender were not associated significantly. There was no statistically significant difference (α=0.05) between the variables studied. The findings showed a weak association with gender and collaborative science and health learning activities in the classrooms.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Abnormal Return Sebelum dan Sesudah Pemilihan Umum Gubernur DKI Jakarta Tahun 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Luh Gede Hari Purnama Sari ◽  
Gayatri Gayatri
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
General Election ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficient Market Theory ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

The General Election of DKI Jakarta Governor Year 2017 is a political events affecting the capital market. This study aims to determine abnormal return around the events and to determine the difference of abnormal return before and after the events. This study was conducted in companies incorporated the Compass Index 100 period February to July Year 2017. The samples are 92 companies, determined by nonprobability sampling method, especially purposive sampling technique. Research analysis technique is Chi-Square Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The result are that there is abnormal return around the events of General Election of Governor of DKI Jakarta Year 2017. There are differences of abnormal return before and after General Election of DKI Jakarta Governor Year 2017. The events contains information and make investors react. This research can prove efficient market theory of a half strong form as a representation of the market response to an event. Keywords: abnormal return, market reaction

scholarly journals Investigating the Presence of Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistant Transporter (Pfcrt) Drug-resistance Alleles in Some Northern Nigerian States

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. H. Ruqayyah ◽  
K. Nafisatu ◽  
B. Balarabe Musa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Pfcrt Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Government Hospitals

This study was designed to investigate the presence of Pfcrt drug- resistance alleles (CQ resistant biomarker) and attempted to analyse the outcome in some states of northern Nigeria. A total of four hundred and thirteen (413) Plasmodium falciparum positive blood samples were collected from Kaduna, Jigawa, Katsina and Kebbi states during the period of April-August 2013. The samples were genotyped at codon 76 using specific primers for Pfcrt gene. The data was analysed using Chi-square to determine significance association. Four hundred and thirteen (413) P. falciparum positive samples were genotyped at codon 76 of pfcrt gene. Sixty eight 68(16.5%) samples contained single K76 (Chloroquine sensitive) alleles, 49(11.9%) contained 76T, while 16(3.9%) contained mixed K76T alleles. K76 alleles were highest in Kaduna state 17(32.1%) and lowest in Kebbi state 10(7.4%), 76T was highest in Jigawa state 11 (25.6%) and lowest in Kebbi state 7(5.2%) while K76T was highest in Jigawa state 5(11.5%) and lowest in Kebbi state 2(1.5%) with significant difference between the states P<0.05. K76 was higher among females 43(17.6%), 76T was also higher females 30(12.2%) while K76T was higher among males 7 (4.2%). K76 was higher among age group of 16-25 years 17(22.4%) and least among 26-40years age group 13 (13.5%). 76T was also higher among 26-40 years age group 17(17.7%) and least among age group >40 years 1(2.0%) and K76T was higher among age group 16-25 years 6(7.9%) and least in >40 years of age 1(2.0%) with high significant difference P<0.05 between the age groups. The results of this study genetically confirms the use of CQ for malaria treatment in the area and attributed the varied distribution across the states, to high irrigation activities, self medication leading to dosage non compliance and improper diagnosis due to use of low sensitive RDT in most government hospitals. The need for enlightenment of the populace cannot over emphasize.

scholarly journals Hubungan Terapi Senam Yoga terhadap Hipertensi pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Setiana Andarwulan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hypertension is a degenerative disease. This disease is usually suffered by the elderly. The method of treatment taken is through the use of drug consumption [lowering blood pressure, but taking long-term drugs can have a chemical effect in the body, so the use of drugs made from natural ingredients becomes one of the drugs in reducing blood pressure. In addition, yoga can also be used to lower blood pressure. By following exercise regularly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood pressure and yoga exercises. The method used in this research is pre-experimental, with a population of 30 respondents, through the sampling technique, namely total sampling. The result of this research is that there is a difference between the correlation test of yoga exercise and blood pressure through the chi square test, the Asymp value is obtained. Sig. (2-sided) 0.025. There is a significant difference between blood pressure before and after doing yoga exercises.

