scholarly journals Meningioma of the Pineal Region — Differential Radiologic Aspects of Pineal Region Tumors Based on a Clinical Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Tiago Avelar ◽  
Aline Paiva ◽  
Márcio Costa ◽  
Guilherme Aguiar ◽  
João Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Pineal Region Tumor ◽  
Pineal Region Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Velum Interpositum

AbstractPineal region tumors are uncommon among neoplasm of the central nervous system, with this region being the most heterogeneous in terms of histological types. Meningiomas are rarer still, but can be found at this site, with origins in either the velum interpositum or falcotentorial junction. Neuroimaging exams can distinguish malignant from benign lesions besides helping to define the origin of the lesion as the pineal parenchymal or surrounding structures. We report the case of a woman with a pineal region tumor in which differential diagnoses included meningioma and germinoma, with confirmation of the former based on radiological characteristics and histopathology. In addition, a brief review of differential diagnoses and approaches for cases of lesions in this region is provided.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma arising in the Central Nervous System: A Diagnostic Pitfall

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Asif Loya ◽  
Imrana Tanvir ◽  
Sabiha Riaz ◽  
Haseeb Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khubaib Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Oval Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfall ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm affecting the bones of young adults. It also arises extraskeletal in CNS, so ft tissu e and other o rgans. Intrac ran ial and those that originate from the dura mater are very rare. These tumors constitute an entirely different entity from classical chondrosarcoma. These are characterized by a bimorphic histological pattern composed of highly undifferentiated small round to oval cells and islands of well-differentiated hyaline cartilage with calcification and ossification. We hereby report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from the right tentorium cerebelli in a 40-year-old man with symptoms of mass effect. Histological examination demonstrated sheets of round to oval cells with islands of hyaline cartilage. The diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was made after a thorough microsco pic assessmen t. T umo r in add ition to cellular component also revealed a prominent cartilaginous component. We hereby discuss the morphological features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising in the CNS, the differential diagnoses of small round-cell tumors within the CNS, and the differentiating features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma from the other differential diagnoses. How to cite this article Tanvir I, Riaz S, Khan HA, Loya A, Shahid K. Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma arising in the Central Nervous System: A Diagnostic Pitfall. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):152-155.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach for Hemangiopericytoma in Sellar Region: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang P ◽  
Wang J ◽  
Zou D ◽  
Pan J ◽  
Wu N
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Transsphenoidal Approach ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) with aggressive behavior are rare in the central nervous system and extremely rare in the sellar region. Here we presented a clinical case of HPC in sellar region.

scholarly journals Far-lateral transcondylar approach: surgical technique and its application in neurenteric cysts of the cervicomedullary junction

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liu ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Endodermal Cell ◽  
Transcondylar Approach ◽  
Cervicomedullary Junction ◽  
Skull Base Approach ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Far Lateral

Neurenteric cysts are rare benign lesions of the central nervous system that are lined by endodermal cell–derived epithelium. Although they occur mostly in the spine, they can occur intracranially, most often in the posterior fossa. Neurenteric cysts that are located in the anterior cervicomedullary junction are even rarer and often require a skull base approach for adequate resection. The authors describe two cases of neurenteric cysts arising from the cervicomedullary junction that were resected via a far-lateral transcondylar approach. They discuss the surgical approach and operative nuances involved in removing these lesions, and review the clinical presentation of neurenteric cysts in this region as well as the neuroimaging characteristics, histopathological findings, and surgical management. Intraoperative videos are presented.

scholarly journals Refractory neuroblastoma, victory over pain (clinical case)

Pain medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-58
Author(s):  
O O Kalinchuk ◽  
T G Korol ◽  
S S Blazhko ◽  
N U Kosechenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the stem cells of the sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla and belongs to the group of neuroendocrine tumors. It is most often localized in the adrenal glands and the retroperitoneal space, less – in sympathetic ganglia of the neck and thoracic cavity. Pain syn-drome is one of the leading manifestations in patients with disease progression. Unlike other patients, a pain syndrome in oncological patients is not a temporary or periodic sensation, it has no physio-logical expediency, it does not have a protective mechanism, but, on the contrary, pain in this group of patients leads to inadaptation, distorted perception of pain and small impulses, most importantly, accompanied by various disorders of the functions of the central nervous system in the patient’s body.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HEREDITARY OPTICAL LEBER’S NEUROPATHY. CLINICAL CASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Azalia Aisarovna Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Leonid Sergeevich Zemlyanushin ◽  
Elvira Aysarovna Vashkulatova ◽  
Sofia Mikhailovna Zemlyanushina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hereditary Optic Atrophy

