scholarly journals Comparison of fundamental frequency and formants frequency measurements in two speech tasks

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Viegas ◽  
Danieli Viegas ◽  
Glaucio Serra Guimarães ◽  
Margareth Maria Gomes de Souza ◽  
Ronir Raggio Luiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
T Test ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Voice And Speech

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare the measurements of fundamental frequency (F0) and frequency of the first two formants (F1 and F2) of the seven oral vowels of the Brazilian Portuguese in two speech tasks, in adults without voice and speech disorders. Methods: eighty participants in the age range 18 and 40 years, paired by gender, were selected after orofacial, orthodontic and auditory-perceptual assessments of voice and speech. The speech signals were obtained from carrier phrases and sustained vowels and the values of the F0 and frequencies of F1 and F2 were estimated. The differences were verified through the t Test, and the effect size was calculated. Results: differences were found in the F0 measurements between the two speech tasks, in two vowels in males, and in five vowels, in females. In the F1 frequencies, differences were noted in six vowels, in men, and in two, in women. In the F2 frequencies, there was a difference in four vowels, in men, and three, in women. Conclusion: based on the differences found, it is concluded that the speech task for evaluation of fundamental frequency and formants’ frequencies, in the Brazilian Portuguese, can show distinct results in both glottal and supraglottal measures in the production of different oral vowels of this language. Thus, it is suggested that clinicians and researchers consider both forms of emission for a more accurate interpretation of the implications of these data in the evaluation of oral communication and therapeutic conducts.

scholarly journals Memberdayakan High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Melalui Model Scientific Reading Based Project (SRBP) Pada Pembelajaran IPA Bagi Calon Guru Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Kartika Chrysti Suryandari ◽  
Sajidan Sajidan
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
High Order ◽  
T Test ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
High Order Thinking Skill ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
High Order Thinking

KeterampilanNberpikir tingkat tinggi penelitian ini pada aspek menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mencipta dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi bagi mahasiswa PGSD Kebumen menggunakan model pembelajaran SRBP. Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol dan perlakuan, sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester tiga angkatan tahun 2018 sejumlah 76 orang, yang mengikuti mata kuliah Konsep Dasar Ilmu Pengetahuan 2 PGSD Kebumen, FKIP UNS. Teknik pengambilan data <em>pre test-post test</em>  observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Analisis data dengan statistik parametrik dengan bantuan SPSS 21. Teknik dan asumsi pengujian: <em>paired sample t-test </em>untuk beda rerata sebelum dan setelah perlakukan dan <em>independent sample t-test </em> untuk beda rerata antar kelompok dilanjutkan dengan uji <em>effect size</em>.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keteramoilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada aspek menganalisis lebih menonjol daripada evaluasi dan mencipta.  Implikasi penelitian model SRBP dapat diterapkan pada jenjang pendidikan dasar dengan memodifikasi sumber literasi.

scholarly journals Impact of Gender on Adjustment and Academic Achievement

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaki Akhtar ◽  
Mahfooz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Home Health ◽  
T Test ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Age Range

In this era of globalization and demonetization, people of India have become aware of academic excellence and over all development of the students. Education psychologists have brought such issues in the limelight and provided valuable findings contributing to well being of the students. The present paper is an attempt to find out and compare certain areas of adjustment and academic achievement of school students. The sample consisted of 90 students with the age range from 14 to 17 years. Bell Adjustment Inventory developed and standardized by Mohsin and Shamshad (1968) was used to find out adjustment level of students. “t” test was used to analyze the data. Average marks of last three years annual results were considered as academic achievements. The findings showed that boys and girls students differed significantly in overall adjustment process. Although, there were no significant differences among the different level of adjustments i.e. home, health, social and emotional. The results further revealed that high achievement and low achievement students differed significantly in overall adjustment and high academic achievement groups are more adjusted as compare to low academic achievement groups.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Eka Trisianawati ◽  
Tomo Djudin ◽  
Yayuk Dwi Stianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Before And After

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran NHT, 2) perbedaan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran NHT, dan 3) besar efektivitas model pembelajaran NHT terhadap hasil belajar siswa dikelas X SMAN 1 Sungai Raya. Metode penelitian ialah metode eksperimen (Pre-Experimental Design) dengan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMAN 1 Sungai Raya yang terdiri dari 5 kelas. Sampel penelitian ini ialah kelas X IPA5 sebagai kelas eksperimen, dengan menggunakan teknik purporsive sampling.  Instrumen untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa menggunakan tes essay. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji rata-rata, uji pair sample t-test, dan effect size.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat peningkatan skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari 45,0 menjadi 77,8, 2) Dari hasil analisis data menggunakan uji pair sample t-test dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran NHT, dan 3) Nilai Effect Size sebesar 2,2 yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran NHT pada materi gerak lurus berubah beraturan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Raya. This study aims to analyze: 1) student learning outcomes before and after applying the NHT learning model, 2) differences in student learning outcomes before and after applying the NHT learning model, and 3) the effectiveness of NHT learning models on student learning outcomes in class X SMAN 1 Sungai Raya. The research method is the experimental method (Pre-Experimental Design) with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The study population was all students of class X Science at Sungai Raya 1 State High School consisting of 5 classes. The sample of this study is class X IPA5 as an experimental class, using purposive sampling technique. Instrument to measure student learning outcomes using an essay test. Data were analyzed using an average test, pair sample t-test, and effect size. The results show that: 1) there is an increase in the average score of student learning outcomes from 45.0 to 77.8, 2) From the results of data analysis using pair sample t-test can be concluded that there are significant differences in student learning outcomes before and after applying the NHT learning model, 3) Effect Size values of 2.2 which is included in the high category. It was concluded that the application of NHT learning  model affecting the learning outcomes of class X students of  SMAN  1 Sungai Raya, of the subject matter rectilinear motion with constant acceleration.