scholarly journals Comparison of Orange Oil and Chloroform as Gutta- Percha Solvents in Endodontic Retreatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Raza Khan ◽  
Kiran Rehman ◽  
Nadia Aman
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Orange Oil ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the efficacy of gutta-percha removal achieved with simple mechanical technique using two different solvents. Materials and methods It was an in vitro experimental study conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan on 27 extracted human molars divided into two groups by alternate sampling technique. The teeth were prepared by manual filing and obturated with gutta-percha and calcium hydroxide sealer. Two drops of the assigned solvent were placed on the orifice of the obturated canal and Gates Glidden drills #1, 2 and 3 were used for removal of coronal gutta-percha. Manual filing was done for removal of remaining gutta-percha and the solvent was used in drops until needed. Postoperative periapical radiographs were taken to visualize the remaining gutta-percha left in the canals. Descriptive statistics (mean and SD) of the variables such as tooth type, obturation length and canal curvatures were determined. Chi-square and independent sample t-tests were applied and level of significance was set at 0.05. Results There was 5.19 (3.8) mm of remaining gutta-percha in the orange oil group and 5.37 (4.2) mm in the chloroform group (p = 0.90). Conclusion There is no statistically significant difference between the orange oil and chloroform when used as solvent for removing gutta-percha. How to cite this article Rehman K, Khan FR, Aman N. Comparison of Orange Oil and Chloroform as Gutta-Percha Solvents in Endodontic Retreatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):478-482.

scholarly journals Studies on Plasmodium falciparum Infection Rates among Patients Attending General Hospitals in Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. A. Adulugba ◽  
O. Amali ◽  
F. T. Ikpa ◽  
M. M. Manyi ◽  
V. U. Obisike
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Preventive Methods

Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent and prevalent malaria parasite in Nigeria .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients at General Hospitals in Benue State. A total of 1200 patients were examined in this study.  Blood samples were collected by finger prick onto clean slides and into the round sample well of PfRDTs. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of malaria infection was 34.8%. A questionnaire was used to determine some demographic factors. Prevalence of malaria in relation to residence, rural area recorded higher prevalence of 42.2% than urban area with prevalence of 23.8%. Chi square analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence in relation to residence. The Prevalence of malaria in relation to age groups, age between 6-10 and 7-15 recorded higher infection rate of 54.5% and 51.5% respectively. While, age group >46 recorded  17.5%. The female patients 36.2% were more infected than the males 33.1%.Patients that had informal education recorded higher prevalence rate of 89.2% and those that are farmers had 57.9%. Chi square analysis however showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). A significant difference  (P<0.05) was observed between patients that  used insecticide spray alone as malaria preventive methods (70.1%) compared to patients that used combined methods of prevention (17.2%). Malaria still remains prevalent among patients in Benue State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Effect of Green Coconut Water On The Levels Of Dysmenorrhea Pain Among Adolescent Girls In Berekah Village Sukabumi Regency In 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Siti Hasanah Fikria ◽  
Triana Indrayani ◽  
Sri Dinengsih
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

Background: Menstruation is periodic bleeding from the uterus which starts about 14 days after ovulation periodically due to the detachment of theuterine endometrial lining. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in West Java was quite high, the results of the study found that 54.9% of women experienced dysmenorrhea, consisting of 24.5% experiencing mild dysmenorrhea, 21.28% experiencing moderate dysmenorrhea and 9.36% experiencing severe dysmenorrhea. One of the treatment for menstrual pain with other non-pharmacological therapies can be used by consuming coconutwater.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of giving green coconut water on dysmenorrhea pain among adolescent girls in Berekah village, Sukabumi district in 2021.Methods: This study was a Quasi Experiment using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling which consisted of 30 adolescent girls who experienced dysmenorrhea every menstruation. The data were analyzed using the Paired T-Test to determine the difference in scores in one group and the Independent T-Test to determine the difference in scores between groups.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the dysmenorrhea pain scale before and after being given green coconut water (p <0.05).Conclusion: Green coconut water has an effect on reducing the dysmenorrhea pain scale among adolescent girls in the village of Berekah, Sukabumi district. It is hoped that green coconut water can be applied thoroughly as a traditional treatment in dealing with dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls

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