Reliability of Hypernasality Rating

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Paciello Yamashita ◽  
Elisabet Borg ◽  
Svante Granqvist ◽  
Anette Lohmander
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptual Assessment

Objective: To compare reliability in auditory-perceptual assessment of hypernasality for 3 different methods and to explore the influence of language background. Design: Comparative methodological study. Participants and Materials: Audio recordings of 5-year-old Swedish-speaking children with repaired cleft lip and palate consisting of 73 stimuli of 9 nonnasal single-word strings in 3 different randomized orders. Four experienced speech-language pathologists (2 native speakers of Brazilian–Portuguese and 2 native speakers of Swedish) participated as listeners. After individual training, each listener performed the hypernasality rating task. Each order of stimuli was analyzed individually using the 2-step, VISOR and Borg centiMax scale methods. Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of intra- and inter-rater reliability, and consistency  for each method within language of the listener and between listener languages (Swedish and Brazilian–Portuguese). Results: Good to excellent intra-rater reliability was found within each listener for all methods, 2-step: κ = 0.59-0.93; VISOR: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.80-0.99; Borg centiMax (cM) scale: ICC = 0.80-1.00. The highest inter-rater reliability was demonstrated for VISOR (ICC = 0.60-0.90) and Borg cM-scale (ICC = 0.40-0.80). High consistency within each method was found with the highest for the Borg cM scale (ICC = 0.89-0.91). There was a significant difference in the ratings between the Swedish and the Brazilian listeners for all methods. Conclusions: The category-ratio scale Borg cM was considered most reliable in the assessment of hypernasality. Language background of Brazilian–Portuguese listeners influenced the perceptual ratings of hypernasality in Swedish speech samples, despite their experience in perceptual assessment of cleft palate speech disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT) on Compensatory Articulation in Children With Cleft Palate/Lip

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1985141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Herreras Mercado ◽  
Kenneth Simpson ◽  
Kristen H. Bellom-Rohrbacher
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech

Objective. This investigation researched the effectiveness of the PROMPT (Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets) method to address compensatory articulation errors in children with cleft palate. Design. Single-subject AB multiple baselines across participants and behaviors. Setting. Pediatric outpatient rehabilitation department in a local hospital in a metropolitan city. Participants. The investigation consisted of 3 participants (ages = 4:4 to 12:8) born with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate. All participants underwent several reconstructive surgeries to repair their lips and palates. Interventions. The PROMPT treatment was provided for 45 minutes 3 times a week for 4 weeks (3 weeks for Participant 2). Main Outcome Measure. Therapy sessions addressed anterior lingual speech motor phonemes across 3 tiers (syllables, words, and phrases). Results. Direct visual observation of data obtained throughout this investigation indicate potential positive effects and significant correlation between improvements in sound production at 3 tiers and the implementation of the PROMPT technique. Speech intelligibility was judged by 3 blinded listeners who were unfamiliar with children with speech disorders or with cleft palate speech. All listeners identified and judged improvement in overall speech intelligibility over the course of this investigation. Listeners examined speech samples selected from sessions 3, 6, 9, and 12. Conclusion. The findings in this investigation provide a potential relationship on the effectiveness of the PROMPT method and attainment of accurate speech productions in children with cleft palate producing compensatory articulation errors, resulting in improvement in overall speech intelligibility.

Pilot evaluation of a novel observational tool for collaboration and communication within multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gillis ◽  
Marie Morris ◽  
Nikita Bhatt ◽  
Paul Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team Meetings

Background: Despite widespread use of multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs) to facilitate patient care, little evidence exists that MDTs improve patient survival or impact care. Research into MDT function and outcome is limited. This pilot study looks to validate a novel tool developed to assess MDT functioning. Methods: A tool was developed with predefined Likert behaviour stems in the areas of structure, communication and collaboration. The tool was evaluated in nine MDTs by three independent observers and included participant evaluation. Inter-rater reliability was calculated with intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC); Student’s t-test was used to calculate significance in participant evaluation and matched observations. Results: The tool was used to evaluate 9 MDTs, discussing 133 cases. The overall ICC for the three coders was 0.935; for each MDT: 0.776–0.917. The inter-rater reliability for each MDT observation ranged from 0.245–0.923; the majority with an ICC >0.8. No significant difference was noted between participant evaluation and observer response. Discussion: MDTs provide a means of coordinating complex care for patients. This tool provides a means of evaluating group interaction within MDTs and is designed for use by different medical personnel. The pilot study has shown promising ICC; further evaluation is needed using a broader group of MDTs and including case complexity and outcome.