t-Test for Dependent Groups with Effect Size II

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
Zealure C. Holcomb ◽  
Keith S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
T Test

Reliability of Hypernasality Rating

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Paciello Yamashita ◽  
Elisabet Borg ◽  
Svante Granqvist ◽  
Anette Lohmander
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptual Assessment

Objective: To compare reliability in auditory-perceptual assessment of hypernasality for 3 different methods and to explore the influence of language background. Design: Comparative methodological study. Participants and Materials: Audio recordings of 5-year-old Swedish-speaking children with repaired cleft lip and palate consisting of 73 stimuli of 9 nonnasal single-word strings in 3 different randomized orders. Four experienced speech-language pathologists (2 native speakers of Brazilian–Portuguese and 2 native speakers of Swedish) participated as listeners. After individual training, each listener performed the hypernasality rating task. Each order of stimuli was analyzed individually using the 2-step, VISOR and Borg centiMax scale methods. Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of intra- and inter-rater reliability, and consistency  for each method within language of the listener and between listener languages (Swedish and Brazilian–Portuguese). Results: Good to excellent intra-rater reliability was found within each listener for all methods, 2-step: κ = 0.59-0.93; VISOR: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.80-0.99; Borg centiMax (cM) scale: ICC = 0.80-1.00. The highest inter-rater reliability was demonstrated for VISOR (ICC = 0.60-0.90) and Borg cM-scale (ICC = 0.40-0.80). High consistency within each method was found with the highest for the Borg cM scale (ICC = 0.89-0.91). There was a significant difference in the ratings between the Swedish and the Brazilian listeners for all methods. Conclusions: The category-ratio scale Borg cM was considered most reliable in the assessment of hypernasality. Language background of Brazilian–Portuguese listeners influenced the perceptual ratings of hypernasality in Swedish speech samples, despite their experience in perceptual assessment of cleft palate speech disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of a pilates school program on hamstrings flexibility of adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia González-Gálvez ◽  
María Carrasco Poyatos ◽  
Pablo Jorge Marcos Pardo ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽  
Yuri Feito
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Experimental Group

INTRODUCTION: Low levels of hamstring flexibility may trigger certain acute and chronic pathologies and injuries. Poor flexibility is observed among teenagers and several authors have recommended the use of specific programs in this population to improve flexibility levels. The Pilates Method (PM) may be an appropriate intervention to achieve this purpose and has rarely been used with this population. Objective: Study was to assess changes in the flexibility of hamstrings after running a didactic PM unit for high-school students.METHODS: This research was developed through a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 66 high-school students divided into experimental group (EG=39) and control group (CG=27). The intervention was carried out 2 times a week for six weeks. Each session lasted 55 minutes divided into three parts: warm-up, main part and cool down. Hamstring flexibility was assessed using the toe-touch test. Paired Student t-test and t-test for independent samples were applied. The size of the effect (d) was determined.RESULTS: The EG showed significant provident in hamstring flexibility (+3.54±3.9cm). The effect size was low (d>d>0,2<0,53), which means that a small proportion of participants improved their results. The control group did not have significant changes after the intervention. In the experimental group, both boys (+3.38± 3.7cm) and girls (+3.85 ± 4.2cm) showed significant improvements. The effect size was low for boys (d>d>0.2<0.53), which means that a small proportion of participants improved their results, and high for girls (d>1.15) which means that a large proportion of participants improved their results.CONCLUSION: This study showed that six-weeks of Pilates training in Physical Education classes has significantly improved the hamstrings flexibility among adolescents.

How Does Polytomous Item Bias Affect Total-group Survey Score Comparisons?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Dolores Hidalgo ◽  
Isabel Benítez ◽  
Jose-Luis Padilla ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
T Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Polytomous Items ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
The Impact

The growing use of scales in survey questionnaires warrants the need to address how does polytomous differential item functioning (DIF) affect observed scale score comparisons. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of DIF on the type I error and effect size of the independent samples t-test on the observed total scale scores. A simulation study was conducted, focusing on potential variables related to DIF in polytomous items, such as DIF pattern, sample size, magnitude, and percentage of DIF items. The results showed that DIF patterns and the number of DIF items affected the type I error rates and effect size of t-test values. The results highlighted the need to analyze DIF before making comparative group interpretations.

Clinical Measurement of Fundamental Frequency in Normal and Dysphonic Voices Using Electronic Tuners

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Solberg ◽  
Linda A. Hoag ◽  
Laura Beals
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Female Voices ◽  
Normal Males

The purpose of this study was to determine whether fundamental frequency measurements made with two portable electronic tuners, relatively inexpensive devices used by musicians for fast-tuning their instruments, were comparable to those made with the Visi-Pitch (Model 6097) when analyzing both normal and dysphonic voices. Voice recordings of vowel prolongations and connected speech (oral reading) of 40 adult subjects (10 normal females, 10 dysphonic females, 10 normal males, 10 dysphonic males) were analyzed. Results indicated that measurements of connected speech samples made with the tuners correlated very highly with those made by the Visi-Pitch. The measurements of vowel samples made with the tuners also correlated very highly with those made with the Visi-Pitch with the exception of the dysphonic female voices. Measurement differences of approximately one octave for two severely dysphonic female voices contributed to the lower but nevertheless significant correlations for dysphonic female voices. Regression analyses indicated that the tuners underestimated the measurements made with the Visi-Pitch by approximately 4 Hz or less. The results support the use of the tuners for clinical measurement of fundamental frequency when more sophisticated equipment is unavailable and when users are aware of the devices’ limitations.

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