scholarly journals Myelography and residual contrast in panoramic radiography: case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Couto RAMOS ◽  
Flávio Ricardo MANZI ◽  
Amaro Ilídio VESPASIANO
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Solution

ABSTRACT Myodil or pantopaque is an oil-based contrast solution often used up to 1980 for myelography, cisternography, and ventilography. Oilbased contrasts have a very slow clearance time in the cerebrospinal fluids and may encapsulate for decades and remain in the central nervous system and the interior of the spine. The knowledge of the existence of this rare condition coming from other radiographictests of the past, described in this clinical case, is essential when atypical radiographic images are found.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

Diseases of the central nervous system after malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-508
Author(s):  
G. V. Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Despite the enormous incidence of malaria over the past 2 years, complications of this disease from the nervous system are relatively rare.

Central Nervous System Processing of Human Visceral Pain in Health and Disease

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Hobson ◽  
Qasim Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

To understand the pathophysiology of anomalous pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders, we must increase our understanding of how the central nervous system processes visceral pain. Over the past decade, novel application of functional brain imaging and electrophysiological techniques has given us the opportunity to study these processes in humans, and this review summarizes the current body of knowledge.

scholarly journals Uncovering Novel Roles of Nonneuronal Cells in Body Weight Homeostasis and Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 3001-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Chowen ◽  
Jesús Argente ◽  
Tamas L. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

Glial cells, which constitute more than 50% of the mass of the central nervous system and greatly outnumber neurons, are at the vanguard of neuroendocrine research in metabolic control and obesity. Historically relegated to roles of structural support and protection, diverse functions have been gradually attributed to this heterogeneous class of cells with their protagonism in crescendo in all areas of neuroscience during the past decade. However, this dramatic increase in attention bestowed upon glial cells has also emphasized our vast lack of knowledge concerning many aspects of their physiological functions, let alone their participation in numerous pathologies. This minireview focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how glial cells participate in the physiological regulation of appetite and systemic metabolism as well as their role in the pathophysiological response to poor nutrition and secondary complications associated with obesity. Moreover, we highlight some of the existing lagoons of knowledge in this increasingly important area of investigation.

scholarly journals Chemokines Referee Inflammation within the Central Nervous System during Infection and Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Durrant ◽  
Jessica L. Williams ◽  
Brian P. Daniels ◽  
Robyn S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Effector Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Endothelial Barriers ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The discovery that chemokines and their receptors are expressed by a variety of cell types within the normal adult central nervous system (CNS) has led to an expansion of their repertoire as molecular interfaces between the immune and nervous systems. Thus, CNS chemokines are now divided into those molecules that regulate inflammatory cell migration into the CNS and those that initiate CNS repair from inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Work in our laboratory throughout the past decade has sought to elucidate how chemokines coordinate leukocyte entry and interactions at CNS endothelial barriers, under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, and how they promote repair within the CNS parenchyma. These studies have identified several chemokines, including CXCL12 and CXCL10, as critical regulators of leukocyte migration from perivascular locations. CXCL12 additionally plays an essential role in promoting remyelination of injured white matter. In both scenarios we have shown that chemokines serve as molecular links between inflammatory mediators and other effector molecules involved in neuroprotective processes.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach for Hemangiopericytoma in Sellar Region: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang P ◽  
Wang J ◽  
Zou D ◽  
Pan J ◽  
Wu N
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Transsphenoidal Approach ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) with aggressive behavior are rare in the central nervous system and extremely rare in the sellar region. Here we presented a clinical case of HPC in sellar region.

Thyroid Storm in a Young Woman: A Clinical Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 453-455
Author(s):  
Cristiane Venturini Garlet ◽  
Isadora de Macedo Tomitão ◽  
Kayque Wellek Delgado do Amaral ◽  
Tiffany Ayumi Negrete Bomura ◽  
Ana Carla Barbosa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Threat To Life

Thyroid storm is a rare condition, but it can be characterized as a threat to life. It presents as an increase in the functions of the thyroid gland due to dysfunction of the central nervous system. It is characterized by pyrexia, tachycardia, heart failure and alterations in the digestive system. The objective of this report is to describe the case of a young woman with no previously reported diseases, who was affected by the thyroid storm, without the presence of Graves' disease.

The Sensational Contributions of Erik Moberg

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
A. LEE DELLON
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Joint Afferents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Sensory Recovery ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Erik Moberg is the father of functional sensory testing. During the past three decades, his research into quantitative testing of hand sensibility has provided the insight to bring us from classic academic tests (permitting localisation of lesions within the central nervous system) to clinical capability of restoring sensation to the hand. He introduced the Ninhydrin test to document objectively innervation. He defined hand function as precision-sensory and gross-sensory grips. He correlated Weber two-point discrimination with hand function. He introduced the pick-up test to document hand function. He coined the term “tactile gnosis”. He hypothesised that proprioception is principally due to skin, not joint, afferents. He classified the tetraplegic hand according to its combined sensory and motor capacity. He set the standard for sensory recovery after primary nerve repair, relating recovered two-point discrimination to age (Önne’s line) and he inspired the present generation of researchers to quantify their own studies of sensation.

scholarly journals Meningioma of the Pineal Region — Differential Radiologic Aspects of Pineal Region Tumors Based on a Clinical Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Tiago Avelar ◽  
Aline Paiva ◽  
Márcio Costa ◽  
Guilherme Aguiar ◽  
João Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Pineal Region Tumor ◽  
Pineal Region Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Velum Interpositum

AbstractPineal region tumors are uncommon among neoplasm of the central nervous system, with this region being the most heterogeneous in terms of histological types. Meningiomas are rarer still, but can be found at this site, with origins in either the velum interpositum or falcotentorial junction. Neuroimaging exams can distinguish malignant from benign lesions besides helping to define the origin of the lesion as the pineal parenchymal or surrounding structures. We report the case of a woman with a pineal region tumor in which differential diagnoses included meningioma and germinoma, with confirmation of the former based on radiological characteristics and histopathology. In addition, a brief review of differential diagnoses and approaches for cases of lesions in this region is provided.

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