Evaluation of the Effects of Cheiloplasty on Maxillary Arch in UCLP Infants Using Three-Dimensional Digital Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanawut Kongprasert ◽  
Kengkart Winaikosol ◽  
Araya Pisek ◽  
Aggasit Manosudprasit ◽  
Amornrut Manosudprasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Anterior Arch ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To analyze and identify changes in the maxillary dental arch before and after cheiloplasty in a group of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants. Design: This is a cohort study. Material and Method: Study models from 16 infants with nonsyndromic UCLP, who were treated at Khon Kaen University, were taken before (T1) and after cheiloplasty (T2). The dental models underwent a process of scanning through a 3D scanner, from which 9 linear and 2 angular landmarks were evaluated. Paired t test was used to compare the measurement statistically between T1 and T2. Results: Alveolar cleft gap (G-L), anterior basal angle (∠GC-CC′), and anterior arch curvature angle on greater segment (∠GIC) were significantly decreased ( P < .05). Contrarily, anterior ridge length of greater segment (C-I), anterior ridge length of lesser segment (L-C′), and posterior arch width (T-T′) were significantly increased ( P < .05) after cheiloplasty. While, anterior portion of greater segment (I-G), anterior arch width (C-C′), anterior arch depth (I⊥CC′), arch length (G⊥TT′), and arch circumference (T-C-I-G-L-C′-T′) showed no significant difference. The measurements were tested using the Intraclass correlation coefficient. The coefficients indicated high reliability. Conclusion: Cleft gap significantly decreased after lip repair, and the anterior part of maxillary dental arch was also bent palatally after cheiloplasty without any other intervention except cheiloplasty. More studies are needed to assess the amount of lip pressure. If any convincing force is presented, an appliance to prevent undesirable pressure is indicated.

Foreign accent in advanced learners

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Muñoz ◽  
David Singleton
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Retelling ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Research has generally found age of learning (AOL) (i.e., age of initial significant L2 exposure) to predict degree of foreign accent (FA), while length of residence (LOR) has sometimes been seen as simply a corollary of AOL. The subjects in the present study were twelve late L2 learners of English with an average AOL of 22.5 and an average LOR of 10, plus a native-speaker control group. All the English-L2 subjects had Spanish and/or Catalan as L1. Short extracts were taken from their oral retelling of a film narrative and judged for FA by four native speakers of English. Language background data were elicited by questionnaire and interview. A significant difference overall emerged between native speakers and non-natives in terms of FA ratings. However, two of the learners scored within the native-speaker range. The discussion examines the possible influence of an array of factors on degree of FA, and explores what might underlie the native-like performance of the two most successful learners.

scholarly journals Children with visual impairments may have altered joint movement: an observational case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria Amado João ◽  
Michelle de Pádua ◽  
Ulisses Tirollo Taddei ◽  
Yuri Carvalho Mendes ◽  
Juliana Ferreira Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Normal Visual Acuity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lateral Rotation

To assess the articular range of motion in children with congenital visual impairment. Were evaluated 75 children between five and twelve years old, 49 with normal visual acuity and 26 visually impaired. Two evaluators performed the measure of active and passive range of motion by goniometry of shoulder and hip in all axes of motion. All examiners made a test of correlation between data obtained, to determine the inter-rater reliability, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In individuals with visual impairments was statistically significant difference, with higher range of motion in individuals with visual impairments to medial and lateral rotation of shoulder and hip lateral rotation. Were found: high correlation in the inter-rater reliability (ICC>0.70) for 9 (22.5%) groups of articular range of motion, moderate correlation (0.7>ICC>0.5) for 25 (62.5%) groups and low correlation to 6 (15%) groups ranges of motion. Sampled children with congenital visual impairment showed greater joint mobility for rotational range of motion of the shoulder and hip than children with normal visual acuity, although they have also shown lower values for articular range of motion in abduction and extension in shoulders.