The article discusses a clinical case of demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis in combination with Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy of the optic nerve (Harding syndrome). The debut of the disease at the age of 24 in the form of a simultaneous bilateral decrease in vision, with subsequent atrophy of the optic nerves in both eyes. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was confi rmed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of Leber’s disease was confi rmed by genetic testing. An important point in the diff erential diagnosis was the identifi cation of the G3460A mutation in the ND1 gene and intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G.

scholarly journals Circulating myeloid cells invade the central nervous system to mediate cachexia during pancreatic cancer

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Burfeind ◽  
Xinxia Zhu ◽  
Mason A Norgard ◽  
Peter R Levasseur ◽  
Christian Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Velum Interpositum ◽  
The Brain

Weight loss and anorexia are common symptoms in cancer patients that occur prior to initiation of cancer therapy. Inflammation in the brain is a driver of these symptoms, yet cellular sources of neuroinflammation during malignancy are unknown. In a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we observed early and robust myeloid cell infiltration into the brain. Infiltrating immune cells were predominately neutrophils, which accumulated at a unique central nervous system entry portal called the velum interpositum, where they expressed CCR2. Pharmacologic CCR2 blockade and genetic deletion of Ccr2 both resulted in significantly decreased brain-infiltrating myeloid cells as well as attenuated cachexia during PDAC. Lastly, intracerebroventricular blockade of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 during PDAC abolished immune cell recruitment to the brain and attenuated anorexia. Our data demonstrate a novel function for the CCR2/CCL2 axis in recruiting neutrophils to the brain, which drives anorexia and muscle catabolism.

scholarly journals Experience in the Rehabilitation of Patients After Removal of Malignant Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Marina V. Stern ◽  
Elena V. Polkovnikova ◽  
Marina V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
System A ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Active Rehabilitation

Background. Early rehabilitation of patients after removal of neoplasms is an urgent task of modern rehabilitation. Clinical case description. This clinical example describes an example of rehabilitation and dynamics of recovery in a patient after removal of glioblastoma. After removal of a malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, the patient underwent a course of rehabilitation measures within the framework of hospitalization at the Federal Research Center for Clinical Center of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Patients after removal of malignant neoplasms are shown early active rehabilitation in order to compensate for neurological and mental deficits after removal of neoplasms of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Regression of Tumor in the Pineal Gland after Exclusive Radiotherapy: Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lucas Pordeus de Menezes ◽  
João Victor Bezerra Ramos ◽  
Louyse Jerônimo de Morais ◽  
Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasia and the main cause of death from malignancy in children. Germ cell tumors (GCT) of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. In pediatrics, the main location is close to the pineal gland and germinomas are the most common intracranial GCTs. Objectives and Methods: To describe the case of a patient with a possible germinoma treated exclusively with radiotherapy. The case was studied and came from a referral hospital – João Pesssoa, PB. Results: Reports “impaired failure”, disorientation and headache. Computed tomography: Hydrocephalus and strong tumor suspicion in the pineal region. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-gonadotropin (betaHCG) measurements: Normal. Treatment can be based on radiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. In this case, radiotherapy was performed at a dosage of 10 Gy, with control, after one month, by means of magnetic resonance imaging that revealed regression of the lesion. The treatment corroborated the hypothesis of a germinoma, which is extremely radiosensitive. However, the regression made it impossible to perform the anatomopathological exam for diagnostic conclusion. Conclusions: It can be seen, then, that primary CNG GCTs are part of a heterogeneous group of extremely rare lesions, with germinoma therapy still controversial. The case shows regression of a possible germinoma only with the use of radiotherapy.

scholarly journals “A distinct neutrophil population invades the central nervous system during pancreatic cancer”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Burfeind ◽  
Xinxia Zhu ◽  
Mason A. Norgard ◽  
Peter R. Levasseur ◽  
Brennan Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Catabolism ◽  
Velum Interpositum ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWeight loss, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction are common symptoms in cancer patients that occur prior to initiation of cancer therapy. Inflammation in the brain is a driver of these symptoms, yet cellular sources of neuroinflammation during malignancy are unknown. In a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we observed early and robust myeloid cell infiltration into the brain. Infiltrating immune cells were predominately neutrophils, which accumulated at a unique central nervous system entry portal called the velum interpositum, where they expressed CCR2. CCR2 knockout mice had significantly decreased brain-infiltrating neutrophils as well as attenuated anorexia and muscle catabolism during PDAC, without any changes in neutrophils in other organs. Lastly, intracerebroventricular blockade of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 during PDAC abolished neutrophil recruitment to the brain and attenuated anorexia. Our data demonstrate a novel function for the CCR2/CCL2 axis in recruiting neutrophils to the brain, which drives anorexia and muscle catabolism.

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