scholarly journals The Role of the Velopharyngeal Sphincter in the Speech of Patients with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip and Palate Using Perceptual Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Georgievska-Jancheska ◽  
Juliana Gjorgova ◽  
Mirjana Popovska
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Probable Nature ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND: The velopharyngeal sphincter (VPS) plays the main role in speech formation. The cleft palate, due to the damage of the soft palate, leads to dysfunction of the velopharyngeal sphincter thus causing speech disorder.AIM: To establish a link between the nasal air escape and the perceptual symptoms in the speech of patients with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate using auditory-visual perceptual procedures for determining the influence the velopharyngeal dysfunction has on speech.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with speech disorders, out of which 10 have cleft palate or cleft lip and palate (experimental group), participated in the perceptual assessment by means of Czermak mirror fogging test for assessing the nasal air escape and Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (PWSS) for assessing the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter.RESULTS: The respondents with a considerable nasal air escape have a higher velopharyngeal inability, that is, probably incompetent nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter. There is a strong correlation between the nasal air escape and the probable nature of the velopharyngeal sphincter (the coefficient of linear correlation r = 0.9756). The calculated р-value is р = 0.000002.CONCLUSION: The perceptual speech symptoms and the nasal air escape provide unique insight into the state and role the velopharyngeal sphincter has in speech.

What Have We Learned From Physiological Approaches to Characterizing Dysarthria and Other Speech Production Disorders?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Resolution

Traditionally, speech-language pathologists (SLP) have been trained to develop interventions based on a select number of perceptual characteristics of speech without or through minimal use of objective instrumental and physiologic assessment measures of the underlying articulatory subsystems. While indirect physiological assumptions can be made from perceptual assessment measures, the validity and reliability of those assumptions are tenuous at best. Considering that neurological damage will result in various degrees of aberrant speech physiology, the need for physiologic assessments appears highly warranted. In this context, do existing physiological measures found in the research literature have sufficient diagnostic resolution to provide distinct and differential data within and between etiological classifications of speech disorders and versus healthy controls? The goals of this paper are (a) to describe various physiological and movement-related techniques available to objectively study various dysarthrias and speech production disorders and (b) to develop an appreciation for the need for increased systematic research to better define physiologic features of dysarthria and speech production disorders and their relation to know perceptual characteristics.

Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Batman Mjelle ◽  
Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽  
Roald Flesland Havre ◽  
Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

The role of cross-linguistic stress pattern frequency and word similarity on the acquisition of English stress pattern by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Post Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
American English ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English As Second Language ◽  
Word Similarity ◽  
L1 Transfer

This is a preliminary study in which we investigate the acquisition of English as second language (L2[1]) word stress by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP, L1[2]). In this paper, we show results of a multiple choice forced choice perception test in which native speakers of American English and native speakers of Dutch judged the production of English words bearing pre-final stress that were both cognates and non-cognates with BP words. The tokens were produced by native speakers of American English and by Brazilians that speak English as a second language. The results have shown that American and Dutch listeners were consistent in their judgments on native and non-native stress productions and both speakers' groups produced variation in stress in relation to the canonical pattern. However, the variability found in American English points to the prosodic patterns of English and the variability found in Brazilian English points to the stress patterns of Portuguese. It occurs especially in words whose forms activate neighboring similar words in the L1. Transfer from the L1 appears both at segmental and prosodic levels in BP English. [1] L2 stands for second language, foreign language, target language. [2] L1 stands for first language, mother tongue, source language.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging Evaluation of Textural Features in Athletes with Soleus Pathology—A Novel Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca De-la-Cruz-Torres ◽  
Emmanuel Navarro-Flores ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Carlos Romero-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Group A

Background: the aim of this study was to compare the echotexture of patients with soleus muscle injury and age matched controls. Methods: a sample of 62 athletes was recruited at the private clinic and was divided in two group: a healthy group (n = 31) and a soleus pathology group whose athletes had soleus muscle injury, located in the central tendon (n = 31). The muscle thickness (MTh), echointensity (EI) and echovariation (EV) were analyzed. An intra-rater reliability test (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient-ICC) was performed in order to analyze the reliability of the values of the measurements. Results: Sociodemographic variables did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Ultrasound imaging measurements who reported statistically significant differences were EI (p = 0.001) and standard deviation (SD) (p = 0.001). MTh and EV variables did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.381 and p = 0.364, respectively). Moreover, reliability values for the MTh (ICC = 0.911), EI (ICC = 0.982), SD (ICC = 0.955) and EV (ICC = 0.963). Based on these results the intra-rater reliability was considered excellent. Conclusion: Athletes with a central tendon injury of soleus muscle showed a lower EI when they were compared to healthy athletes. The echogenicity showed by the quantitative ultrasound imaging measurement may be a more objective parameter for the diagnosis and follow-up the soleus muscle injuries.

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